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1、 (1 )HewasanAmerican humorist,satirist,lecturerandwriter. (2 )TwainismostnotedforhisnovelsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,whichhassincebeencalledtheGreatAmericanNovel,andtheAdventuresofTomSawyer.Heisalsoknownforhisquotations.Duringhislifetime,Twainbecameafriendtopresidents,artists,industrialistsandEurop
2、eanroyalty.马克吐温(MarkTwain)(原名：SamuelLanghorneClemens) AlthoughMarkTwainswealthisnotmuch,hisgreathumor,witandreputation,knownasoneofthemostfamouspeopleintheUnitedStates,hasbeenhonouredasthe“Americanliterarygiant”,goodatwritingsatiricalnovels.HehasbeenhailedassecondLincolninthehistoryofAmericanliterat
3、ure. IlikeMarkTwain-whodoesnotlikehim?EvenGod,willlovehim,givenhiswisdom,andhissoulinapainting.-HelenKeller 马克吐温的四大名著哈克贝利费恩历险记 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn汤姆索亚历险记 Adventures of Tom Sawyer败坏了哈德莱堡的人 The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg苦行记 Roughing It ItisthestoryabouttheboyTomSawyer,wholivesinAmericain
4、thefirsthalfofthe1 9 thcentury,andhiseverydaylifeandthemischiefhemakes. Itwaspublishedin1 8 7 6 . TheAdventuresofTomSawyerisregardedastheclassicstorydicpictingchildrenslivesinAmericaandhasbeenpopolarinthetime. Adventures of Tom Sawyer Itwaswrittenbeforethecivilwar,thedescriptionofthetownST.Petersbur
5、gistheminiatureAmericansocietyatthattimeinfact. Theadventuresofprotagonistssatirizedandcriticizedvulgarcustoms,hypocriticalAmericanreligiousritualsandinflexiblestaleschooleducation.Thenovelascheerfulasdescribesthechildrenfreeandlivelymind.TheadventuresofTomSawyerbecameoneofthegreatestliteraryworksan
6、dtheUnitedStatesgildedageofruralpastoral. Itdescribedthedecadentbourgeoislife-styleandthesinsofslaverybyachildsview.Avividsociallifescenesandwittyhumorwordsinthenovelmakethereadersloveit.Outstandingideologicalcontentanduniqueartisticcreativitymakeitamasterpiece. ItisviewedastheoriginofAmericanlitera
7、ture. AmericanCivilWar1 8 6 1 .4 .1 2 1 8 6 5 .4 .9 EconomicSystem Labour Leader Propositionforwesternregion ResultNorth（UnitedStatesofAmerica）capitalisteconomy Workers AbrahamLincoln developcapitalisteconomylimitorevenbantheexpansionofslavery Wonabolishthes l a v e r ysystemSouth（theConfederateStat
8、esofAmerica）plantation blackslaves generalLee Trytoextendt h e s l a v e r ysysteminthe westeventhecountry Failed TheCaliforniaGoldRush(1 8 4 8 1 8 5 5 ) BeganonJanuary2 4 ,1 8 4 8 ,whengoldwasdiscoveredbyJamesMarshallatSuttersMillinColoma,California. Newsofthediscoverysoonspread,resultinginsome3 0
9、0 ,0 0 0 men,women,andchildrencomingtoCaliforniafromtherestoftheUnitedStatesandabroad.ThentheGoldRushattractedtensofthousandsfromLatinAmerica,Europe,AustraliaandAsia. Gold,worthbillionsoftodaysdollarswasre-covered,whichleadtogreatwealthforafew. However,manyreturnedhomewithlittlemorethantheystartedwi
10、th. TheeffectsoftheGoldRushPositiveaboomtown lawssteamshipsrailroad s agovernmentagriculture Negative NativeAmericanswereattacked; Theypushedofftraditionallands; Goldminingcausedenvironmentalharm. lMarshall lMarshallwasthefirstpersonwhofoundgold,howeverhedidntrichintheAmerica-shakinggoldrushandwasst
11、rapped.Laterhediedinthisshabbylittlehouse.Itisironic. TheGildedAge: TheGildedAge:ATaleofTodayisanovelbyMarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarnerin1 8 7 3 . MarkTwainandCharlesDudleyWarnergotthenameTheGildedAgefromShakespearesKingJohn(1 5 9 5 ):Togildrefinedgold,topaintthelily.iswastefulandridiculousexcess. Throughthedescriptionofanentrepreneurandpolitician,itexposesthewesternspeculators,entrepreneursandgovernmentofficialsintheeasternpartwhichplunderedwealthofthestateandpeople. Afterwards,peopleusethegildedagetodescribetheAmericanhistoryfromtheendoftheCivilWartotheendofthe1 9 thcentury.
高级英语第六课马克吐温背景知识
