常用单位与计算方程式

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1、,,,,,,,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,*,大綱,空調常用基本度量單位,,乘冪符號,,壓力及流量,,溫度、熱、熱流率及功率,,濃度,,計算方程式之推導,,空調常用基本度量單位,度量制度,英制,公制,SI,制,長度,ft,m,m,容積,Gal,L,L,質量,Lb,g,g,力（重量）,Lb,g,N,溫度,,℉,℃,K,熱量,BTU,Cal,J,時間,hr,hr,s,,乘冪符號,乘冪,符號,説明,pico,p,10,-12,nano,n,10,-9,micro,u,10,-6,milli,m,10,-3,centi,c,10,-

2、2,kilo,,k,10,3,mega,,M,10,6,giga,G,10,9,tera,T,10,12,peta,P,10,15,exa,E,10,18,,溫度,度量制度,英制,公制,SI,制,絕對溫度,°R,°K,K,相對溫度,°F,°C,,,以大氣壓力下，純水之凍結點為基準。,,各種溫度單位之比較,華氏,,°F,,,212,,,32,,,-460,朗氏,,°R,,,672,,,492,,,0,攝氏,,°C,,,100,,,0,,,-273,,凱氏,,°K,,,373,,,273,,,0,SI,制,,K,,,373,,,273,,,0,大氣壓下之純水沸騰點,大氣壓下之純水凍結點,,絕對零度

3、,,溫度單位之換算,0,℃,=0+273=273,°K,=273K,,100,℃=,100+273=373,°K,=373K,,32,°F,=32+460=492,°R,,212,°F,=212+460=672,°R,,100,℃=100×1.8+32=212 °F,,0,℃=0×1.8+32=32,,°F,,0,°F,=(0-32),÷1.8=-17.8℃,,100°F,=,（,100-32,）,÷1.8=37.8℃,,90,°F=,（,90-32,）,÷1.8=32.2℃,,,流速,度量制度,英制,公制,SI,制,氣象條件,MPH,m /s,m /s,管路系統,FPM,m /s,m /s,

4、,流速單位之換算,MPH=mile per hour,,1mile =1,609.3m,,10MPH=10,×,1,609.3,÷,3600=4.47m/s,,,FPM=feet per minute,,1,000FPM=1,000,×,0.3048,÷,60=5.08m/s,,10m/s=10,÷,0.3048,×,60=1,969FPM,,流量,度量制度,,英制,公制,SI,制,風系統,風機,CFM,CMM,m,3,/s,,風管,CFM,CMH,L/s,水系統,水泵,GPM,CMM,L/s,,水管,GPM,LPM,L/s,,流量單位之換算,CFM,（,cubic feet per minu

5、te)=Ft,3,/min,,CMM (cubic meter per minute)= m,3,/min,,CMH (cubic meter per hour)= m,3,/hr,,1CFM=1,÷,35.3,×,60=1.7CMH,,,GPM,（,gallon per minute,）,=Gallon/min,,LPM,（,liter per minute,）,=Liter/min,,1GPM=3.785LPM=3.785,÷,60=0.063L/s,,1CMM=1,000LPM=264.2GPM,,,,壓力,度量制度,英制,公制,SI,制,絕對壓力,psia,㎏/,cm,2,A,bar,

6、,kPa,,Pa,裱壓力,psig,㎏/,cm,2,G,,真空度,“,HG,㎜,HG,,壓力容器,psi,㎏/,cm,2,bar,風管系統,“,Aq,㎜,Aq,Pa,水管系統,‘,WG,mWG,kPa,,水柱之表示方式,WG=water g,au,ge,,A q=aqua,,WC=water column,,H,2,O,,Water,,壓力單位之比較,英制,,,公制,,,SI,制,,,bar,絕對壓力,,psia,裱壓力,,psig,真空度,,HG,絕對壓力,,㎏/,cm,2,A,裱壓力,,㎏/,cm,2,G,真空度,,mmHG,,156.7,,,,28.9,,,14.7,,,0,142,,,

7、,14.2,,,0,,,-14.7,,,,,,0,,,29.92,11.033,,,,2.033,,,1.033,,,0,10,,,,1,,,0,,,-1.033,,,,,,0,,,760,10.82,,,,1.994,,,1.013,,,0,°,大氣壓力,絕對真空,,壓力單位之換算,psi,=pound per square inch,,1,㎏/,cm,2,=2.2,×,（,2.54,）,2,=14.2,psi,,1bar=100kPa,,1,㎏/,cm,2,=9.8,×,（,100,）,2,=98,000 N/m,2=,98kPa=0.98 bar,,1bar=1,÷,0.98=1.02,

8、㎏/,cm,2,,1mmHG=1Torr=13.6mmWG,,1mWG=1,000,㎏/,cm,2,=1,000,÷,（,100,）,2,=0.1,㎏/,cm,2,,1,,㎏/,cm,2,=10mWG,,1’WG=64.4Lb/ft,2,=64.4,÷,（,12,）,2,=0.44722222,psi,,1psi=2.31’WG,,1atm=760mmHG=760,×,13.6,÷,1,000=10.33 m WG,,熱、熱流率及功率,度量制度,英制,公制,SI,制,熱,BTU,Cal,J,熱流率,BTUH,k Cal/hr,kW,,RT,,,功率,HP,kW,kW,,熱流率及功率單位之換算,

9、1RT=12,000BTUH=3.5kW=3,024,kCal,/hr,,1kCal=3.97BTU=4.186kJ,,1BTU=252Cal=252,×,4.186=1,055J=1.055kJ,,1W=1J/s=3.1412BTUH=860Cal/hr,,1HP,（英制馬力）,=746W,,1HP,（公制馬力）,=735W,,MBH=1,000BTUH=1,000BTU/hr,,M=1,000,,MW=1,000kW,,M=1,000,000,,,濃度,代號,説明,數值,%,percent,10,-2,ppm,part per million,10,-6,ppb,part per bill

10、ion,10,-9,ppt,part per trillion,10,-12,,計算方程式之推算,水側熱流率之計算,,空氣側熱流率之計算,,功率、流量及壓力之關係,,加濕量之計算,,水側熱流方程式之推導,q,s,[kW]=Q,m,[kg/s],×,C [kJ/,㎏. ℃] ×,△,T[,℃],,,4℃,純水之比熱為,4.186kJ/kg.,℃,,原式可簡化成：,,q,s,[kW]=4.186,×,Q [m,3,/s],×,ρ,[Kg/m,3,] ×,△,T[,℃],,4℃,純水之密度為,1000,㎏,/m,3,，,原式可簡化成：,,q,s,[kW]=4186,×,Q [m,3,/s],×,△,

11、T[,℃],,,q,s,[kW]=4.186,×,Q [L/s],×,△,T[,℃],,,,,空氣側熱流方程式之推導,顯熱量計算,,q,s,[kW]=Q,m,[kg/s],×,C [k J/,㎏. ℃] ×,△,T[,℃],,,標準空氣之比熱為,1.005 k J/,㎏. ℃,，原式可簡化成：,,q,s,[kW]=Q [m,3,/s],×,ρ,[Kg/m,3,] ×,△,T[,℃],,標準空氣之密度為,1.2Kg/m,3,，原式可簡化成：,,,q,s,[kW]=1.2,×,Q [m,3,/s],×,△,T[,℃],,,,,,空氣側熱流方程式之推導,B,縂熱量計算,,q,t,[kW]=Q [m,

12、3,/s],×,ρ,[Kg/m,3,] ×,△,h [k J/,㎏],,,標準空氣之密度為,1.2Kg/m,3,，原式可簡化成：,,,q,s,[kW]=1.2,×,Q [m,3,/s],×,△,h [k J/,㎏],,,功率、流量及壓力之關係,W=J/s=,N.m/s,=N/m,2,×,m,3,/s=Pa,×,m,3,/s,,kW=m,3,/s,×,kPa,,水泵軸動力（功率）,,kW=(L/s,÷,1,000),×,kPa=(L/s,×,kPa,),÷,1,000,,風車軸動力（功率）,,kW=m,3,/s,×,(Pa,÷,1,000)=(m,3,/s,×,Pa),÷,1,000,,,,,,

13、水泵軸動力方程式之推導,P c,【,k W,】=,Q,【,m,3,/s,】×,Pt,【,kPa,】,,（,HP,×0,.,746,）,=,（,G PM,×3,.,785,÷1,,,000,÷60,）,,×,（,F t WG,÷3,.,28,×9,.,8,）,=,（,G PM,×FtWG,）,÷,3,958,,,,英制,: Pc,＜,H P,＞,=,,,kW =,（,LPM,÷1,,,000,÷60,）,×,（,m WG,×9,.,8,）,=,（,LPM,×mWG,),÷,6,122,,,公制,: Pc,＜,kW,＞,=,,,kW =,（,L/s,÷1,,,000,）,×,k Pa=,（,L/s

14、,×,kPa),÷,1,000,,,SI,制,: Pc,＜,kW,＞,=,Q,×,Pt,3,960,×η,Q<,L,PM>× Pt<,m,WG>,6,120,×η,Q× Pt<,k Pa,>,1,000,×η,,風車軸動力方程式之推導,,P c,【,k W,】=,Q,【,m,3,/s,】×,Pt,【,kPa,】,,（,HP,×0,.,746,）,=,（,CF M,÷35,.,3,÷60,）,×,（,”A q,÷12÷3,.28,×9,.,8,）,,=,（,CF M,×,“,A q,）,÷,6,346,,,,英制,: Pc,＜,H P,＞,=,,,kW =,（,CMM,÷60,）,×,（,m m A q,÷1,,,000,×9,.8,）,,=,（,CMM,×,mmAq),÷,6,122,,,公制,: Pc,＜,kW,＞,=,,,kW =m,3,/s,×,(,Pa,÷1,,000,）,=,（,m,3,/s,×,Pa),÷,1,000,,,SI,制,:Pc,＜,kW,＞,=,,Q<,CF,M>× Pt<“,A q,>,6,350,×η,Q× Pt<,m m,A q>,6,120,×η,Q<,m,3,/s,>× Pt<,Pa,>,,1,000,×η,,