能量平衡与健康体重

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1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e,#,能量平衡与健康体重,能量平衡与健康体重,第1页,能量平衡与健康体重,第2页,第一节 能量平衡,体内能量收支平衡,食物能量供大于求时：多出脂肪进入身体脂肪组织中脂肪细胞贮存起来。,摄入能量不足时：消耗这些脂

2、肪。,贮存能量改变,=,能量摄入,-,能量输出,能量平衡与健康体重,第3页,能量平衡与健康体重,第4页,5,在脂肪细胞内部，脂肪以滴状储存。这些滴状物可急剧增大，此时细胞膜也会跟着膨胀变大。,男性脂肪主要集中在腹部，女性脂肪主要集中在臀部。,思索：,为何不以糖原形式储存能量？,能量平衡与健康体重,第5页,能量摄入,从食物和饮料中摄入能量是“能量摄入”唯一起源。,能量输出,能量消耗组成：,基础代谢,60%65%,人体各种活动,25%35%,食物代谢反应,5%10%,能量平衡与健康体重,第6页,原因,对BMR影响,年纪,年轻人比中年人高；中年人比老年人高,身高,个高人表面积大，BMR高,生长,儿童

3、，孕妇,BMR,高,机体组成,非脂肪组织多，,BMR,高,发烧,发烧使BMR增高,应激反应,应激反应使,BMR,增高,环境温度,太高或太低都会使,BMR,增高,禁食，饥饿,降低,BMR,营养不良,BMR,降低,甲状腺素,甲状腺素是BMR关键调控因子，甲状腺素越多，BMR越高。,影响,BMR,原因,能量平衡与健康体重,第7页,第二节 体脂太多或太少带来问题,体重过轻危险是什么？,肥胖带来不便,周围性肥胖,中心性肥胖（躯干性肥胖）,整体性肥胖,能量平衡与健康体重,第8页,评定身体发胖情况,各年纪段成人参考体重,能量平衡与健康体重,第9页,评定身体发胖情况,BMI,值及患病危险,测量腰围,用不可拉伸

4、尺子测量肚脐部位腰围。,男子健康范围小于,102cm,；,女性则小于,88cm,。,能量平衡与健康体重,第10页,第三节 肥胖现实状况,“Were raising our children the way we raise calves for veal-keep them in boxes,feed them too much,and allow them no exercise.”,Rich Killingsworth,Center for Disease Control and Prevention,能量平衡与健康体重,第11页,肥胖增加,能量平衡与健康体重,第12页,能量平衡与健康体重

5、,第13页,BAGEL,20 Years Ago,Today,140 calories,3-inch diameter,How many calories,are in this bagel?,能量平衡与健康体重,第14页,140 calories,3-inch diameter,Calorie Difference:210 calories,350 calories,6-inch diameter,BAGEL,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡与健康体重,第15页,How long will you have to rake leaves in order to burn the

6、 extra 210 calories?*,*Based on 130-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第16页,If yourake the leaves for,50 minutes,you will burn the extra,210 calories,.*,*Based on 130-pound person,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第17页,CHEESEBURGER,20 Yea

7、rs Ago,Today,333 calories,How many calories are in todays cheeseburger?,能量平衡与健康体重,第18页,Calorie Difference:257 calories,590 calories,CHEESEBURGER,20 Years Ago,Today,333 calories,能量平衡与健康体重,第19页,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,How long will you have to lift weig

8、hts in order to burn the extra 257 calories?*,*Based on 130-pound person,能量平衡与健康体重,第20页,If you lift weights for,1 hour and 30 minutes,you will burn approximately,257 calories,.*,*Based on 130-pound person,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第21页,SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS,20 Years Ago,Today,500 calories

9、,1 cup spaghetti with sauce and 3 small meatballs,How many calories do you think are in todays portion of spaghetti and meatballs?,能量平衡与健康体重,第22页,Calorie Difference:525 calories,1,025 calories,2 cups of pasta with sauce and 3 large meatballs,20 Years Ago,Today,500 calories,1 cup spaghetti with sauce

10、 and 3 small meatballs,SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS,能量平衡与健康体重,第23页,How long will you have to houseclean in order to burn the extra 525 calories?*,*Based on 130-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第24页,*Based on 130-pound person,If you houseclean

11、 for,2 hours and 35 minutes,you will burn approximately,525 calories,.*,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第25页,FRENCH FRIES,20 Years Ago,Today,210 Calories,2.4 ounces,How many calories are in,todays portion of fries?,能量平衡与健康体重,第26页,610 Calories,6.9 ounces,Calorie Difference:400 Calories,FRENCH FRIE

12、S,20 Years Ago,Today,210 Calories,2.4 ounces,能量平衡与健康体重,第27页,How long will you have to walk leisurely in order to burn those extra 400 calories?*,*Based on 160-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第28页,*Based on 160-pound person,If you walk l

13、eisurely for,1 hour and 10 minutes,you will burn approximately,400 calories,.*,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第29页,85 Calories,6.5 ounces,How many calories are in todays portion?,SODA,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡与健康体重,第30页,Calorie Difference:165 Calories,250 Calories,20 ounces,85 Calories,6.5 ounces,

14、SODA,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡与健康体重,第31页,How long will you have to work in the garden to burn those extra calories?*,*Based on 160-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第32页,If you work in the garden for 35 minutes,you will burn approximately 1

15、65 calories.*,*Based on 160-pound person,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第33页,320 calories,How many calories are in todays turkey sandwich?,TURKEY SANDWICH,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡与健康体重,第34页,Calorie Difference:500 calories,820 calories,320 calories,TURKEY SANDWICH,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡与健康体重,第35页

16、,How long will you have to ride a bike in order to burn those extra calories?*,*Based on 160-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第36页,*Based on 160-pound person,If you ride a bike for,1 hour and 25 minutes,you will burn approximately,500 calories,.*,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡与健康体重,第37页,第四节 发胖之谜,为何要吃那么多东西？,“进行信号”,饥饿与食欲,“停顿信号”,饱足感遇饱腹感,能量平衡与健康体重,第38页,级联调控：饥饿、食欲、饱足感、饱腹感,能量平衡与健康体重,第39页,各种食物饱满感值,能量平衡与健康体重,第40页,遗传与肥胖,瘦身素,能量平衡与健康体重,第41页,遗传与肥