成考名词与冠词

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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,英语名词与冠词,词类,语法（,Grammar,）,英语中的词,名词,可数名词和不可数名词。Eg：water，milk。不可数的。,desk，chair，apple。可数的,可数名词的变形规则,一般是在单数名词后面直接加,S,：apple(苹果)-apple,s,orange(橘子)-orange,s,Student（学生）-student,s,book（书本）-book,s,table（桌子）-table,s,如果单数名词以,s,x,ch,sh

2、,tch,结尾的，变成复数时需要在名词后面加,es,:,bus(公共汽车)-bus,es,，brush(刷子)-brush,es,box(箱子)-box,es,，watch（手表）-watch,es,一般以,y,结尾的单数名字在变复数时要将,y,变成,i,再加,es:,country(国家)-countr,ies,，university（大学）-universit,ies,特殊情况：如果y前面是元音字母（,a,e,i,o,u,）的单数名词,y,不变直接加,s:,boy(男孩)-boy,s,，day(白天)-day,s，,toy(玩具)-toy,s,以,O,结尾的名词的变形：1.加,es,:ne

3、gro(黑奴)-negro,es,hero(英雄)-hero,es,，potato（土豆）-potato,es,tomato(西红柿)-tomato,es,2.加,s,:photo(照片)-photo,s,，kilo（千克）-kilo,s,radio(收音机)-radio,s,zoo(动物园)-zoo,s,以,f,或者,fe,结尾的单数名词变法：1.一般是把,f,或者,fe,变成,v,再加,es,：half（半）hal,ves,knife（小刀）kni,ves,leaf（叶子）lea,ves,wolf（狼）wol,ves,wife（妻子）wi,ves,life（生活，生命）li,ves,thi

4、ef（小偷）thie,ves,shelf(书架)shel,ves,2.有些加,s,:roof(屋顶)roof,s,safe(保险箱),safe,s,belief(信念，信仰)belief,s,Gulf(海湾)gulf,s,不规则单数名词的变法：,M,a,n(男人)-m,e,n wom,a,n(女人)-wom,e,n f,oo,t(脚)-f,ee,t t,oo,th(牙齿)-t,ee,th,Child(孩子)-child,ren,m,ouse,(老鼠)-m,ice,g,oo,se(鹅)-g,ee,se,形复意单：,News(新闻，消息)politics(政治)mathematics(数学)mea

5、ns(方法),形单意复：,People(人民)police(警察),单复数同形：Chinese，Japanese，sheep,复合词变复数：,son-in-law(女婿)-son-in-law,s,looker-on(旁观者)-looker,s,-on,tooth-brush(牙刷)-tooth-brush,es,m,a,n doctor(男医生)-m,e,n doctor,s,wom,a,n professor(女教授)-wom,e,n professor,s,汉语中可数英语中不可数：,furniture(家具)-a piece of furniture(一件家具),bread(面包)-a

6、loaf of bread(一个面包),形复数意也是复数：,trousers(裤子)goods(货物)clothes(衣服),练习,把下列名词变成复数。,1.ship,2.horse,3.bus,4.box,5.knife,6.country,7.boy,8.tomato,9.radio,10.hero,11.foot,12.leaf,13.policeman,14.child,15.man teacher,ships,horses,buses,boxes,knives,countries,boys,tomatoes,radios,heroes,feet,leaves,policemen,ch

7、ildren,men teachers,2.把下列词组翻译成英语,十个英雄,三台收音机,许多城市,两只脚,四个孩子,一双鞋,two feet,three radios,many cities,ten heroes,four children,a pair of shoes,名词所有格,有些表示时间、距离、自然现象、国家、城市、团体、机构、度量衡及价值等无生命东西的名词也可加s来构成所有格。如：,todays newspaper ten minutes ride,the worlds population Chinas industry,节日表达方式,New Years Day Womens D

8、ay,Childrens Day St.Valentines Day,名词所有格,表示无生命东西的名词，通常采用“of+名词”结构来表示。如the window of the room等；“of+抽象名词（importance，help,value,use)相当于对应的形容词，如of importance=important.,双重所有格,“of+s”结构或“of+名词性物主代词”叫做双重所有格。如：a friend of my fathers我父亲的一个朋友，a picture of mine我的一张照片。,双重所有格与of所有格的不同。如：,He is a friend of your h

9、usbands.他是你丈夫的一个朋友。（强调你丈夫的朋友不止一个）,He is a friend of your husband.他是你丈夫的朋友。（强调他对你丈夫的友好）,冠词（,articles）,冠词（,articles）,含义：冠词是一种,虚词,用在名词或名词词组的前面,表示名词是,特指还是泛指,。,不定冠词,a,an（,泛指）,定冠词,the（,特指）,零冠词,冠词,一,.a/an,用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示,一,_notebook _ old man,_useful book _ hour,遇到元音要施恩（,n,）,判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据,读音,而不是根据

10、字母。,二,.,笼统概念:,一类人或一种东西,1.,A bird can fly.,2._,（horse）is useful to mankind.,三,.,表示身份、职业,1.My mother is a teacher.,四,.,抽象名词具体化,1.The dictionary is,a great help,to us.,定冠词,the,一,.,用以,特指,某（些）人或某（些）事物,Do you know the man in back?,二,.,用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用,“a,或,an”,，以后再提到用,“the”,）,从前森林里住着一只狮子,.,每天这只狮子要小动物们

11、为他寻找食物。,1.Once there lived,a lion,in the forest.Every day,the lion,asked small animals to look for food for him.,1.,I bought,_,from Xinhua book-shop.,_,costs 15 yuan.,(book),2.,I saw,_,film yesterday.,_,was ended at eight oclock.,(film),三,.,表示世界上宇宙中,独一无二,的事物,the sun,太阳,the moon,月,地球,_,天空,_,世界,_,四,.,

12、用在序数词和形容词最高级前,1.January is,the first,month of the year.,一月份是一年当中的第一个月。,2.Shanghai is,the biggest,city in China.,上海是中国最大的城市,。,五,.,在姓氏复数前，表示一家人,The Bakers,came to see me yesterday.,贝克一家人昨天来看我。,六,.,指由普通名词构成的专有名词,联合国,the United Nations,美国,the United States,西湖,_,长城,_,七,.,表示方向、方位,in the east,在东方,in the we

13、st,在西方,in the front,在前面,at the back,在后面,in the bottom,在底部,at the top,在顶部,on the right,在右边,on the left,在左边,八,.,和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物,(,the+adj.,),the sick,病人,the good,好人,穷人,_,富人,_,美丽的事物,_,九,.,在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前,1.,We live near,the Yellow River,.,2.,The Changjiang River is,the biggest,one in

14、China.,十,.,用在,报刊,杂志,的名称的名词之前,I am reading the China Daily now,The Times is a foreign newspaper.,零冠词,一,.,在三餐，四季，月份，星期，节日前。球类运动,棋类游戏的名词之前不用冠词。,Christmas Day,在圣诞节,Thanksgiving Day,在感恩节,National Day,在,国庆节,May Day,在,劳动节,二,.,专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词之前一般不用冠词.,1.,I think,water,is a kind of food,too.,2.,Cotton,feels s

15、oft.,中国,_,欧洲,_,雷锋,_,三,.,语言的名称前不用冠词,Can you speak English?,固定搭配,乘船去学校,在正午,在晚上,在半夜,从早到晚,一点点,Exercise:,1.This is _ I have visited Beijing.,A)the second timeB)second time,C)second times D)the second times,2.We think horses _ useful animal.,A)the B)an C)/D)a,3.Every one of us has _ machine;_ machine is _

16、brain.,A)a thethe B)aaa,C)aathe D)theaa,4.Mary wants to become _.,A)the doctor B)one doctor,C)doctor D)a doctor,A D A D,Exercise:,5._ Chinese is an ancient language.,A)a B)that C)the D)/,6.He goes to work by _ every day.,A)the bus B)buses C)a bus D)bus,7.We stand up for(,支持,)_ good.,A)a B)an C)the D)/,8.He is_ great success as a teacher.,A)a B)an C)the D)/,D D C A,