初中英语语法之时态及练习

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1、 be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化： 一 般 现 在 时 一 般 将 来 时 一 般 过 去 时 一 般 过 去 时 I am…. You are.… He/She/It is…. We/You/They are (I/She/He /It) will be…. I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are I was…. You were.… He/She/It was…. We/You/They were I was…. You were.… He/She/It wa

2、s…. We/You/They were 注意：句型变化时, 否定句在am /is /are /will /was /were / 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t (am后面not不可以缩写)； 疑问句将am /is /are /will /was /were 提前到句首。 其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表： 时态 一 般 现 在 时 现 在 进 行 时 一 般 将 来 时 一 般 过 去 时 谓语动词构成 动词用原形(单三加s / es) (问句和否定句借用助词do / does) am is +动词-ing are will

3、 + 动词原形 am is +going to+动词原形 are 动词用过去式 (问句和否定句借用助词did) 时态的具体用法： (1) 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ①　一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/

4、They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ②　表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开

5、车) ④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) ⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes

6、 the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 ⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is goi

7、ng to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿) (2) 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 ①　表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at ha

8、lf past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话) ②　表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) ③　表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, f

9、rom…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ④　讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) (3) 一般将来

10、时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 ①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。 ②　用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave

11、.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) ③　“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ④　表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some

12、 chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头) ⑤　现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态) ⑥　shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？) ⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An an

13、gel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.　 (4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 ① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。 ② 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) ③ 表示

14、即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候

15、就忘得一干二净) 现在进行时 （ ）1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby.(B)I'm look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby. ( )2._____friend's making______a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his ( )3.Is the woman ______ yellow your teacher?

16、 (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having ( )4.Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking ( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D

17、)Where  ( )6.Is she____something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats ( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do? ( )8.What are you listening_____? (A)/ (B)for (C)at

18、 (D)to ( )9.我正在听他说话. (A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him. (C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him. ( )10.They are_____their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on ( )11.Listen! She____in the classroom. (A)is

19、singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing ( )12.Today Jim______ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing ( )13.______are you eating?I'm eating______meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,

20、a ( )14.They______TV in the evening.They do their homework. (A)are watching (B)can't watching (C)don't watch (D)don't watching ( )15.The children_____football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a ( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风

21、筝吗? (C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝. ( )17.Look,They are swimming in the river. I want_____you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_____a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing 一般将来时 ( ) 1. There ____

22、______ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to wor

23、king D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was

24、 B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; g

25、oing to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不

26、要。） A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get

27、 D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C

28、. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writ

29、es B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, w

30、e’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine ( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________ （不去）. A. they willn’t. B. they

31、won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t. ( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next ti

32、me. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C.

33、is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.

34、 A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be 一般现在时 一、选择题练习 　　1. Who _____ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing 2. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class. 　A. have B.

35、having C. is having D. are having 　　3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries 4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. 　A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing 　　5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____. A. is sleeping B. a

36、re sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep 　　6. Tom is a worker. He _____ in a factory. His sisters _____ in a hospital. 　　 A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works 　　7. Who _____ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking 　　8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day. A.

37、is cleaning B. clean C. cleans 9. We _____ music and often _____ to music. 　　A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening 　　10. She _____ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting 　　11. On Sunday he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopp

38、ing. 　　 A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does 　　12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it. 　　 A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have 14. It’s nine ten. The students ______ a music class. A. have B. having

39、 C. are having 15. Is the man _______ tea or milk? A. drinks B. drink C. drinking 一般过去式 ( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday． A． isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't ( )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖ A． Is B． Was C． Are

40、D． Were ( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now． A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was ( )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday (前天）﹖ A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after ( )5．

41、 —Who was on duty last Friday﹖ —＿＿＿＿＿＿． A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, 1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month. 2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So he ______ (get ) up late. 3. Mary __________ (re

42、ad) English yesterday morning. 4. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago. 5. I ___________ (call) Mike this morning. 6. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing. 7. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 8. Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm. 9. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday. 10. She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night.