语法动词ing的用法

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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,,*,动词,-ing,形式的用法,,,,The –ing Form of Verbs,现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？,那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加,-ing,形式构成，因此又叫动词的,-ing,形式,。,,V+-ing,The,–,ing form,,构成：,,1.,一般情况,rain------,,2.,以,e,结尾的动词,hope-----,,3.,重读闭音节的动词,,,stop

2、-----,,4.,以,ie,结尾的动词,,,die----- lie---,,tie----,raining,hoping,stopping,dying,lying,tying,归纳总结：,,◆,动词,-ing,是,____________________,中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除,______,之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。,,,◆在语态上，动词,-ing,表示,_____,（主动,/,被动,),的动作。在时间上，动词,-ing,一般表示,______,（正在进行,/,已经完成）的动作。,动词非谓语形式,谓语

3、,主动,正在进行,Ing,时 态 和 语 态,,类 别,,及 物,动 词,形式,主 动,被 动,一般式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,,重点,注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加,not,作主语：动名词,,(,动词,ing,形式在句中做主语、宾语、表语时，其作用相当于抽象名词,),,Teaching,is my full-time job.,,Writing,an English composition is not easy.,,It’s useless,taking,this kind of m

4、edicine.,,归纳：常用,-ing,形式作主语的句型有：,,It +be +a waste of time doing,,做,……,是浪费时间的,,It is/was no good/use doing,,做,……,是没益,/,用处的,,It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing,,做,……,不值得,,It is/was worth/worthwhile doing,,做,……,是值得的,,There be no doing,,无法,……,， 不允许,……,There is no sense in doing,,做、、、没有道理,,There is/was

5、 no use doing,,干、、、无意义,,There is/was nothing worse than doing,,没有比、、、更糟的,,There is/was no point doing,,干、、、无意义,,我们不知道要去哪儿。,,There was no knowing where we would go.,,,做这件傻事毫无意义。,,,There is no point doing such a silly thing.,,和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。,,It,is useless,trying to argue with Shylock,．,,这事值得去做。,,It,’s

6、 worth,making the effort,．,,若要人不知，除非己莫为。,,There is no,hiding of evil,but not to do it,．,,这种事开不得玩笑。,,There is no,joking about such matter,.,,,作表语,（,1,）动名词,,My job is,teaching,.,,=,Teaching,is my job.,,Her full-time job is,laying,eggs.,,=,Laying,eggs is her full-time job,.,（,2,）现在分词,,The play is,excit

7、ing,.,,≠,Exciting,is the play.,,The story he told us was very,interesting,.,,≠,Interesting,was the story he told us.,动名词做表语对主语解释说明，可与句子的主语互换，不影响原意。,,现在分词的动作是句中主语发出的，主语与分词存在逻辑主谓关系，不能与主语互换位置。,作宾语,1.,只接动名词的动词：,避免错过少延期,avoid/ miss/ delay/ postpone,,建议完成多练习,suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice,,喜欢想象禁

8、不住,enjoy/ imagine/ can’t help,,承认否定与嫉妒,admit/ deny/ envy,,逃避冒险莫宽恕,escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse,,忍受保持不介意,stand/ keep/ mind,,允许感激和考虑,allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider,,明白鼓励要禁止,understand/ encourage/ forbid,2.,意义一致,Like/ hate/ begin/ start/ love/ continue/ prefer,Like to do,,具体的将来的一次的,,Like doing,,习

9、惯性经常性的,,I like,playing,football.,,I like,to play,football this afternoon.,3.,意义不一致,remember/ forget/ regret,,,I forgot,to post,your letter.,未做,,,I forgot,posting,your letter.,做了,B. mean/ try,,Mean,to do,,打算,mean,doing,,意味着,,Try,to do,,努力,try,doing,,试着,C. stop/ go on,,,stop to do,,另一件,stop doing,,同一件

10、,D. need/ want/ require,,The flowers need,watering.,,,Doing,用主动,,The flowers need,to be watered.,,,to be done,用被动,,,接动名词作宾语的,词组,(,举例,),：,,,介词,+doing,,prefer…to,,be used to,,lead to,,devote oneself to,,stick to,,look forward to (to,为介词）,admit to,,,,no use,,,It‘s worth…,,,as well as,,can’t help,,,It‘s

11、 no use /good,,be tired of,,be fond of,,be afraid of,,be proud of,,,hold off,,put off,,keep on,,,insist on set about,,be successful in,,good at,,take up give up,,prevent …from…,,think of / about,作宾语补足语,,表示宾语进行的动作，具有主动和进行的含义,I heard the girl,singing,in the classroom.,

12、I noticed a long queue outside the bank,waiting,for it to open.,,The baby watched his dad,shaving,his face with great interest.,,常见,ing,作宾语补足语出现在下列动词后，见课本,145,页,⑴,动名词作定语表示性质或用途。,,a,washing,machine,,＝,a machine for washing,,a,swimming,pool,,＝,a pool for swimming,,This is a new washing machine.,作定语,作定

13、语,⑵,现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。,,a,developing,country,＝,a country which is developing,,a,sleeping,boy,＝,a boy who is sleeping,,The man,talking with my father,is Mr. Wang.,,China is a,developing,country.,作 状 语,现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等，具有主动和进行的含义。表示其动作与句子的谓语是同时的。,Hearing,the

14、cry for help, he rushed out.,（时间）,Being,ill, he went home.,（原因）,European football is played in 80 countries,,making,it the most popular sport in the world.,（结果）,He read a magazine,waiting,for the bus.,（,伴随,）,,Seeing,from the hill, you can get the whole town,.,(,条件）,注意：分词,(,短语,),作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语

15、一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。,1.,Comparing,all the great people with each other, you’ll find that they have much in common.,,,2.,Finding,her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.,,3.,,The train,having,gone, we had to wait another day.,分析,:,前两例中,,-ing,形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中,having

16、gone,的逻辑主语是,the train,。,根据这个性质,,,我们在使用,-ing,形式作状语时,,,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如,: Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, so you’ll feel very comfortable.(×),注意：,-ing,形式,(,短语,),的功能有时,相当于一个状语从句。,分析,:,如前所述,,-ing,形式短语相当于一个状语从句,,,所以后半句中的连词,so,的使用是错误的,,,应该去掉。,,原句应改为,: Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn,

17、 you’ll,,feel very comfortable.,,简单了解,一般式与完成式的时间意义,,1.,,Looking carefully at the ground,, I made my way to the edge of the crater.,2.,,Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already,,,I didn’t take much notice.,,–ing,形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前,,,–ing,形式的一般式所表示的时间与谓语动词无明显的先后顺序,,观察下列,2,个句子,,,体会,having done,与,doing,的不同的用法,,(1),Having written,,the letter, John went to the post office.,,(2),,Seeing,,the beautiful sight, the children felt excited.,,总结,:,,①,,,②,,V-ing,doing,having done,表动作,有先有后,表动作,同时发生,一般式,完成式,,The end,