机电外文文献翻译--PLC使用虚拟仪器的实际应用【中文2940字】【中英文WORD】

机电外文文献翻译--PLC使用虚拟仪器的实际应用【中文2940字】【中英文WORD】,中文2940字,中英文WORD,机电,外文,文献,翻译,PLC,使用,虚拟仪器,实际,应用,中文,2940,中英文,WORD PLC 使用虚拟仪器的实际应用 摘要:研究 13 个不同的功能(VIs)的设计和测试，这些包括：单输入单输出， 单个输入双输出，门闩输出，定时器，计数器,逻辑功能，小于、大于、等于的 功能，异或函数、复合函数和移位寄存器。在研究结束时，为便于说明，对 7 天茶制造系统，电动气动驱动系统及其模拟进行了开发和测试。实验结果显示基 于 PLC 的控制和基于虚拟 PLC 的程序结果之间完全重合。 关键词:功能、虚拟仪器、梯形图、PLC、模拟。 引言 今天，传统 PLC 在大多数装置中仍在使用，但基于 windows 的个人电脑使 用虚拟仪器软件(Abuzalata et al .，2010；艾莉雅 et al .，2011)越来越成为新安装 的首选控制机制。PLC 控制行业已经成为一个最喜欢的工具是由于它的简单性, 强大的 I / O 接口和性能可靠博尔顿(2006、1999)。传统的 PLC 系统被证明是信 息壁垒企业级数据访问。一个可添加的 PLC 固有的特有设计限制了数据访问的 原因，如有限的内存，编程语言的本质(继电器梯形逻辑)和数据访问，PLC 内部 的数据存储在一个数据表和访问数据表位置。PLC 的一个重要特性是一个标准的 PLC)一次只能执行一个程序， 而以工业计算机能够以任何顺序同时执行多个程 序或任务。另外两个重要的 PLC 的缺点可能也要注意到：第一种是 PLC 的寄存 器访问是在一个令人惊讶的低层次上大多数的莫里斯（ 1982）和特拉维斯和克 林（ 2006）执行。第二个是，我们如果将梯子逻辑和主机计算机程序都写入 PLC 寄存器，会有一个明显的冲突。相反，所有寄存器应该是单向的，也就是说无论 PLC 写入他们或上位机程序都是一样的。与 PLC 相比,工控机具有几乎无限的内 存，相比传统 PLC。虚拟仪器很容易保持良好的体系结构的应用程序因为封装和 模块化是容易实现通过使用子 vi 来实现。 基于上述研究的目的是为了说明不同的 PLC 功能的设计,以使用虚拟仪器作为实际应用 环境。 9 等效 PLC /虚拟仪器的梯图 在表 1 中，梯形图梯级用于 PLC，西门子（S7-200）软件及其等价物使用 LabVIEW 从单输入，单输出（继电器），如本例托马斯（2002 年）。 七天茶制造系统 七天茶制造系统的操作 茶壶的运行需要以下序列：在早上适当的时候关闭和启动时间开关周期。阀 V1 被打开，水填充水壶Ķ直到浮动开关 FS 操作。这将关闭阀 V1，并在釜加热 元件 E 交换机水沸腾并经营温控器 TH。这个关掉元素 E 和交换机上的阀 V2。 热水流入茶壶和 V2 必须关闭时，茶壶已满。报警铃声响起，通知用户用茶。 该系统依赖于用户更换茶壶，每星期装满茶，每天供用户取茶。所列出的顺 序是“程序规范”。 输入和输出：虚拟仪器是用来代替 PLC 控制这个系统，众所周知，PLC 的 输入和输出之前必须确定一个程序的设计。在制作茶水应用程序中，输入和输出 是什么呢? 输入：他们从传感器、信号/信息通知了 PLC(虚拟仪器程序)所发生的什么系 统被控制。输入告诉 PLC(虚拟仪器程序)是怎么一回事。开关、温控器、传感器 等，都是输入设备。 输出：它们是由 PLC（LabVIEW 程序）发出执行任务（一般要求功率）的 命令。输出设备必须被告知何时学习，如水泵，电磁阀，灯等。 输出设备：图 7 天茶制造系统在图 1 说明了系统的操作。 指的是茶制造系统来识别每个元素作为输入或输出设备，给它一个独特的识别， 如表 2 所示。 7 天茶制造系统计划：由于虚拟仪器是用来代替 PLC 来控制该系统，然后设 计 PLC 的程序，应用 PLC 西门子(s7 - 200)软件，然后使用虚拟仪器软件。 说明 西门子 PLC s7 - 200 虚拟仪器 1 -单输入、单输出(继电器) 2 -两个输入、单输出 3 -单 onput 两个输出 4 -锁存器输出 5 -计时器 6 -计数器 7 -移位寄存器 8 -平等的比较函数 9 -少功能 10 -大于或等于函数 11 -异或函数 12 -添加功能表 13 -门闩计时器和内部继电器 表 1：使用虚拟仪器功能为 PLC 及 其等价物 图 1：图 7 天茶制造系统 图 2：西门子 7 天茶制造系统的梯形图 图 3：虚拟仪器的梯形图 7 天茶制造系统 图 4：虚拟仪器仿真 7 天茶制造系统 无法识别 装置 信号 可控制编程 虚拟仪器 输入 定时自动开 关 Ts 1 10.0 Ts 浮动开关 Fs 2 10.1 Fs 恒温器 Th 3 10.2 Th 输入 数值 V1 1 Q0.0 V1 E 2 Q0.1 E V2 3 Q0.2 V2 B 4 Q0.3 B 表 2：输入/输出的 7 天茶制造系统 •PLC 梯形图，如图 2 所示，7 天茶制造系统程序的梯形图使用西门子 PLC s7 - 200)所示的软件图 2。 •虚拟仪器阶梯图：如图所示图 3 的梯形图 7 天茶制造系统程序使用虚拟仪 器。 •7 天茶制造系统使用实验室——模拟观点：如图 4 所示的模拟 7 -天茶制造 商使用虚拟仪器软件。 装置 信号 可控制编程 虚拟仪器 输入 开按钮 on 1 10.0 on 关按钮 off 2 10.1 off 限位开关 ls 3 10.2 ls 复位计数器 r 4 10.3 r 输出 电磁阈值 sv 1 Q0.0 sv 表 3：气缸系统的输入/输出 图 5：西门子气缸的梯形图 气动缸系统 气压缸的操作：操作的气缸阀门艾莉雅 et al。(2011)需要以下步骤：初始化 操作按钮上的外部或内部的软件，电磁阀 SV 和移动油缸前进方向。气缸接触到 限位开关 LS 时，定时器 T1 将被激活。T1 的时间值结束后，SV 回到关闭状态 和电磁阀返回到原来的位置。这使得两个定时器 T2 导通,T1 关闭，计数器 C1 增 加 1。 T2 的时间值结束后，SV 被激活，并在气缸移动到再次前进方向。该过程一 直继续，直到计数器达到它的值，则操作会自动关闭。用户可以在任何时候关闭 操作的外部按钮或内部的软件,用户也可以从外部打开操作按钮。 图 6：虚拟仪器气缸的梯形图系统 图 7：虚拟仪器仿真的气缸 图 8：光耦合器与光电晶体管输出 输入和输出的气压缸：将使用虚拟仪器代替 PLC 控制系统。众所周知，PLC 的输入和输出之前必须确定一个程序的设计。参照该气动缸系统，我们可以识别 每 个 元 素 作 为 输 入 或 输 出 设 备 ， 并 给 它 一 个 独 特 的 识 别 如 表 3 所 示 。 图 9：气缸的硬件电路 气缸计划：由于虚拟仪器而不是使用 PLC 控制系统,首先设计程序使用 PLC， PLC 西门子(s7 - 200)软件如图 5 所示。 使用虚拟仪器软件如图 6 所示。 •气缸的 PLC 梯形图 •虚拟仪器气动的梯形图油缸 图 6 显示了气动的油缸系统梯形图 气缸模拟使用虚拟仪器：图 7 说明了模拟气动气缸使用虚拟仪器软件应用程 序。 气缸硬件：它包含多通道光电耦合器与光电晶体管输出（人民币 4-2），图中 所示的引脚连接。 8 - BD237 NPN 晶体管，电阻器 920Ω，440KΩ-2 个按键， LED 灯 -24 V DC 电源-4/2 电磁阀，双作用气缸，行程开关-DAQ 板卡这项研究 涉及以下 DIO（。数字输入输出）通道的数据采集板，表 4，代表这些引脚 如图 9 所示，硬件的电路结构。电路包括两部分，第一部分是光耦合器，隔 离板从采集高电磁线圈的电流，数字通道 5 板激活采集光耦合器及其输出激活第 二部分(功率晶体管)。第二部分的目的是给合适的电流电磁(Suitablesignal 调节)。 功率晶体管的输出激活电磁阀(Alia et al 。，2011)。 表 4:戴奥频道 符号 通道 引脚数 状态（I/O） 程序 DIO5 51 输出 sv DIO2 49 输入 ls DIO4 19 输入 on DIO0 52 输入 off 结论 使用虚拟仪器环境，13 个不同的虚拟横梁设计和测试。应用同样的方法可 以设计一套完整的 PLC 功能以实现可编程的基于 PC 的虚拟 PLC。在这种情况 下，虚拟 PLC 将获得基于 pc 的控制的优点。 参考文献 Abuzalata， M.K.，M。A。K。Alia，S。Asad and M。 Salahat，2010。设 计一个虚拟 PLC 使用实验室视图，学者 Appl。科学。英。 学报，2（3）：283-288 Alia， M.A.K.，T. Yunis and M.K. Abuzalata,，等效虚拟仪器开发 PLC 功能 12 和网络。Eng 。j 。软件。4:172 - 180。 博尔顿，W。，1999 年。机电一体化在机械工程电子控制系统。第二版。英 国，大英图书馆。 博尔顿，W。，2006 年。可编程序逻辑控制器。第四版。英国，大英图书馆。 莫里斯 M。M。，1982 年。计算机系统体系结构。淡江大学、新泽西。 托马斯，L。F。，2002 年。数字基本，第 6 版。普伦蒂斯·霍尔，新泽西州。 特拉维斯，j·j·克林，2006。虚拟仪器为每个人：图形化编程简单和有趣。 第三版。普伦蒂斯·霍尔，新泽西州。 本 文 摘 自 — — Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(24): 5677-5682, 2013 A Practical Applications of Virtual PLC using LabVIEW Software Abstract: In this study thirteen different functions (VIs) are designed and tested .These include, single input single output, single input two outputs, latch outputs, timer, counter, logic function, less, greater and equal functions, XOR function, compound function and shift register. At the end of the study, for illustration purposes, the 7-day tea maker, electro-pneumatic drive system and their simulation were developed and tested. Results of experiment show complete coincidence between the PLC-based control and Virtual PLC-based program results. Keywords: Functions, LabVIEW, Ladder diagram, PLC, Simulation INTRODUCTION Today, traditional PLCs are still in use at most plants, but windows-based PCs using the LabVIEW software (Abuzalata et al., 2010; Alia et al., 2011) are increasingly becoming the preferred control mechanism for new installations. PLCs have become a favorite tool in the control industry because of their simplicity, robust I/O interface and reliable performance Bolton (2006, 1999). Traditional PLC systems have proven to be information barriers to enterprise-wide data access. One may add that the inherent proprietary design of PLCs has limited data access for a number of reasons, such as the limited amount of memory, the nature of programming language (Relay Ladder Logic) and the data access, where data inside the PLC is stored in a data table and accessed by data table location. An important feature of PLCs is that a standard PLC executes only a single program at a time, while an industrial computer is capable of executing several programs or tasks simultaneously in any order. Another two important PLC drawbacks may be noted also: The first one is that PLC register access is performed at a surprisingly low level on most PLCs Morris (1982) and Travis and Kring (2006). The second one is that if the ladder logic and the host computer program both write to a PLC register, we have an obvious conflict. Instead, all registers should be one-way, that is, either the PLC writes to them or the host computer program does. In contrast to PLCs, PCs have virtually unlimited memory, compared to traditional PLCs. LabVIEW makes it easy to maintain good architecture in the applications because encapsulation and modularity are easy to implement through the use of sub. VIs. Building on the above mentioned the aim of this study is to illustrate the design of different PLCs functions in order to be used as a practical applications using LabVIEW environment EQUIVALENT PLC/LABVIEW LADDER DIAGRAM In Table 1, the ladder diagram rungs for PLC,Siemens (S7-200) software and their equivalents using LabVIEW from Single Input, Single Output (Relay) as in the example Thomas (2002). THE 7-DAY TEA MAKER Operation of The 7-day tea maker The operation of the tea maker required the following sequences: The time switch closes at the appropriate time in the morning and initiates the cycle. Valve V1 is opened and water fills the kettle K until the float switch FS operates. This switches off valve V1 and switches on heating element E. Water in the kettle boils and operates thermostat TH. This switches off the element E and switches on valve V2. Hot water flows into the teapot and V2 must shut off when the teapot is full. An alarm bell rings to inform the user that the tea is made. The system relies upon the user to replace the teapot, complete with tea, every day and to fill up the tank each week. The sequence listed is a 'program specification'. Inputs and outputs: LabVIEW is to be used instead of PLC to control this system, as it is known that the inputs and outputs for the PLC have to be identified prior to the design of a program. In the tea maker application, what is the input and outputs? Inputs: They are signals/information from sensors, which inform the PLC (LabVIEW program) what happens to the system being controlled. Inputs tell the PLC (LabVIEW program) what is going on, 13 Outputs: They are commands issued by the PLC (LabVIEW program) to carry out a task (normally requiring power). Output devices have to be told when to study; as pumps, solenoid valves, lamps, etc. Output devices: The diagram for the 7-day tea maker in Fig. 1 illustrates the operation of the system. Referring to the tea maker system to identify each element as input or an output device and give it a unique identification as shown in Table 2. The 7-day tea maker program: Since LabVIEW is to be used instead of PLC to control this system and then design the program by the PLC, which is PLC Siemens (S7-200) software, then by LabVIEW software. Legend PLC Siemens (S7-200) LabVIEW 1- Single Input, Single Output (Relay) 2- Two input, single outputs 3- Single onput two outputs 4- Latch output 5- Timer 6- Counter 7- Shift register 8- Equal comparison function 9- Less function 10- Greater or equal function 11- XOR function 14 12- Add function 13- Latch timer and internal relay Table 1: Functions for PLC and their equivalents using LabVIEW Fig. 1: Diagram of the 7-day tea maker Fig. 2: Siemens ladder diagram of the 7-day tea maker Fig. 3: LabVIEW ladder diagram of the 7-day tea maker 19 Fig. 4: LabVIEW simulation of 7-day tea maker Table 2: Inputs/Outputs of the 7-day tea maker The PLC ladder diagram: As shown in Fig. 2, the ladder diagram of the 7-day tea maker program using PLC Siemens (S7-200) software is shown in Fig. 2. The LabVIEW ladder diagram: As shown in Fig. 3 the ladder diagram of the 7-day Tea maker program using is LabVIEW. The 7-day tea maker simulation using LabVIEW: As shown in Fig. 4 the simulation of the 7-day tea maker using LabVIEW software. Table 3: Input/Output of the pneumatic cylinder system Fig. 5: Siemens ladder diagram of the pneumatic cylinder Fig. 6: LabVIEW ladder diagram of the pneumatic cylinder system PNEUMATIC CYLINDER SYSTEM Operation of the pneumatic cylinder: The operation of the pneumatic cylinder valve Alia et al. (2011) requires the following steps: Initialize the operation by the external ON push button or the internal one in the software, the solenoid valve SV is works and moves the cylinder to forward direction. When the cylinder touches the limit switch LS, timer one T1 will be activated. After the time value of T1 is ended, the SV is returns to off state and the solenoid returns to the backward direction. This makes the timer two T2 to turn on, T1 off and the counter C1 increases by one.After the time value of the T2 ends, the SV is activated and the cylinder moves to forward direction again. The sequence is continued until the counter reaches its value, then the operation will be off automatically. The user can switch off the operation at any time by the external off push button or the internal one in the software, also the user can switch on the operation from the external on push button Fig. 7: LabVIEW simulation of the pneumatic cylinder Fig. 8: Optocoupler with phototransistor output Inputs and outputs of the pneumatic cylinder: LabVIEW will be used instead of PLC to control this system. As known, the inputs and outputs for the PLC have to be identified prior to the design of a program. Referring to the pneumatic cylinder system we can identify each element as input or output device and give it a uniqu identification as shown in Table 3. Fig. 9: The hardware circuit of the pneumatic cylinder The pneumatic cylinder program: Since LabVIEW is to be used instead of PLC to control this system, then firstly design the program using the PLC, which is PLC Siemens (S7-200) software as shown in Fig. 5, then using LabVIEW software as shown in Fig. 6. • PLC ladder diagram of the pneumatic cylinder: • LabVIEW ladder diagram of the pneumaticcylinder: Figure 6 shows the ladder diagram of the pneumatic cylinder system The pneumatic cylinder simulation using labVIEW: Figure 7 illustrates the simulation of the pneumatic cylinder application using LabVIEW software. The pneumatic cylinder hardware: It contains Multichannel Optocoupler with Phototransistor Output (CNY 4-2), its pin connections shown in Fig. 8- BD 237 npn Transistor-Resistors 920 Ω, 440 KΩ- 2 Push Buttons-LEDs-24 V DC Power Supply-4/2 Solenoid Valve, Double Acting Cylinder, Limit Switch-DAQ board .this study dealt with the following DIO (Digital Input Output) channel in the DAQ board, Table 4, represents these pins. As shown in Fig. 9, the construction of the hardware circuit. The electrical circuit includes two parts; first part is the optocoupler, which isolates the DAQ board from the high currents of the solenoid coil. Digital Channel 5 in the DAQ board activates the optocoupler and its output activates the second part (power transistor). The aim of the second part is to give the suitable current to solenoid (Suitablesignal conditioning). The output of the power transistor activates the solenoid valve (Alia et al., 2011). Table 4: DIO channels CONCLUSION Using LabVIEW environment, thirteen different virtual rungs have been designed and tested. Applying the same approach it is possible to design a complete set of PLC functions in order to realize programmable PC- based virtual PLC. In this case the virtual PLC will gain the advantages of PC-Based control. REFERENCES Abuzalata, M.K., M.A.K. Alia, S. Asad and M. Salahat, 2010. Design of a Virtual PLC using Lab View, Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2(3): 283-288. Alia, M.A.K., T. Yunis and M.K. Abuzalata, 2011. Development of equivalent virtual instruments To PLC functions and networks. J. Software Eng.Appl., 4: 172-180. Bolton, W., 1999. Mechatronics Electronic Control System in Mechanical Engineering. 2nd Edn., British Library, Britain. Bolton, W., 2006. Programmable Logic Controllers. 4th Edn., British Library, Britain. 21 Morris, M.M., 1982. Computer System Architecture. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Thomas, L.F., 2002. Digital Fundamental. 6th Edn., Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Travis, J. and J. Kring, 2006. LabVIEW for Everyone: Graphical Programming Made Easy and Fun. 3rd Edn., Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 教师评语 教师签名： 20 年 月 日