4S店汽车维修专用升降机设计【双剪叉式】【5张CAD图纸+PDF图】

喜欢就充值下载吧。。资源目录里展示的文件全都有，，请放心下载，，有疑问咨询QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== 喜欢就充值下载吧。。资源目录里展示的文件全都有，，请放心下载，，有疑问咨询QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== 编号 无锡太湖学院 毕业设计（论文） 相关资料 题目： 4S店汽车维修专用升降机设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业 学 号： 　　　 0923092　　　　 学生姓名： 武文琦 指导教师： 　 范圣耀 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ） 2013年5月20日 目 录 一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告 二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文 三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表” 四、实习鉴定表 无锡太湖学院 毕业设计（论文） 开题报告 题目： 4S店汽车维修专用升降机设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业 学 号： 0923092 学生姓名： 武文琦 指导教师： 范圣耀 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ） 2012年11月25日 课题来源 经老师的介绍在工厂实习，经过几个月的亲身实践，我对汽车维修专用升降机有了一个系统的了解，因此选择了自己熟悉的产作为毕业论文的课题。 科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等） （1）课题科学意义 随着汽车使用量的迅速增加，社会对汽车维修工具和设备的工作效率也越来越高。由此原因，设计一种维修设备，它可根据汽车维修部位的不同而随时调整汽车的位置，方便维修，减轻维修人员的劳动负荷从而提高工作效率，就成为必然需要。具有结构紧凑，占地面积小，安装和拆卸操作方便，故障率低，常见故障易处理，维护方便等优点的汽车升降机，就可以满足汽车维修对提高工作效率的要求。本次毕业设计的题目来源于生产第一线，所设计的产品具有实用价值，已经有成熟产品生产。我们可以参考现有产品做出的改进设计，使产品机构更合理、更实用、更可靠。 （2）汽车升降机的研究状况及其发展前景 我国每年升降平台市场成交额高达500亿元左右，但其中却有100多亿元的市场被国外升降平台企业占领。要改变这种现状，提高升降平台质量是关键。升降平台在机械产品中占有相当大的比重。据国外工业发达国家统计，升降平台的产值是压缩机、风机和泵三者的总和，约占整个机械工业产值的5%。同时，作为重大技术装备的重要组成部分，尤其是在电力、石化、冶金、城市供排水系统中，升降平台更是起着关键作用，而且用量非常大。目前，我国升降平台企业约6000余家，其中年产值超过500万元的有900家。国内上市的升降平台公司3家，即中核科技、洪城股份、广东明珠。去年，中核科技主营业务收入2.35亿元，洪城股份主营业务收入1.46亿元，广东明珠主营业务收入1.5亿元。这些企业，无论是其规模，还是产品质量，目前都无法与国外同类企业抗衡。 目前，国内外升降平台的发展趋势主要有以下五个方面：  （1）升降平台的全球化趋势  （2）以跨国公司为主导，产业链细分的趋势 （3）以科技中心控制升降平台中心的新趋势 （4）升降平台的信息化、虚拟化趋势 （5）升降平台的绿色化趋势向环保化或绿色化方向发展 研究内容 气液动剪叉式升降平台具有制造容易、价格低廉、坚实耐用、便于维修保养等特点。在民航、交通运输、冶金、汽车制造等行业逐渐得到广泛应用。通过对汽车专用升降平台的技术参数，结合具体实例，对机构中两种液压缸布置方式分析比较，并根据要求对液压传动系统个部分进行设计计算最终确定液压执行元件--液压缸，通过对叉杆的各项受力分析确定台板与叉杆的载荷要求，最终完成汽车专用升降平机的设计要求。 拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析 研究的内容  （1）举升机台板降到下位时，与地面应尽可能在同一平面上。为此，在保证强度和刚度的前提下，应尽可能降低举升机台板和横梁的高度。在条件许可时，举升机台板（或横梁）应选择专用型钢或用钢板拆弯成形。  （2）正确选择传动方式。采用机械传动（螺母、螺杆）或液压传动（油缸），均 用电动机驱动。机械传动的成本较高，耗能较多，但安全性较好。  （3）丝绳的选择。为了减少滑轮直径从而缩小寄生机立柱的断面尺寸，应该选用高柔度的钢丝绳。钢丝绳应有较高的安全系数，一般应达8。为此，应增加钢丝绳钢丝的数目。这样，不仅价格便宜，还能减轻钢丝绳的磨损，延长其使用寿命。 研究计划及预期成果 研究计划： 2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。 2012年12月3日-2013年3月1日：填写毕业实习报告。 2013年3月4日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改毕业设计开题报告。 2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。 2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：4S店汽车维修专用升降机正文设计。 2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：绘制装配图和零件图。 2013年4月26日-2013年5月20日：毕业论文撰写和修改工作。 预期成果： 通过不同方案的比较，以及考虑不同因素的影响，最后确定合理的升降机设计方案，该方案能最大限度的满足使用要求。 特色或创新之处 （1）对本厂的几种升降机结构对比，分析优劣。 （2）充分考虑使用环境及使用成本。 （3）采用固定某些参量、改变某些参量来研究问题的方法，思路清晰，简洁明了，行之有效。 已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 （1）实验方案思路已经非常明确，已经具备使用CAD制图的能力和图像处理方面的知识。 （2）理论设计的能力尚需加强。 （3）学校收藏了相关资料，网络工具灵活运用。 指导教师意见 指导教师签名： 年 月 日 教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日 系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日 Hydraulic system Chapter 1 Introduction Hydraulic Pump Station also known as the stations are independent h- ydraulic device. It requested by the oil gradually. And controlling the hydraulic oil flow direction, pressure and flow rate, applied to the mainframe and hy- draulic devices separability of hydraulic machinery. Users will be provided after the purchase hydraulic station and host of implementing agencies (motor oil or fuel tanks) connected with tubing, Hydraulic machinery can be realized from these movements and the work cycle. Hydraulic pump station is installed, Manifold or valve combination, t- anks, a combination of electrical boxes. Functional components : Pump device -- is equipped with motors and pumps, hydraulic station is the source of power. to mechanical energy into hydraulic oil pressure can be. Manifold -- from hydraulic valve body and channel assembled. Right direction for implementation of hydraulic oil, pressure and flow control. Valve portfolio -- plate valve is installed in up board after board conn- ects with the same functional IC. Tank -- plate welding semi-closed containers, also loaded with oil filtering network, air filters, used oil, oil filters and cooling. Electrical boxes -- at the two patterns. A set of external fuse terminal plate; distribution of a full range of electrical control. Hydraulic Station principle : motor driven pump rotation, which pump oil absorption from the oil tank. to mechanical energy into hydraulic pressure to the station, hydraulic oil through Manifold (or valve combinations) realized the direction, pressure, After adjusting flow pipe and external to the cylinder hydraulic machinery or motor oil, so as to control the direction of the motive fluid transformation force the size and speed the pace of promoting the various acting hydraulic machinery. 1.1 A development course China Hydraulic (including hydraulic, the same below), pneumatic and seals industrial development process can be broadly divided into three phases, namely : 20 early 1950s to the early 1960s, the initial stage; 60's and 70 for specialized production system ;80~90's growth stage for the rapid development stage. Which, hydraulic industry in the early 1950s from the machine tool industry production of fake Su-grinder, broaching machine, copying lathe, and other hydraulic drive started, Hydraulic Components from the plant hydraulic machine shop, self-occupied. After entering the 1960s, the application of hydraulic technology from the machine gradually extended to the agricultural machinery and mechanical engineering fields, attached to the original velocity of hydraulic shop some stand out as pieces of hydraulic professional production. To the late 1960s, early 1970s, with the development of mechanized production, especially in the second automobile factory in providing efficient, automated equipment, along with the Hydraulic Components manufacturing has experienced rapid development of the situation, a group of SMEs have become professional hydraulic parts factory. 1968 China's annual output of hydraulic components have nearly 200,000 in 1973, machine tools, agricultural machinery, mechanical engineering industries, the production of hydraulic parts factory has been the professional development of more than 100 and an annual output more than one million. an independent hydraulic manufacturing industry has begun to take shape. Then, hydraulic pieces of fake products from the Soviet Union for the introduction of the product development and technical design combining the products to the pressure, Hypertension, and the development of the electro-hydraulic servo valves and systems, hydraulic application areas further expanded. Aerodynamic than the start of the industrial hydraulic years later, in 1967 began to establish professional pneumatic components factory, Pneumatic Components only as commodity production and sales. Sealed with rubber and plastics, mechanical seals and sealing flexible graphite sealing industry, the early 1950s from the production ordinary O-rings. rubber and plastics extrusion, such as oil seal sealing and seal asbestos products start to the early 1960s, begun production of mechanical seals and flexible graphite sealing products. 1970s, the burning of the former Ministry, a Ministry, the Ministry of Agricultural Mechanization System, a group of professional production plants have been established, and the official establishment of industries to seal industrial development has laid the foundation for growth. Since the 1980s, in the country's reform and opening up policy guidelines, with the development of the machinery industry, based mainframe pieces behind the conflicts have become increasingly prominent and attracted the attention of the relevant departments. To this end, the Ministry of the original one in 1982, formed the basis of common pieces of Industry, will be scattered in the original machine tools, agricultural machinery, mechanical engineering industries centralized hydraulic, pneumatic and seals specialized factories, placing them under common management infrastructure pieces Bureau, so that the industry in the planning, investment, technology and scientific research and development in areas such as infrastructure pieces Bureau of guidance and support. Since then entered a phase of rapid development, has introduced more than 60 items of advanced technology from abroad, including more than 40 items of hydraulic, pneumatic 7. After digestion and absorption and transformation, now have mass production, and industry-leading products. In recent years, the industry increased the technological transformation efforts, in 1991, Local enterprises and the self-financing total input of about 20 billion yuan, of which more than 1.6 billion yuan Hydraulic. Through technological transformation and technology research, and a number of major enterprises to further improve the level of technology, technique and equipment to be greatly improved. In order to form a higher starting point, specialization, and run production has laid a good foundation. In recent years, many countries in the development of common ownership guidelines, under different ownership SMEs rapid rise showing great vitality. With the further opening up, three-funded enterprises rapid development of industry standards for improving and expanding exports play an important role. Today, China has and the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries famous manufacturers joint ventures or wholly-owned by foreign manufacturers to establish a piston pump / motor, planetary reduction gears, steering gear, hydraulic control valve, hydraulic system, hydrostatic transmission, hydraulic Casting. pneumatic control valve, cylinder, gas processing triple pieces, mechanical seals, rubber and seal products more than 50 production enterprises, attracting foreign investment over 200 million U.S. dollars. 1.2 the current situation 1.21Basic Profiles After 40 years of efforts, China hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industry has formed a relatively complete categories. a certain level of technical capacity and the industrial system. According to the 1995 Third National Industrial Census statistics, hydraulic, Pneumatic seals and industrial 370,000 annual sales income of 100 million yuan in state-owned, village-run, private and cooperative enterprises, individual, "three capital" enterprises with a total of more than 1,300, of which about 700 hydraulic, Pneumatic seals and the approximately 300 thousand. By 1996 with the international trade statistics, the total output value of China's industry hydraulic 2.348 billion yuan, accounting for the world's 6; Pneumatic industry output 419 million yuan, accounting for world No. 10. 1.22 the current supply and demand profiles Through the introduction of technology, independent development and technological innovation, and high-pressure piston pump, gear pumps, vane pump, General Motors hydraulic valves, tanks, Non-lubricated aerodynamic pieces and various seals of the first large technology products has increased noticeably. stability of the mass production may, for various mainframe products provide a level of assurance. In addition, hydraulic and pneumatic components of the CAD system, pollution control, proportional servo technology has scored some achievements, and is already in production. Currently, hydraulic, pneumatic and seals products total about 3,000 species, more than 23,000 specifications. Among them, there are 1,200 hydraulic varieties, more than 10,000 specifications (including hydraulic products 60 varieties 500 specifications); Pneumatic are 1,350 varieties, more than 8,000 specifications; Rubber seal 350 species more than 5,000 specifications have been basically cater to the different types of mainframe products to the general needs, complete sets of equipment for major varieties of matching rate was over 60%, and started a small amount of exports. 1998 pieces of homemade hydraulic output 4.8 million. sales of about 28 billion (of which about 70% mechanical systems); aerodynamic pieces yield 3.6 million. sales of about 5.5 billion (of which about 60% of mechanical systems); Seals output of about 800 million. sales of about 10 billion (of which about 50% mechanical systems). According to the China Hydraulic Pneumatic Seals Industry Association 1998 annual report, hydraulic product sales rate of 97. 5% (101% for hydraulic), pneumatic 95.9%, 98.7% sealed. This fully reflects the basic marketing convergence. My hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industry has attained a great deal of progress, but with mainframe development needs, and the world's advanced level, there are still many gaps, mainly reflected in the product variety, performance and reliability, and so on. Hydraulic products as an example, products abroad only one-third, life for half abroad. In order to meet key mainframe, and mainframe imports of major technology and equipment needs, every year a large number of hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing products imports. According to customs statistics and the analysis of data, in 1998 hydraulic, pneumatic and seals in the import about 200 million U.S. dollars, Hydraulic which about 1.4 billion dollars, aerodynamic nearly 030 million U.S. dollars, sealed about 030 million U.S. dollars. compared with a slight decline in 1997. By sums, currently imported products on the domestic market share of about 30%. 1998 pieces of the domestic market demand for hydraulic total of about six million, the total sales of nearly 40 billion; aerodynamic pieces of the total demand of about 5 million, with sales more than 700 million yuan; Seals total demand of about 1.1 billion. total sales of about 1.3 billion. 1.3 the development trend of the future 1.31 affect the development of the main factors (1) product development ability, and the level of technological development and speed can not completely meet the advanced mainframe products, major equipment and technology imported equipment and maintenance support; (2) the number of enterprises manufacturing technology, the level of equipment and management standards are comparatively backward, coupled with a strong sense of quality, resulting in low levels of product performance, quality, Reliability poor services in a timely manner, lack of user satisfaction and trust of the brand-name products; (3) industry specialization of production low, scattered strength, low repeat serious, between regions and enterprises of convergence products, blindly compete with each other, driving down prices, the decline of enterprise returns, lack of funds, liquidity difficulties, product development and technological transformation is inadequate and seriously restricted the industry to improve the overall level of competition and the increase of strength; (4) The internationalization of the domestic market and the increasing degree of foreign companies have entered the Chinese market and participate in competition with the domestic private and cooperative enterprises, individuals, foreign-funded enterprises, such as the rise of state-owned enterprises due to the growing impact. 1.32 the development trend As the socialist market economy continues to deepen, hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing products in the market supply and demand and there is a greater change, long ago to a "shortage" of the seller's market has basically become a "structural surplus" of the characteristics of the buyer's market place . Overall capacity, is already in oversupply situation, in particular the general low level of hydraulic, pneumatic and seals, the general oversupply; and the host of urgent high-tech high-parameter, high value-added high-end products, and they do not satisfy the market needs, only dependent on imports. China joins the WTO, its impact may be even greater. Therefore, the "15" during the growth of the output value of industry, must not depend on volume growth and the industry should address the structural problems of their own, increase the intensity of the adjustment of the industrial structure and product mix, is, we should rely on the improvement of quality, and promote technical upgrading of products to meet market demand and stimulating, seek greater development. 2 The application of hydraulic power sliding stage 2.1 Power sliding Taiwan introduced This paper deals with the investigation for slide unit's impact and motion stabil¬ity in modular machine tool fay means of the method of power bond graph and state space analysis. The dynamic mathematical model of self-adjusting back pressure speed control system used to drive slide unit is established. Main reasons and affect¬ing factors for slide unit impact and motion unstability are analysed through compu¬ter digital simulation, It is concluded from those that, if the structural dimensions of hydraulic cylinder and back pressure valve are designed rationally, the slide unit's dynamics will markedly be improved. NOMENCLATURE Sf flow source Sei sliding friction force in slide unit R equivalent viscous friction coefficient in slide unit Ii mass of slide unit and cylinder h mass of SABP valve spool Ci,C2 hydraulic capacitances of rod chamber and non-rod chamber in cylinder re- spec-tively C3 spring compliance of SABP valve R]rR2 hydraulic resistances of damping holes R9 hydraulic resistance of orifice of SABP valve Se2 presetting force of spring in SABP valve I4J5 equivalent liquid inertia in pipe lines C^Cg equivalent hydraulic capacitances in pipe lines equivalent hydraulic resistances in pipe lines V-j V^ oil-containing volumes in non-rod chamber and rod chamber respectively P,r:, P-i oil pressures in non-rod chamber and rod chamber respectively F load acted on slide unit V slide unit velocity * Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Ur.iversity of Technology, Dalian. China. 2.2 Introduction During operation of modular machine tool, the changes of slid unit's speed and load acted on it in both magnitude and direction will affect working performar.ee to a different extent Particularly the impact caused by sudden vanishing of load and the motion unstability due to periodical change of load in operation will affect the surface quality of the workpiece machined, and the tool would be broken off under serious conditions, By using the method of power bond graph and state space analysis, the dynamic mathematical model of the system used to drive slide unit is established, that is called as self-adjusting back pressure speed control system and abbreviated to SABP system. In order to improve slide unit's dynamics, it is necessary to find out the main reasons and affecting factors, that must be based on computer digital simulation and study on the results. 2.3 Dynamic Mathematica Modeld The schematic diagram of SABP system is shown in Fig.l, the system is used to perform the cycle of feeding, stopping and returning. Four way control valve works in the right position during slide unit's feeding. The supply pressure of the pump is approximately constant under the action of pressure relief valve, the oil through the control valve and pressure compensated flow control valve enters the non-rod chamber to put slide unit forward. At the same time, the oil from the rod chamber is discharged through SABP valve and directional control valve to tank. In this process, the state of two check valves and pressure relief valve is not changed, To establish the mathematical model as reasonably and simply as possible, consideration must be focused on main affecting factors for a complex non-linear system such as the SABP system. It is illustrated by theoretical analysis and test result ' , that the transient time of the system is much longer than that of the flow control valve, and the flowrate overshoot of the valve in transients affects very small to slide unit speed because of the ;lar