初中英语考试知识点总结

《初中英语考试知识点总结》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《初中英语考试知识点总结（30页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、一、初中英语语法归纳 本文归纳了词法、八种基本时态以及三大基本从句，是历年中考英语必考语法点。 （一）词 法 1. 名词 （1）名词的可数与不可数 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词。 不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。 （2）名词复数

2、的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f，fe结尾的，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es （3）名词的所有格 A. 单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。 如：the worker's bike，the Children’ s ball B. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后’ s。 如：This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s ro

3、oms. C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。 如：the students’ books，the girls’ blouses (另外：名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。) 2. 代词 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词 （1）人称代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 y

4、ou you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves （2）物主代词 物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词； 名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。 （3）反身代词 反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves. 反身代词的用法：

5、一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如：I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如：I can do it myself. （4）指示代词 指示代词的特殊用法： (1)为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this，these不可以。 (2)this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。 （5）不定代词 one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等 3. 冠词 （1）不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不

6、是指元音字母)的词前，其余用不定冠词a. （2）定冠词的基本用法 A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。 B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。 C. 用在单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物。 （3）定冠词的特殊用法 A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。 B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。 C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。 D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。 E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。 F. 用在乐器名称前。 G. 和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。 （4）名词前

7、不用冠词的情况 A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。 B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。 C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。 D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。 (sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边 go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里 4

8、. 数词 （1）数字的表示 三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。 1，000以上的数字，从后向前第三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion。 （2）序数词除了first，second，third外，其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。 （3）分数分子在前，分母在后，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1小时，分母序数词要变成复数。 （4）hundreds(thousands，millions)of…… 5. 形容词、副词 （1）形容词的位置 A. 形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面，但当

9、形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如：something important，nothing serious。 B. 当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置。如： We have dug a hole two meters deep. The hole is about two metres deep. （2）形容词的比较等级 单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加—(e)r，—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。如： popula

10、r———more popular———most popular important—more important—most important （3）副词的比较等级 单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。绝大多数副词借助more，most来构成比较级和最高级。 （4）少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化： 原级        比较级       最高级 well ——  better ——  best badly —— worse ——  worst much ——   more ——  most little ——   less —

11、—  least far ——  farther ——  farthest farthest   furthest late ——   later  ——  latest （5）副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。 6. 介词 （1）表示时间的介词及介词短语 in, at, on, before，after，till，since，for, fromto, until， by，in the middle of，at the beginning of， at the end of，at half past five，at night，in a week，in the morning

12、，in class，at sunrise， in spring/summer/autumn/winter，on Sunday，on Saturday afternoon，on a winter evening，for a long time，for two months，after school，since liberation，before lunch，at the time of，at the age of （2）表示地点的介词及介词短语 in，at，into，to，on，beside，before，behind，above，under，outside,inside,up,from,f

13、ar,from,near,across， off， down， among， past，between，out of，around，in the front of， in the middle of， at the back of，at the foot of，at home，at the gate，at the table，in the sky， on the ground，in a tree， in the south，in the sun，in the bed，on one’s way home，by the side of 二、八种基本时态 1. 一般现在时 概念: 表示经常

14、发生的动作或经常存在的状态。 常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。 如：1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常) 2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态) 构成：1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +…… 2) 主语 + 实义动词/三单动词 + … 2.一般过去时 概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态. 常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last

15、 week , in 1998 , two days ago等. 如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影. 2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作. 如: He always went to work by bike last week. 构成: 1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +…… 2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 + 3. 现在进行时 概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作. 如: He is singing. They are watching TV now. 构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am

16、/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成. 4. 过去进行时 概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作. 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示. 如: 1) ---What were you doing? ---I was jumping. 2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived? ---He was sleeping. 构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成. 5. 一般将来时 概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反

17、复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等. 如: He will go shopping tomorrow. They are going to play basketball next week. 构成: 1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +… 2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + …. 6. 过去将来时 概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态. 构成: 1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +… 2) 主语 + wo

18、uld + 动原 + …. 3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原… 用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态. 如: 1) I should go. 2) You knew I would come. 3) They were going to Naning. 7. 现在完成时 构成: 主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +… 用法 例句 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. ---Have you had your lunch yet? ---Yes, I hav

19、e. (现在我不饿了) 8. 过去完成时 构成: 主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +… 用法 例句 表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示.  I had finished my homework when my mom came back home. 三、三大基本从句 从句的共同特点 从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就

20、叫定语从句。 从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。 从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。) 1. 宾语从句 宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up. 宾语从句的特点： ①宾语从句有自己的连接词 ②宾语从句用陈述语序 ③宾语从句的时

21、态 （1）宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。 （2）宾语从句的语序： A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后),如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him. （3）宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现” A. 主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He te

22、lls me he likes English very much(一般现在时) B. 主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。 如：He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时) C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。 如：1.He says the moon goes around the earth. 2. 状语从句 （1）时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。 时间状语的连接词：whe

23、n(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到… 才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。 举例：when当…的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。) Mozart started writing music when he was four years old. （2）原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。 连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, n

24、ow that 等词引导。 举例：I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. （3）条件状语从句：在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。 连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(让步) 举例：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. （4）目的、结果状语从句 目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。 结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子 目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。 结果状

25、语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。 举例：so…that 如此…以至于 The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited. （5）让步状语从句 让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子 连接词：though, although.，whether…or not 举例：Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 3.no matter从句 结构："no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈

26、述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序" 如：No matter what happened, he would not mind. 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 3. 定语从句 定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。 如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语) 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后 如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital. 定语从句的连

27、接词： 连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that 连接副词：when、where、why 二、初中英语语法重难点100单选案例 1. Where         Uncle Sun yesterday? A. was   B. were   C. did   D. does 2. They         going to see Mr. Sun tomorrow. A. is   B. are   C. am   D. be 3. Some are         in the river and some are         games. A. s

28、wiming, playing      B. swimming, playing C. swimming, playing    D. swimming, playing 4. Where is Dick? He         to the reading-room. A. has been   B. went   C. has gone    D. goes 5. Mark Twain, an American writer,          everybody here. A. knows   B. is known as   C. is known to   D. is

29、known for 6. I hope he will come to see me before he         here. A. leave B. leaves C. will leave D. left 7. My teacher told me that Australians         English. A. spoke     B. speak C. speaks    D. are speaking 8. I think she         right now. A. reading   B. reads   C. is reading   D. r

30、ead 9. ---- Where are the children? ---- They         a good time in the garden. A. are having   B. have   C. have had   D. had 10. ----- Where         my glasses? I can’t find them. ---- I         them on the bookshelf, but they aren’t there. A. you put, put         B. you have put, have put

31、 C. have you put, put     D. did you put, have put 11. When the police arrived, the man         for 10 minutes. A. died   B. was death   C. had died    D. had been dead 12. By the time this talk is over, we         a lot about the earth. A. will be learning    B. are learning  C. world learn   

32、    D. will have learnt 13. The teachers told me that they         me to smooth away the difficulties. A. helped    B. will help    C. help    D. were going to help 14. ----Have you seen him today? ----Yes, I         him this morning. A. has seen   B. see   C. will see   D. saw 15. He         

33、worried when he heard this news. A. is   B. was    C. does   D. did 16. What’s your friend going         next week. A. doing   B. do    C. does    D. to do 17. I don’t think that it’s true. He’s always         strange stories. A. tell    B. telling    C. told    D. tells 18. Have you ever     

34、    West Hill Farm? A. gone to   B. arrived    C. come to    D. been to 19. How long         he         the novel? A. has, borrowed    B. has, kept C. has, lent         D. is, using 20. He         to do this lessons at eight every evening. A. is begining   B. is beginning    C. begin   D. begi

35、ns 21. The children         a swim this afternoon. A. are going to has    B. is going to have C. are having         D. are going to have 22. There         a telephone call for my brother Steven yesterday. A. is   B. are    C. was   D. were 23.         he         on well with his friends this t

36、erm? A. Does, gets     B. Does, get C. Is, getting     D. Is, geting 24. Who         away my pen? I can’t find it. A. haven taken   B. takes    C. has taken   D. took 25. Shall we         football this Saturday? A. play   B. playing    C. plays    D. to play 26. The children         at school

37、 now. A. is   B. are   C. was    D. were 27. Mr. Smith         short stories, but he         a TV play these days. A. is writing, is writing      B. is writing, writes C. writes, is writing         D. writes, writes 28. He said he         the league for two years. A. has joined   B. has been i

38、n    C. had been in   D. joined 29. She likes watering trees in the garden,         she? A. doesn’t   B. don’t    C. isn’t   D. didn’t 30. What         you         to do to keep the room clean? A. do, have   B. does, have   C. did, have    D. are, have 31. Some flowers         by Kate already.

39、 A. have been watered   B. watered    C. have watered    D. has been watered 32. When winter comes, the leaves         fall. A. are going to    B. will    C. will be    D. would 33. I         to the cinema. I         there every Sunday. A. go, go   B. am going, go    C. go, am going    D. am goi

40、ng, am going 34. You         about the future now,          you? A. don’t think, don’t   B. aren’t thinking, aren’t    C. don’t think, do   D. aren’t thinking, are 35. He was afraid that he         his way. A. would lost   B. would lose    C. is going to   D. shall lose 36. We         each othe

41、r since he left here. A. didn’t see   B. hadn’t seen    C. haven’t seen   D. had seen 37. Mr. Smith         out for a walk in the park every day. A. is going   B. goes   C. went   D. go 38. He         from home for a long time. A. has gone away    B. had gone away C. has left          D. has b

42、een away 39. You mustn’t go too high, or you         dangerous. A. will be   B. are   C. would be    D. is going to 40. We have known each other         . A. since we were young    B. after we were young C. when we are young     D. if we are young 41. She promised she         do better work.

43、A. would    B. will   C. shall    D. is going to 42. How long has this shop         ? A. be open     B. been open C. opened     D. been opened 43. Mr. Smith         here since he moved to his city. A. had lived     B. have live C. have lived    D. has lived 44. ----Have you read the newspaper

44、? ----No, I haven’t      . A. too    B. yet    C. just    D. already 45. Our knowledge of the universe         all the time. A. grow     B. is growing  C. grows    D. grew 46. She won’t go to the cinema if she         the work tomorrow. A. doesn’t finish    B. won’t finish    C. will finish  

45、     D. finish 47. My grandma         for half a year. A. has been dead    B. was dead    C. has died   D. died 48. She         to the Great Wall several times. A. goes   B. has gone    C. went    D. has been 49. The earth         round the sun. A. move   B. moves    C. moved    D. will move

46、50. Liu Fengwei         three yuan for the lost library book. A. paid   B. spent   C. cost   D. took 51. I         the bike for over four years. A. have bought  B. have buy    C. have had   D. bought 52. He told us that he         that factory the next day. A. had visited   B. has visited    C.

47、 will visit    D. would visit 53. His mother         the Party last year. She         a Party member for a year. A. joined, was   B. has joined, is   C. joined, has been   D. has joined, has been 54. We don’t know if it         the day after tomorrow. A. will rain   B. rains    C. rained   D. wo

48、uld rain 55. He said he         his life for his country. A. give   B. gave    C. had given    D. would give 56. He always         to the park on Sunday morning. A. go    B. goes    C. went    D. is going 57. Look, the students         to the teacher carefully. A. is listening   B. are listen

49、ing    C. listen   D. listened 58. He         in this school in 1958. A. taught   B. has taught    C. teaches    D. had taught 59. They said they         to England the next day. A. will fly   B. had flown    C. would fly   D. flew 60. They         the work in two days. A. had finished    B. w

50、ould finished    C. is finishing    D. will finish 61. By the end of last week, we         two thousand words. A. would learn   B. have learned    C. had learned    D. were learning 62. When he left, his mother         . A. is cooking    B. cooked    C. was cooking    D. cooks 63. We’ll go to p

51、lay with snow if it         tomorrow. A. snow   B. snows    C. will snow   D. snowed ( ) 64. There         no milk in the glass. A. have  B. has C. are D. is 65. The train         when we got to the station. A. has just left    B. had just left    C. leaves   D. left 66. Dr Smith is not at hom

52、e. He         to work. A. has gone    B. has been    C. had been   D. had gone 67. That man knows a lot about New York. I heard he         before. A. had gone to the city       B. had been in there C. had been there           D. had been New York 68. The artist         to Europe. He is there n

53、ow. A. has gone    B. has been    C. had gone    D. had been 69. Miss Brown said she         never         to North China before. A. has, gone   B. has, been    C. had, gone   D. had, been 70. What         your grandma         this time yesterday? A. is, doing   B. was, doing    C. did, do    D

54、. had, done 71. I         to see the film because I have lost my ticket. A. won’t go    B. didn’t go    C. don’t go    D. haven’t gone 72. The students will have a football match if it         fine next Saturday. A. will be    B. would be    C. was    D. is 73. She asked me if I         the sto

55、ry before. A. have read    B. had read    C. would read   D. will read 74. What         they         at eight yesterday evening? A. are, doing   B. did, do    C. have, done   D. were, doing 75. You can’t see him now because he         an important meeting. A. is having   B. have    C. has    D.

56、 was having 76. I         to my brother since last summer. A. didn’t write    B. hadn’t written    C. haven’t written    D. don’t write 77. Li Ping will visit the Great Wall as soon as he         free. A. will be   B. is    C. was    D. has been 78. One day when I         the post office I     

57、    my uncle. A. pass, see   B. was passing, saw    C. passed, saw    D. pass, saw 79. He         he         some mistakes in the test. A. said, will make    B. said, made    C. said, had made   D. said, make 80. They         tired so they stopped         a rest. A. are, have   B. were, have   

58、 C. were, to have    D. are, having 81. My father         every day. A. takes a walk    B. took walk    C. take a walk   D. is taking a walk 82. Mary is seven years old. She         eight next year. A. is    B. will   C. was   D. will be 83. A table and many chairs         made by him yesterday

59、. A. was    B. were   C. are being    D. was being 84. I’ll go with you as soon as I         my work. A. will finish   B. shall finish    C. finish   D. finished 85. Trees         green in spring. A. turn    B. turns    C. would turn   D. is turning 86. Yesterday I         in bed all day becau

60、se I had a fever. A. lay   B. lie    C. laid    D. lain 87. Hello, Mike. It’s you. I         you         in Beijing. How long have you been here? A. don’t know, were          B. hadn’t know, are C. haven’t known, are        D. didn’t know, were 88. A: When         again? B: When he         . I

61、’ll let you know. A. he comes, comes          B. will be come, will come C. he comes, will come        D. will he come, comes 89. The last bus         . I had to walk home. A. had gone    B. have gone    C. went    D. has gone 90. A: Are you making cakes? B:         . A. Yes, I do   B. Yes, I

62、am    C. Yes, I’m    D. Yes, I’m making 91. ----What time         ? ----My watch         . A. it is, stopped   B. is it, has stopped    C. it is, has stopped   D. is it, is stopping 92. What         on Sunday? A. does he sometimes do      B. is he often doing C. has he done              D. is

63、usually he do 93. Did you hear someone         at the door when you         TV last night? A. knock, was watching        B. knock, watching C. knock, were watching       D. knock, are watching 94. That Japanese knows         the Salt Lake City. I heard he         before. A. a lot of, had been t

64、here       B. a lot about, had been there C. lot, had been there           D. a lot of, had gone there 95. As soon as we saw his face, we         the news         bad. A. knew, was    B. know, were    C. know, was   D. know, were 96. Reading English magazines and newspapers         helpful to yo

65、ur study of English. A.is     B.are    C.will    D.is going to do 97.Mary ,what         doing ? A.she is    B.are you    C.you are    D.is 98. A: Is this a new radio? B: No,I____it for five years. A. have    B.have had     C.had had    D.will have 99.I' m sure he will come to see me before he         Beijing. A.will leave    B.is leaving     C.would leave    D.leaves 100.It seemed that he         something expensive. A.have lost    B.lost     C.had lost     D.has losted