某汽车NVH（噪声）知识培训教材

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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,,,*,1.1NVHOverviewNVH,概,概,论,论,FordMotorCompanyVehicleAttributesEngineering,福,特,特,汽,汽,车,车,公,公,司,司,整,整,车,车,设,设,计,计,部,部,门,门,VehicleNVHAwareness,J.Juan/M.Haffey,1,,,WhatisNVH?,什,么,么,是,是NVH,呢,呢,？,？,Noise-whatthecustomerhears,噪,声,声-,指,指,的,的,是,是,顾,顾,客,客,所,所,能,能,听,听

2、,到,到,的,的,声,声,音,音,—Soundmainlyinthe20HZ~10000HZfrequencyrange.,—,声,声,音,音,的,的,频,频,率,率,大,大,体,体,上,上,在,在20,赫,赫,兹,兹,到,到10000,赫,赫,兹,兹,之,之,间,间,。,。,—Characterizedbyfrequency,levelandquality.,—通,过,过,频,频,率,率,、,、,级,级,别,别,和,和,音,音,质,质,来,来,描,描,述,述。,Vibration-Whatthecustomerfellsandsees.,振,动,动-,指,指,的,的,是,是,顾,顾,客,客,

3、所,所,感,感,觉,觉,到,到,的,的,和,和,看,看,到,到,的,的,。,。,—Motionsensedbythebodymainlyinthe0.5HZ~50HZfrequencyrange.,—,身,身,体,体,所,所,能,能,感,感,知,知,运,运,动,动,的,的,频,频,率,率,范,范,围,围,通,通,常,常,在,在0.5,赫,赫,兹,兹,到,到50,赫,赫,兹,兹,之,之,间,间,。,。,—Characterizedbyfrequency,levelanddirection.,—通,过,过,频,频,率,率,、,、,振,振,幅,幅,和,和,方,方,向,向,来,来,描,描,述,述,。,

4、。,Harshness-Combinedeffectsofnoiseandvibration,不,舒,舒,适,适,性,性-,指,指,的,的,是,是,噪,噪,声,声,和,和振,动,动的,综,综,合,合,影,影,响,响,。,。,—Rough,gratingordiscordantsensations.,—,粗,粗,野,野,的,的,，,，,刺,刺,耳,耳,的,的,或,或,不,不,和,和,谐,谐,的,的,感,感,觉,觉,。,。,VehicleNVHAwareness,1.1NVHOverview,2,,,,NVHmustfulfilllegalrequirements.,NVH,必,必,须,须,满,满

5、,足,足,法,法,定,定,的,的,要,要,求,求,。,。,NVHshouldprovidetheacoustical/tactilefeedbackforsafeandconfidentdriving.,NVH,应,应,该,该,使,使,乘,乘,员,员,在,在,驾,驾,驶,驶,方,方,面,面,有,有,安,安,全,全,和,和,自,自,信,信,的,的,感,感,觉,觉,。,。,—Linktooperatingconditions.,—在各种操作环,境,境。,—Connectiontoearth.,—在各种路面。,NVHshould avoid anynegativeperception.,NVH,应,

6、应该避,免,免任何,不,不好的,感,感觉。,—unpleasant,unrefined ,unexpected ,andannoyingevents.,—令人,不,不愉快,的,的，粗,俗,俗的，,意,意料之,外,外的和,令,令人讨,厌,厌的事,情,情。,NVHcan exceedcustomerexpectations.,NVH,应,应该能,超,超过顾,客,客的期,望,望值。,Vehicle NVHAwareness,1.1NVH Overview,3,NVHObjectives,NVH,的,的目标,,,NVHlinktocustomersatisfaction,NVH,反,反映了,消,消费者

7、,满,满意的,程,程度,TGR,—,—Pressreview(examples),TGR,—,—媒体评论（,例,例如）,“…Fiestahasasurprisinglyquiet&well refinedengine”,“…Fiesta有一台,令,令人惊,讶,讶的安,静,静而且,舒,舒适的,发,发动机,”,”,“…[F150]ride is smoothquietwith the4.6L”,“…[F150]乘,坐,坐舒适,安,安静的4.6,升,升发动,机,机汽车,”,”,,TGR,—,—Things GoneWrong,20%~30% ofTGWisNVH related.,TGR,—,—所抱

8、怨,的,的事情,20%~30%抱怨,的,的产生,都,都是与NVH,有,有关系,的,的。,Vehicle NVHAwareness,1.1NVH Overview,4,,,Vehicle NVHAwareness,1.1NVH Overview,5,NVHLinkstoCompanyProfit,NVH,关,关系着,公,公司的,利,利益,15~29%ofwarrantycost hasnoiseasa conditioncode.,15~29%,的,的保修的,费,费用是花费,在,在与噪,声,声有关,的,的。,1994 model year,36MIS,warrantycostassociated

9、 withall noise,was$346million –18%oftotalwarranty.,94年,型,型车，3年的,在,在用车,，,，在噪,声,声方面,的,的保修费,用,用,是3.46亿,美,美元—,占,占总费,用,用的18%。,,,Vehicle NVHAwareness,1.1NVH Overview,6,NVHLinkstoCompanyProfit,NVH,关,关系着,公,公司的,利,利益,NVHPrototype costreduction opportunity.,,COMBINEDCOST BREAKDOWNPROTOTYPECOSTCONTRIBUTION,综合成,

10、本,本明细,样,样机花,费,费的组,成,成,(TASE+SAFETY+NVH),（TASE+,安,安全设,备,备+NVH）,TotalCost=$303M(BaseonTASE,Safety,NVH CostofAttribute Studies,总支出=3.03亿,美,美元,（,（基于TASE，安,全,全，NVH的,研,研究费,用,用）,,,Vehicle NVHAwareness,1.1NVH Overview,7,SoundGeneration Mechanism,产生噪,声,声的原,理,理,Multiplemechanisms generate avariabilityofvehicl

11、esound.,汽车所,产,产生噪,声,声的,原理,是多种,多,多样的,。,。,CombustionAirflow,pumping,燃烧,气,气流，,进,进排气,Impacts betweencomponentsAirflow,turbulences,零件之,间,间的撞,击,击,气,气流，(液体,或,或气体,的,的)紊,乱,乱,Frictioncontact of componentsSurfaceroughness,构件之,间,间的摩,擦,擦,粗,粗糙,的,的表面,RotatingpartsUnbalancemasses,旋转的,部,部件,不,不平,衡,衡块,Flow in pipesTir

12、eforcevariation,在管中,的,的流动,轮,轮胎压,力,力的变,化,化,,,Vehicle NVHAwareness,1.1NVH Overview,8,Vehicle Sounds,汽车的,噪,噪声,Combustion noisewindnoiseGear rattleBearingknock,燃烧的,噪,噪声,风,风的噪,声,声,齿,齿,轮,轮传动,的,的声音,轴,轴承,的,的敲击,声,声,DieselknockingSunroof noiseGear whineElectricwindows,柴油机,的,的敲击,声,声,遮,遮阳顶,棚,棚的噪,声,声,齿,齿,轮,轮的声,音

13、,音,电,电,动,动窗的,噪,噪声,ValvetrainDoorslamGear lever tizzTire noise,气阀机,构,构的噪,声,声,门,门的砰,的,的声音,变,变速杆,换,换档的,噪,噪声,轮,轮胎的,噪,噪声,FEAD noiseCentrallockingDriveline clonkExhaust noise,FEAD噪声,中,中央,门,门锁的,噪,噪声,动,动力,传,传动系,统,统的噪,声,声,排,排气,噪,噪声,PASnoiseSwitch noiseDriveline thrashSqueaksandrattles,动力转,向,向系统,的,的声音,开,开关,的,

14、的噪声,动,动力传,动,动系统,的,的噪声,吱,吱吱,声,声和喀,嚓,嚓声,Fuel pumpnoiseIndicatortickingRoad noiseWater splashnoise,燃油泵,的,的噪声,指,指,示,示器的,滴,滴答声,道,道路的,噪,噪声,水,水溅,的,的噪声,Alternator whineWindscreenwipe noiseImpactharshnessIntake noise,交流发,电,电机的,噪,噪声,挡,挡,风,风玻璃,的,的噪声,撞,撞击,振,振动声,通,通风,口,口的噪,声,声,,,,Vehicle NVHAwareness,1.1NVH Over

15、view,9,NVHPhenomena,NVH,现,现象,OPERATINGCONDITION,操作环,境,境,DESCRIPTION,描述,SOURCE,资源,Pass-By,Deceleration,Cruise,Acceleration,Idle,Staring,Boom,Rumble,Growl,Whine,Rattle,Squeal,Hiss,Engine,Transmission,Exhaust/intake,Road,Wind,Tire,,,,Vehicle NVHAwareness,1.1NVH Overview,10,Vehicle Noise Examples,汽车的噪声,

16、举,举例,WindNoise(80 mph HST)-1/12thOctave Spectrum.,风的噪声（80英里每,小,小时的高速,试,试验）1/12倍频程,分贝,频率,,,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,11,Vehicle Noise Examples,汽车噪声举,例,例,RoadNoise(40mph Rough Rd.)-NarrowSpectrum.,道路噪声（40英里每,小,小时在粗糙,路,路面之上）-窄频。,,,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,12,Vehicle Noise Exa

17、mples,汽车噪声举,例,例,PowerNoise(WOT)-Loudness&speech Intelligibility.,动力系统噪,声,声（WOT,）,）-响度以,及,及说话的清,晰,晰度,,,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,13,SubjectiveImpression,主观感受,Created bythebrainbased on:,建立在头脑,感,感觉的基础,之,之上：,—database,dataanalysis,“,“Thissounds like anengine”,资料库，数,据,据分析,“,“这,种,种噪声如同,一,一台发

18、动机,”,”,—experience,“,“I have head avariety of engines”,经验,“,“我听,到,到了发动机,的,的声音”,—bias,“,“…has never builtgoodengines”,偏见,“,“…,从,从来没有生,产,产过好的发,动,动机”,—,……,Company uses VERS toproduce consistentratings.,公司用定额,指,指标的方法,生,生产产品。,Engineering Rating Index,工程额定指标,Evaluation of attribute Performance,品质性能评价,Cust

19、omer Satisfaction(for this attribute),消费者的满意度（对于品质方面）,Improvement Desired by,渴望得到改进的人,,…,3,Not acceptable,,不能接受的,Very Dissatisfied,很不满意,All Customers,所有的消费者,…,,…,6,acceptable,,可以接受的,Fairly Well Satisfied,还算感到满意,Critical Customers,爱挑剔的顾客,…,,…,10,Excellent,优秀,Completely Satisfied,完全满意,Not Perceptibl

20、e,很少的顾客,…,,,,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,14,Subjective/ObjectiveCorrelation,主观与客观,的,的相互关系,Objectivemeasure isrequiredfor targetsetting/cascading.,客观的方法,需,需要满足目,标,标的设置和,层,层次。,,,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,15,RoadNVH TargetCascade,道路NVH,目,目标层次,RoadNVH(1),BodyAcoustic &,Vibration

21、sensitivities(4),Airborne Noise(3),StructureborneNVH(2),SuspensionForce,Inputin Body(5),PointMobiles(8),BodyModes(9),BodyStructure(10),PanelDamping &,NoiseIsolation(11),SeatVibration,Transmissibility(12),Seatmodes(13),Sleeping column,VIB Sensitivity(14),Powertrain modes(15),Body/Frame/SubframeForce

22、Transmissibility(16),SuspensionForce,Transmissibility(19),Body/Frame/SubframeMounts(17),Frame/SubframeModes(18),SuspensionMounts(20),SuspensionFriction/sticktion(21),ShockDamping(22),SuspensionGeometry(23),Road/TireContact force(26),TireProperties(27),TirePressure(28),TireSize/Aspect Ratio(29),TireM

23、odes(30),Wheel,Modes(31),StrutModes(30),ImbalanceForce(32),SoundPackage,NoiseReduction(6),TireRadiated Noise(7),Barrier TransmissionLoss(33),Absorption(42),Carpet(43),SeatMaterial(44),Headliner(45),Wheelhouse(38),Floor(39),SidePanel(40),Glass(41),Lockage,(34),Areaof,Holes,(pass-Through),(35),WheelMo

24、des(36),,,Vehicle NVH Awareness,1.1 NVH Overview,16,RoadNVH DesignGuidelines,道路NVH,设,设计指导,Reduce body noise transfer functions(<0.01Pa/N),减少车身传,递,递的噪声(<0.01Pa/N)。,Design interiorcavity nodal pointat passenger’sheadposition.,在乘客头,的,的位置设,计,计通风口,。,。,Reduce suspension forceinput tobody.,减少输入,车,车体的中,止,止力

25、量。,Increaseseat isolationabove 6Hz(transmissibility<0.5mm/s/N).,增大座椅,在,在 6,赫,赫兹以上,的,的隔绝.(能传递<0.5mm/s/牛顿),？,？,Increasebody attachmentstiffness/bushing stiffnessratio(>5:1).,增加车身,附,附件刚性/衬套刚,性,性比,(>5:1)。,Assure goodmodal separation.,保证好的,模,模态分离,。,。,-separate majorbodymodes and acousticcavities.,分离主要,的,

26、的车体模,态,态和有声,音,音的。,-separate body modesfrom suspensionmodes.,分离车体,模,模式中的悬挂部分。,-separate wheelmodes from tiremodes.,把车轮和,车,车胎分离,开,开来。,Reduce tire/wheel unbalanceandtireradiated noise.,减少车胎/轮不平,衡,衡性和车,胎,胎的辐射,噪,噪声。,,,VehicleNVHAwareness,1.1NVHOverview,17,VehicleAttributes Compatibility,车辆的兼,容,容特性,,,Vehi

27、cleNVHAwareness,1.1NVHOverview,18,Course ExpectedOutcomes,课程预期的结,果,果,Understanding and appreciation of each majorsystem’s influenceon NVH.,理解和正,确,确评价各,个,个主要系,统,统对NVH的影响,。,。,Understanding ofdesignconceptandguidelines for NVH and their,trade- offswithother vehicle attributes.,理解NVH的设计,观,观念和指,导,导方法以,及,

28、及其和车,辆,辆其它属,性,性的协调,。,。,Understanding ofengineeringbest practicesandappropriateNVHtools/methods.,理解工程,中,中最好的,常,常用的和,适,适当的NVH设备/方法。,Recognizingcompanyexpectsandcontactperson for future assistance.,理解公司,的,的期望和,认,认识以后,有,有帮助的,人,人。,,,VehicleNVHAwareness,1.1NVHOverview,19,NVHDepartments,NVH部,门,门,,Departmen

29、t,,部门,Manager,管理人员,Profs,教授,Vehicle NVH,,车辆NVH,Tom Lahvic,TLAHVIC,System NVH,,系统NVH,Ron Quaglia,RQUAGLIA,Vehicle NVH Europe,,车辆欧洲NVH,Karl-Heinz Burger,KBUERGER,P/T NVH&CAE,,P/T NVH&计算机辅助教学,Mike Rao,MRAO,Squeak & Rattle,,Gary Boes,GBOES,CAE NVH,,计算机辅助教学NVH,Mike Haffey,MHAFFEY,ACD，CC Subsystem,,ACD ，

30、CC,子,系统,John Busch,JBUSCH,ACD，CC Technology,,ACD ， CC工艺,John Barkley,JBARKLEY,,,VehicleNVHAwareness,1.1NVHOverview,20,Course Outlines,课程概要,Day1,第,第一天,-Introduction toNVH,Basic NVH Concepts,DOE.,介绍NVH，初步,了,了解NVH的概念,，,，能源部,。,。,-Sound Quality Engineering.,噪声质量,工,工程。,-R202,TargetSettingStrategies.,R202,

31、设定目,标,标策略。,Day2,第,第二天,-P/TNVH.,-P/TsystemsNVH.,,Engine,Accessory NVH.,发动机，附加件NVH。,Axle,Gear Noise,Rattle,Clunk.,车轴，齿轮传动噪声，,嘎嘎声和沉闷的金属声,。,Induction Noise.,进气噪声。,,,VehicleNVHAwareness,1.1NVHOverview,21,Course Outlines(Cont,’,’d）,课程概要(续),Day3第三天,-Road NVH.,-道路VNH。,-ChassisNVH,Brake Roughness.,-底盘NVH,制,动,动粗暴。,-Squeak& Rattle.,-尖叫声和,卡,卡吱声。,Day4-VehicleDrive/Demonstration.,第四天-车辆驾,驶,驶/示范,。,。,Day5第五天,-Body NVH,-车身NVH,-Wind Noise,-风的噪,声,声,,,演讲完毕,，,，谢谢观,看,看！,