2020届高中英语 5年高考3年模拟 专题21 短文改错（浙江专版）

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1、2020届英语科5年高考3年模拟[浙江专版] 专题21 短文改错 【备考策略】 如何做短文改错：      第一步： 审题。通读全文， 了解大意。全面把握文章整体(时态、 题材及内容)。      第二步： 重读全文， 应先确定一些明显的错误， 以便疏通短文， 化繁为简， 为后面解题打开思路。许多问题可在这一阶段得到解决。从词法、 句法到行文逻辑三方面着手， 逐句而不是逐行地分析、 找错。 　　第三步： 综观全篇， 看错误类型的比例是否得当、 前后逻辑是否一致、 有无前后矛盾等现象。 第四步： 认真检查， 避免出现以下错误： 符号不规范； 一个词改为几个或几个改为一个； 该大写

2、的未大写； 合成词只改了其中一部分等。 综合近年的高考题我们可以看出主要在以下语法项目上设题： 1.名词和限制词的搭配 主要涉及可数与不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配，以及名词的单复数的误用。 2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词 常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象，以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、非谓语动词之间的误用。 3.代词的误用 主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性等。 4.数词的误用 主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，以及hundred, thousand, dozen,

3、score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。 5.形容词与副词 主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用，以及形容词和副词的误用等。 6.考查英语中的并列现象 常见的短语结构包括非谓语，并列句等 7.考查上下文的逻辑关系 主要查看文章自身前后叙述是否矛盾等 8.一些相似结构的误用 9.惯用法的搭配 考点解析 考点一、名词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。 二、真题单句归纳 1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a

4、 walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew making a new film with one of my favourite actor. 2. He was right there in the front of me! 3. My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day. 4. In early January this year, the rate of UF

5、O reports was steady,around three per weeks. 5. Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work. 6. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 7. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. 8. I was playing at my cousin house.

6、9. Although her English is a little hard to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family. 三、改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系。 考点二、时态 一、考点规律分析 动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别,其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来,在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看,主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时

7、态,如一般将来时,现在完成时等,但很少见。 二、真题单句归纳 1. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and actor couldn't be seen anywhere. 2. When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last. 3. She knows what had happen

8、ed, but she thanked me and never mentioned it again. 4. We became friends shortly after we meet each other. 三、改正方法:现在时与过去时的误用,句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文,着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去,突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。 考点三、动词 一、动词考点规律分析 动词考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点,它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。 二、真

9、题单句归纳 1. I couldn't believe my luck-not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt! 2. However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon. 3. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy playing with the toy or

10、 faced my cousin again; 考点四、主谓一致 一、考点规律分析 从广义来说,英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面,如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等,所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。 二、真题单句归纳 1. In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports were steady,around three per week. 2. Luckily I had all my money in my pocket, but the

11、 only clothes I had was those I had on. 3. Katia,like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. 三、改正方法:分清主语 考点五、多词 一、考点规律分析 多词错误主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be、比较级more等。具体说来,多词错误可能涉及的问题有：及物动词后接宾语时误加介词,在该用动词原形的地方误加不定式符号to,在物质名词、抽象名词、复数名词等表示泛指时误加定冠词,在一些可直接用作状语的短语前误加介词in, on, for 等,误加一

12、些导致语义重复的小词（如two 与both连用,all 与whole 连用等）,在本身已是比较级的词前误加more,在不是从句的地方误加从句“引导词”,在一些习惯用语和固定表达中误加不该用的“小词”（如冠词、介词、副词等）,等等。 二、真题单句归纳 1. My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of days. 2. He wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could

13、be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements. 3. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn't start coming on time,so he went to the doctor for a help. 4. When I finally arrived at my friend's he lent to me lots of clothes. 5. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy t

14、o playing with the toy or face my cousin again; 6. Now, we are planning a small party for the next Sunday. （10） Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true. 考点六、缺词 一、考点规律分析 与多词错误的情形相似,缺词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词 be等。具体说来,漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：不及物动词后接宾语时漏

15、加必要的介词,在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加 to,在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词（尤其是漏加不定冠词）,漏掉表特指的定冠词,漏掉被动语态中的助动词 be,漏加系表结构中的连系动词 be,漏加一些常用结构或表达中的介词（如漏掉 a lot of 中的 of,漏掉 because of 中的 of,漏掉 instead of 中的 of等）,漏掉某些从句的“引导词”（通常会导致意义不通）,等等。 二、真题单句归纳 1. I didn't have my camera with me at that time, so I rushed back home to get . 2

16、. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known. 3. He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory. 4. I was going to visit a friend there and after that I would go to Xiamen for long

17、 holiday. 5. I put into my pocket when he wasn't looking. 6. This is the first time that I′ve been away my family for such a long time. 考点七、介词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。 二、真题单句归纳 1. I was really disappointed an

18、d about to leave when he walked out a building. 2. Thank you very much for showing us around your city and providing us for the wonderful meals.（201·全国II） 3. When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors to outer space was shown on television,there was an immediate i

19、ncrease in reports of sightings from all parts of the States. 4. Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work. 5. Luckily I had all my money on my pocket, but the only clothes I had were those I had on. 6. There was one on particular I'd always wanted.

20、考点八、从句及并列连词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。 二、真题单句归纳 1. I didn't have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed back home to get it. 2. It's been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. 3. Following this explanation,there was a rap

21、id drop in the number of reported sightings,because the rate remained above the previous level. 4. His boss wanted to fire him if he didn't start coming on time,but he went to the doctor for help. 5. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag form the floor and then I realized that s

22、omeone had stolen it. 6. We're both surprised that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. 7. There ,Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times. I just can't wait. 三、改正方法： ）根据句意确定错误；主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。 ）根据句子的逻辑

23、关系确定错误。 考点九、非谓语动词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无,介词后该使用动词的什么形式（用动名词）,并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致,动词用作主语时用何种形式（可用动名词或不定式,但不能用动词原形）等。 二、真题单句归纳 1. Last Sunday morning, when I was having a walk in the park near my home, I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actors. 2. My brot

24、her was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days. 3. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who was directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to making his findings known. 4. Follow this explanation,there was a rapid drop in the n

25、umber of reported sightings,but the rate remained above the previous level. 5. The man did as told and slept really well,wake up before the alam had even gone off. 6. He had time for a proper breakfast and was still the first reach the factory. 7. "Boss," he said ,"that medicine really works!"

26、I'm pleasing to hear it ,”said his boss,”but where were you yesterday?” 8. My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. 9. With the help of Katia, a roommate of mine, I′ve soon got used to live without my parents around. 三、改正方法：）谓语动词和非谓语动词

27、的错用；）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。 考点十、冠词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别（包括 a 与 an 的区别）。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词；另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。 二、真题单句归纳 1. If you'd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be more than happy to be your guide. 2. When, howev

28、er, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors from outer space was shown on television,there was the immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States. 三、模拟单句演练 （）Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital. （）It was such wonde

29、rful dinner that we enjoyed it very much. （3）It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella. （4）My friend Mary comes from an European country. （）Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer. （6）In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him. （7）People made the fun of

30、her because she wore such strange clothes. （8）You don't know what wonderful time we've had. 考点十一、代词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性（包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性）、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用（尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构）、某些不定代词的用法（尤其是在意思上用错）、代词在某些习语中的用法等。 二、真题单句归纳 1. Thank you very much for showing them around your city a

31、nd providing us with the wonderful meals. 2. The commanding officer,Wayne Tyler,who was directly responsible for the study of all such repsorts,decided to make his findings known. They wrote an article,which said that all UFO reports could be explained quite naturally by aircraft movements. 3. T

32、he doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. 4. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I′ve soon got used to living without my parents around. 考点十二、形容词和副词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用（尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more）、形容词与副词的混用（如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词）等,另外,

33、用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词（如 in, down 等）的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。 二、真题单句归纳 1. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they had finished the scene and the actor couldn't be seen everywhere. 2. I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building. 3. I

34、f you'd like to make a trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide. 4. He had time for a properly breakfast and was still the first to reach the factory. 5. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buying a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and afte

35、r that I would go to Xiamen for a long holiday. 6. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. Late on, my aunt drove me home. 7. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. 8. She knew what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it a

36、gain. 9. Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own families 三、改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。   总结：动词形,名词数, 还要注意形和副； 非谓语,细辨别, 习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析, 逻辑错误须关注； 冠词连词

37、常光顾。 五年高考 A组 2020年全国高考题组 1.【2020 浙江卷】 第一节短文改错（共10小题；毎小题1分，满分10分） 下面短文有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（＾）.并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉， 修改：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词. 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分 例如： It was very nice to get your invitatio

38、n to spend ＾ weekend with you. Luckily the I was completely free then, so I'll to say "yes". I'll arrive in Bristol at moid 8 : 00 p. m. am in Friday evening. on Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and 1 rented for a car. Unfortunate, 1 had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to

39、 stay in a hospital for at least two week. I called my parents, so 1 did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how 1 was enjoying Braz

40、il. As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do. 2.【2020 全国新课标】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除 或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多

41、者（从第11处起）不计分。 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new to

42、ys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.

43、 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From less the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I toys was happy when the toys worked, but when things did ∧wrong, I got angry and went/go broke it. For a while ∧ parents bou

44、ght me new toys. But before long they began them my to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my what tore father said, "That's it. No more toys to you." My punishment lasted a year. for Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last

45、. could/might My attitude changed from then on. 3.【2020 重庆改编】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除 或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Dear Grandpa, How ar

46、e you those days? I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fall asleep. We often went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant

47、view there. You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. Gradually, I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study and the findings will be use as materials for our re

48、search. Since we’ll do the study in our hometown, I hope to see you by then. Yours, Daisy 第一节 短文改错 Dear Grandpa, How are you those days? I have

49、been missing you very 76. these much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of 77. since the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I 78. happy was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories 79. a till I fall asleep. We o

50、ften went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant 80. fell view there. You told me the name of different plants and their 81. names characteristies. Gradually, I became interesting in biology 82. interested and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. Now 83. into

51、 my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study 84. is and the findings will be use as materials for our research. Since 85. used we’ll do the study in our homewown, I hope to see you by then. Yours, Daisy 4.【2020 四川改编】

52、 Dear Mom, Mother’s Day is coming. I’m sorry that I am abroad and can’t send your flowers, so I’m writing to you. Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to you before. But on today, at this special time, I just want to tell you loudly: I love you, Mom! Thank you so much by not o

53、nly giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. Thank you for all you had done for me. Mom, though I may often say it, I do love you. Nobody can take your part in my heart. Whenever I am, I will always love you. Hope you good health and much happiness every day!

54、 Your little girl, Jennifer 【答案与解析】 66. 正确。 67. your改为you。考查代词。此处动词send接双宾语，应使用宾格形式，构成短语send sb. sth.。 68. thank改为thanks。考查名词单复数。“表达感谢”应为：express one’s thanks。 69. 去掉on。考查介词。在副词today之前不

55、用介词，故去掉。 70. by改为for。考查介词。Thank sb. for…为固定短语“因…而感谢”。 71. teach改为teaching。考查非谓语动词。此处是but连接的用于介词之后的并列的动名词形式。 72. had改为have。考查动词时态。全篇文章属于现在的时态，故将过去完成时改为现在完成时。 73. may后加not。考查句意。句意为：妈妈，虽然我可能没有经常说，但我确实很爱你。 74. Whenever改为Wherever。考查连词。根据句意：无论我在哪里，我总是爱你的。 75. Hope改为Wish。考查动词辨析。动词hope后不能接双宾语，应用wish符合

56、语境和语法规则。 5.【2020 陕西】 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（A )，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\ )划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线（一），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we v

57、isit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also

58、shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing. visit-visited【答案与解析】根据时间状语last month可知本句时态是一般过去时，故动词用过去式。 but-so

59、/and【答案与解析】前后文是顺延或因果关系，故连词用and或so。 to去掉【答案与解析】anywhere是指地点的副词，其前不用介词。 comfortably-confortable【答案与解析】修饰名词room，应用形容词。 were-was【答案与解析】what引导的主语从句做主语，其意思是单数，故系动词were改为was。 for –with【答案与解析】动词share常与介词with构成搭配，意思是：和某人分享。 taking-taken【答案与解析】非谓语动词作后置定语，与所修饰词是被动关系，故用过去分词。 dish-dishes【答案与解析】由several修饰，名

60、词应用复数。 such ∧great-a【答案与解析】hotel是可数名词单数，第一次提到，前需加不定冠词。 me-mine【答案与解析】双重所有格的构成是of +名词性物主代词或名词所有格。 6.【2020辽宁】 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 假定英主事课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请您修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语文错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜钱（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的

61、词。 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只充许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Dear Diana, Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind tor you to let us bring Anne's friend. Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a resu

62、lt, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park Gina nearly got knocked over as a car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parent

63、s' and made our own way to home. 1．第1句have→had【解析】由后面的was可知，这儿应该用过去时态。 2. 第2句 for→of【解析】It’s kind of you为固定用法。 3. 第3句 Unfortunate→Unfortunately【解析】这儿用副词作状语。 4. 第4句 for→as【解析】as a result固定搭配。 5. 第4句 mile→miles【解析】mile是可数名词，并且前面是six. 6. 第5句 unless→until【解析】这儿后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是我们一直等到路通了。 7. 第6句

64、 here→there【解析】叙述的是别的地方发生的事，所以用there. 8. 第6句 car前加a【解析】car不是特指，并且是可数名词，所以前面要加a. 9. 第7句 they→we【解析】叙述的是我们做的事，所以用we. 10. 第7句去掉to【解析】make one’s way home中home为副词，所以前面不用介词to。 B组 2020年全国高考题组 1．【2020浙江】 第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上

65、该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11除起）不计分。 例如： It was very nice to get your invitation to spend ∧weekend with you. Luckily I was The am completely free then, so I’ll to say

66、 “yes”, I’ll arrive in Bristol at around 8:00 p.m in Friday on evening. I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular I’d always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I would always know I’d done something wrong. L