牛津译林版英语八年级(上册)《比较级与最高级》语法专讲(共5页)

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1、比较级与最高级语法专讲 形容词分为三种等级:原级,比较级与最高级。 一、形容词的原级及用法 ◆形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化) 1.表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较 2.可以修饰原级的词: very quite enough(“足够”,用在形容词后) so pretty too how rather(相当) (not) as…as (“(不)像…一样”,同级比较) not so…as (“不像…一样”,同级比较) e.g. How happy we are! 我们多么高兴啊！ Thi

2、s ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子和那把一样长。(变否定句) This ruler is not as/so long as that one. 二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则 ①单音节词比较级在词尾加er,最高级加est cold —colder —coldest tall —taller —tallest high —higher —highest long —longer —longest ②以字母e结尾的词只加r或st nice —nicer —nicest

3、late —later —latest fine —finer —finest ③重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或est big —bigger —biggest hot —hotter —hottest wet — wetter —wettest thin —thinner —thinnest red—redder —reddest fat —fatter —fattest sad —sadder —saddest ④以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或est easy — easier — easiest

4、 early — earlier — earliest funny — funnier — funniest happy — happier — happiest heavy— heavier — heaviest dirty — dirtier — dirtiest ⑤多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加more或most interesting important difficult excitied tired careful popular exp

5、ensive boring fun ⑥不规则变化 little — less — least good / well — better — best bad / ill / badly —— worse —— worst many / much —— more —— most old —— older —— oldest (年龄大的,与than连用) old — elder — eldest(“年长的”,只作定语不与than连用) far —— farther —— farthest (距离远) far —— fu

6、rther —— furthest (除距离外,还指程度上更进一步的) ◆副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同 三、比较级用法 1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更…” 2.可以修饰比较级的词: much = a lot (…得多) a little = a bit (…一点点) even (甚至) far (远远…) any (丝毫,稍微, 用于否定和疑问句中) 3.比较级标志: than or 4.形容词比较级句式: ①A + be + 形容词的比较级 + than + B. (A比B…

7、) ②Which/Who +be +形容词比较级, A or B? (哪个/谁更…, A 还是B？) 练习写出下列句子 凯特很瘦。 凯特和玛丽谁更瘦？ 玛丽比凯特更瘦。 玛丽比凯特更瘦吗？是的,她是。 这个书包和这个箱子不一样沉。 这个书包和这个箱子哪个更沉？ 这个箱子比书包更沉。 5.副词比较级句式:①A＋实义动词＋副词的比较级＋than B. (A…得比B…) ②Which/Who +实义动词三单, A or B? (哪个/谁…得更…, A还是B？) 练习写出下列句

8、子 自行车和轿车哪个走得快？ 轿车比自行车走得快。 这只羊和这只狗跑得不一样快。 这只羊比狗跑得快吗？ 吉姆比汤姆上床睡觉早。 (上句同义句) ___________________________________________ 6.比较级特殊用法: ①the +比较级+of the two… —— “两者中较…的” 他是两个男孩中较高的。He’s the taller of the two boys. ②“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +多音节词” —— “越来越…” 他越来越高。 He’s taller and tal

9、ler. 英语越来越重要 English is more and more important. ③The+比较级…, the+比较级… —— “越…, 越…” 你越快乐就越美丽。The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. ④not +比较级+than… —— “不如…, 不比…” no +比较级+than… —— “一样都不…” You are not taller than me. 你不比我高。 You are no taller than me. 你和我一样都不高。 ⑤比较级+t

10、han any other +sig.+in+同一范围 —— “比同一范围中其他任何一个更…” 比较级+than any +sig.+in+非同一范围 ——“比非同一范围中任何一个更…” She’s nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。 (主语本身就在比较范围之中,因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较) She’s nicer than any girl in her sister’s class. 她比她妹妹班里任何一个女孩都漂亮。 (主语不在该较范围之中,因此主语可以与该范围内任何

11、一个作比较) ◆该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。 四、最高级用法 1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最…” 2.形容词最高级前必须加the,副词前的the可以省略。 3.最高级标志:in of or 4.句式:①the + 最高级 +(n.) + in +比较范围 我是我们班最聪明的。I’m the cleverest in our class. ②the + 最高级 +(n.) + of +同类事物 这本书是所有书中最有趣的。The book is

12、 the most interesting of all the books. ③Which/Who +v.(单数) +最高级, A, B or C? Jay, Will和JJ谁最收欢迎？ Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ? 五、例题解析与难点攻克 ◆主语为人时than后面的比较对象若用代词用主格还是宾格？ 请判断正误: 1. She looks nicer than I do. ( ) She looks nicer than I.

13、 ( ) She looks nicer than me. ( ) Notes:than可以作连词其后跟省略句,该省略句构成为(主格+助动词/be/情态动词),而谓语部分可省略; than还可以作介词在口语中跟人称代词宾格 ◆主语为物时的比较对象的一致性问题 2.Her hair is longer than her mother. ( ) Her hair is longer than her mother’s. ( ) 3.My bag is bigger than

14、you. ( ) My bag is bigger than your. ( ) My bag is bigger than your bag. ( ) My bag is bigger than yours. ( ) Notes:比较对象应与主语对等,当主语为限定词+n.时,than后的其比较对象可为: ①限定词+n. ②名词所有格(一般省略其后相同的名词) ③名词性物主代词(=形容词性物主代词+n.) mi

15、ne yours his hers its ours theirs 4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( ) The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( ) Notes:当主语有后置定语修饰时,为保证比较对象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比较对象。 ◆比较范围 5.The Changjing River is the longest ____ China. The Cha

16、ngjing River is the longest ____all the rivers in China. Notes:在最高级中,in后跟比较范围,of后跟进行比较的同类事物。 6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia( ) ◆同义句转换问题 7.He is taller than anyone else in the class. = He is taller ____

17、 ____ _____ student in the class. = He is taller _____ _____ ______ students in the class. = He is the ____ ____ student in the class. Notes:同一范围内比较 比较级+than any other +sig.+in =比较级+than anyone else +in… =比较级+than the other +pl.+in… (只有同一范围比较才能出现other/else) 非同一范围内比较 比较级+than any+sig.

18、+in… 8. This coat is more expensiver than that one. = That coat is ________ than this one. = That coat isn’t _____ big _____ this one. Notes: A+v.+比较级+than+B (A比B更…) = B+v.+比较级反义词+than+A (B 比A更…) = B+v.+not as(so)… as… (B与A不一样…) ◆“less+多音节词原级+than…” “不如…” — 降级比较

19、 = That coat is less expensive than this one. Self Check 1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed ____ tonight. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later 2.The food of our country is ___ than that of western countries. A.rather good than B.much better t

20、han C.more better than D.so goos as 3.The ice in the lake is as ____ as it was before. A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest Dthe thinnest 4.Who is _____ running star in your school? A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous D.less famous 5.—Which season do you like _____?

21、 —Summer. A.good B.well C.the better D.best 6.Lucy’s pen is ___ nicer than yours. A.too B.more C.quite D.a little 7.—Is your brother as outgoing as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is ________. A.less outgoing than me B.not so calm as I C.more outgo

22、ing than me D.as outgoing as I 8.—How are you today? —Much ____. A.good B.well C.better D.the best 9.Tom’s card is newer than ____. A.our B.her C.my D.his 10.___ is more beautiful than roses. A. No other flower B. No another flower C. Not other f

23、lower D. Not all flowers 11.Mary studies harder ______ in her class. A. as any one B. than any other girl C. than the other D. than anyone 1.He is 3 times as _____(old) as me. 2.I’m too tired to go any _________.(far) 3.Who is _____, Lily or Lucy? 4.Tom is the _______(heavy) of t

24、he three. 5.Tom is the _______ of the two boys. 6.Russia is _______(large) than any other country in the world. 7.His computer is the _______________(expensive) of all. 8.You are pretty ___________(beautiful). 9.The book is ____________(useful) than that one. 10.Who’s the _________(healthy) ,

25、you, he or she? 11.How ______(small) the shirt is! I want a ________ (big) one. 12.You have _______(short) and ______(curly) hair than Susan. 13.Is this street a lot ______(noisy) than that one? 14.I feel much _____________(excited) now. 15.Soccer is becoming _____ and ______ _________(popalar)

26、 in China. 16.My sister doesn’t write as _____(good) as I do. 17.The ______(much) you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be. 18.No other animal is _______(scary) than a snake. 19.Math is less ________(difficult) than English. 20.What a _______(funny) boy! 21.You’re _______(bad) at

27、sports than me. 22.It’s the third _______ (long) river in China. 1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag. (合并) My bag is _____ than ______. 2.You are funny. He’s funny, too. (合并) You are ______ funny _____ him. 3.Tom is thinner than Sam. (同义句) =Sam is ______ than Tom. =Sam isn’t as

28、______ as Tom. 4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. (合并) He is _____ quite _____ I. 5.They’re tall. You’re tall. too.But I’m taller than anyone else. (合并) I’m _____ ______ of all.1. 若不给自己设限，则中就没有限制你发挥的藩篱。2. 若不是心宽似海，哪有人生风平浪静。在纷杂的尘世里，为自己留下一片纯静的心灵空间，不管是潮起潮落，也不管是阴晴圆缺，你都可以免去浮躁，义无反顾，勇往直前，轻松自如地走好人生路上的每一步3. 花一些时间，总会看清一些事。用一些事情，总会看清一些人。有时候觉得自己像个神经病。既纠结了自己，又打扰了别人。努力过后，才知道许多事情，坚持坚持，就过来了。4. 岁月是无情的，假如你丢给它的是一片空白，它还给你的也是一片空白。岁月是有情的，假如你奉献给她的是一些色彩，它奉献给你的也是一些色彩。你必须努力，当有一天蓦然回首时，你的回忆里才会多一些色彩斑斓，少一些苍白无力。只有你自己才能把岁月描画成一幅难以忘怀的人生画卷。