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1、*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,第二讲 冠词的基本用法,冠词是用在名词前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，是泛,,指还是特指的词。冠词是一种虚词。 冠词分不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词。,,a, an,是不定冠词，,the,是定冠词。,an, a,是不定冠词，仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调,,数目观念。,a,用在以辅音指辅音音素）开头的词前，,an,用在以元音（指元素音素）,,开头的词前，如：,a boy an hour a history cl
2、ass an island a university an elephant a hero an old man,不定冠词的用法：,,,1.,表示人或事物的某一类,A plane is a machine that can fly.,,2.,表示某一类人或事物中的任何一个。,This is an apple.,,3.,泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人何物。,A comrade is waiting for you downstairs.,,4.,表示“一个”的意思,He
3、will be back in a day or two.,,5.,有时也表示“每”的意思,,,We have three meals a day.,我们一日三餐,.,,We have six classes a day.,我们一天上六节课。,,如果把不定冠词后的名词变为复数，只把不定冠词去掉还不,,行，还得补上一个数词或不定代词（,some, any,）,The plan will be ready in a few days.,,这是因为“一个”或“某个”变为复数时，就成为“几个”或“某几个”,,的缘故。,,,,定冠词的用法,,定冠词,the,具有确定的意思，用以特指人或事物，表示名词所指
4、的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。用在以辅音音素开头的词前读,[ð? ],，用在以元音音素开头的词前读,[,ði,] ,,在特别强调时读,[,ði,:],。,1.,特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。,Give me the book. Did you hear the talk given by,Mr,Li? How do you like the film. Have you got the letter?,,2.,指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。,Where is the tea
5、cher? Open the door.,,3.,复述上文提过的人或事物。,,,I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.,,4.,世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙）,The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. the globe, the universe. the atmosphere,大气层,,5.,用在方位名词前,in the south, in the west ,in the north,,,6.,用在序数词
6、或形容词最高级前,The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is the tallest one in our class.,,7,、表示两者间“较,……,的一个”时用定冠词,The older of the two noblemen took a light. He is the taller of the two boys.,,8.,用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或事物。,The horse is a useful animal.,,9.,定冠词用在形容词前，表示一类人或东西。,The rich,
7、the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf,,10.,冠词可用在党派、阶级、民族名词前,The Chinese people,中华民族,The working class,工人阶级,The Communist Party,,11,、用在姓氏的复数形式前表示一家人，或这一姓的夫妇二人。,The,Lius,live upstairs. The Johns are watching TV.,,12,、在乐器前加,the,the,piano the violin,,13,、在习惯性短语中,in the morning in the afternoon,,14,、在人或物后有
8、限定性的后置定语,The man standing by the gate is Li,Feng,.,,15,、代替所有格代词，表示人体的一部分,He received a blow on the head,他头上挨了一击。,John’s brother took him by the hand.,约翰的哥哥牵着他的手。,,16,、在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。,In the 1980s,或,in the 1980’s 20,世纪,80,年代,in the nineteenth century,二十世纪,,17.,专有名词前冠词的用法,,1.,在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前,th
9、e,Changjang,River,长江,the Pacific Ocean,太平洋,,2.,在含有普通名词构成的专有名词前用,the,。,the Great Wall,长城,the United States,美国,,3.,在某些建筑物前,the Great Hall of the People,人民大会堂,,4.,在某些组织机构前,the United Nations,联合国,,5.,节日名,New Year’s Day,新年，元旦,Thanksgiving Day,感恩节,,,但我国的节日前用定冠词,,the Spring Festival,春节,the Mid-Autumn Festi
10、val,中秋节,,,但也有一些专有名词前不加冠词,,,,街名：,Wang Fu Jing Street,王府井大街,,广场名：,Tian,An Men Square,天安门广场,,公园名：,Bei,,Hai,Park,北海公园,,大学名：,Zhejiang University,浙江大学 但也可说,the University of Zhejiang,零冠词的用法,1.,在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词,The desk is made of wood.,,2.,专有名词前不加冠词,Canada, Beijing,，,Lei,Feng,,,3.,名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格
11、修饰时,this,，,my,，,that,，,those,，,these,，,her,,4,、月份，星期，季节前不用冠词,Sunday March summer winter,,5,、在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词,Horses are useful animals.,,6,、当一个名词用作表语，同位语补足语来表示某人在当时或现刻的职位或头衔时，前面不用冠词。,,,He is chairman of the Students’ Union.,他是学生会主席。,They elected him president of the U.S.,他们选他当美国总统。 这里指的职位大体是指独一的
12、职位，“主席”、“主任”都只有一个，如不是独一的要加不定冠词。,,7,、在三餐前不用冠词。,I have breakfast at 7 every day.,,,如这些词前有形容词修饰可用不定冠词。,I had a good lunch yesterday.,,8,、在球类，棋类名词前不用冠词。,Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess,※,抽象名词，物质名词前不用冠词，但后有定语修饰加,the,。,He is fond of music. The music of the film is very beautiful. Science is making rapid progress in China.,科学正在中国飞速发展。,Physics is the science of matter and energy.,物理学是物质和能量的科学。,,
专升本考试 GRAMMAR 第二讲 冠词的用法
