财务管理”课程资料1课件

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1、1-,*,Financial Accounting,Accounting,Measures,Processes,Communicates,Financial information to decision makers,Decision Makers,Individuals,Businesses,Investors,Creditors,Taxing Authorities,Financial accounting,is primarily concerned with the recording and reporting of economic data and activities for

2、 a business for outside users.,Financial Accounting,Managerial accounting,uses both financial accounting and estimated data to aid management in running day-to-day operations and in planning future operations.,Managerial Accounting,Accounting Cycle,7,Flow of Accounting Data,Transaction Occurs,Source

3、 Documents Prepared,Transaction Analyzed,Transaction Journalized&Posted,Transaction,An event that affects the financial position of a particular entity and can be recorded reliably,9,Journalizing Transactions,Record transaction in journal,including a brief explanation,10,Journal,Chronological record

4、 of the transactions,11,Posting,Posting copying amounts from the journal to the ledger,Periodically,journal entries are posted to ledger accounts to determine balances in each account,Ledger,A group of accounts for a business entity,13,Flow of Accounting Data,Balances Totaled,Unadjusted Trial Balanc

5、e,Adjusting Journal Entries Posted,Adjusted Trial Balance,14,Trial Balance,List of all accounts with their balances,15,Flow of Accounting Data,Financial Statements,Closing Entries Posted,Closing Trial Balance,Structure of Accounting,17,Account,Basic summary device,Detailed record of increases and de

6、creases in specific assets,liabilities,or owners equity during a period,18,Account Types,Accounts are grouped in 3 broad categories:,Assets,Liabilities,Owners Equity,Assets=Liabilities+Owners Equity,The resources owned by a business that have future value,The Accounting Equation,Assets,Economic reso

7、urces,expected to benefit the business in the future,Cash,Accounts receivable,Merchandise inventory,Furniture,Land,The rights of the creditors,which represent debts of the business,Assets=Liabilities+Owners Equity,The Accounting Equation,Liabilities,Economic obligations payable to an individual or o

8、rganization outside the business,Accounts payable,Notes payable,Salary payable,The rights of the owners,Assets=Liabilities+Owners Equity,The Accounting Equation,Owners Equity,Claim of business owner to the assets of the business,Capital,Withdrawals,Revenues,Expenses,Revenues,Amounts earned by delive

9、ring goods or services to customers,Sales revenue,Service revenue,Interest revenue,Dividend revenue,Expenses,Decrease in owners equity that occurs from using assets or increasing liabilities in the course of delivering goods or services to customers,Salary expense,Rent expense,Utilities expense,Inte

10、rest expense,Capital,Varies in structure with the type of business:,Sole Proprietorship,Partnership,Corporation,Sole Proprietorship,One owner,Not a separate legal entity,Not a separate tax entity,Unlimited Liability,Accounts used:,“Capital”,“Draw”or“Withdrawal”,1-,29,Partnership,Two or more owners,N

11、ot a separate legal entity,Not a separate tax entity,Unlimited Liability,Accounts used:,“Capital”for each partner,“Draw”or“Withdrawal”for each partner,1-,30,Corporation,One or more owners,Separate legal entity,Separate tax entity,Limited Liability,Accounts used:,“Paid in Capital”for owners investments,“Retained Earnings”for operational profit/loss,Assets=Liabilities+Owners Equity,Owners Equity,Assets-Liabilities=Owners Equity,