【2019中考复习】中考介词考点梳理

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1、中考介词考点梳理 介词是一种用来表示词语词之间、词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独做句子成分。介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in，under，on，for，after等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如in front of，instead of，far from等。介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词＋名词/代词等” 构成的短语，如at school，by bus，on Sunday等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词(作连词时，其后接句子)，如after，before等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作副词

2、，如above，below等。 介词是中考试卷中的“常客”，从时间上看，年年都要考；从地点上看，每个地区都要考。考查介词的主要题目有：单项填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻译等。 一、对时间介词的考查 介词 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 语 at ① 表示在某个时刻或是瞬间 ② 用在节假日前表示“在……期间” ③ 用于某些固定搭配 I usually get up at half past six. Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas. at noon; at night; at midnight on 表示在具体

3、的某一天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等 I like visiting friends on Sundays. The accident happened on a rainy evening. in ① 用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等 ② 泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上 ③“in+时间段”，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般将来时态 in January; in summer; in the 1990s in the morning / afternoon / evening She says that her mother will be back _________

4、___________ (两个小时后) . during 在……期间 during the summer holidays before 在……之前 He will be back before suppertime. after ①“after+具体时刻”，表示“在……之后” ②“after+时间段”不与将来时连用。 after three o’clock / lunch / August He will arrive ______ (after / in) an hour. since 后接时间点或过去时的句子，表示 “自从……以来” He has taugh

5、t English since 2001. I haven’t seen him since he left last time. for 后接时间段，表示“持续一段时间” He has lived here for eight years. till / until ① 表示持续到某个时候 ② not …until… 意为“直到……才” It may last till / until next Friday. We can’t get off the bus until it stops. from from … to … 意为“从……到……” We go to s

6、chool from Monday to Friday. by ① 表示“在……之前”、“不迟于” ② 表示“到……为止” You must be here by ten o’clock tomorrow. by the end of last year / next year; by now 【中考例题】 1. (2015连云港) I was born ______ December 17. This year I’ll hold a birthday party for it at home. A. on B. at C. in D. by

7、2. (2015四川凉山) —Do you know Victory Day in China? —Yes, it’s ______ September 3rd ______ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history. A. in; on B. on; / C. at; / D. on; in 3. (2015山东临沂) For many Wester

8、n people, they drink cold water even ______ winter. A. on B. for C. at D. in 4. (2015甘肃武威) —The charity walk begins ______ 9:00. Don’t be late. —No problem. A. at B. by C. in D. on 5. (2015安徽) The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ______

9、four days. A. after B. for C. during D. in 6. (2015菏泽短文填空) After walking around ________ some time, she came to a river. 7. (2015德州首字母填空) He has been away from home s________ two days ago. 8. (2015温州句子填空) The Highland Museum is opened every day ______ Monday. 二、对地点、方位介词的考查 介 词

10、图 示 意 义 例 句 1 in 在……之内 The students are reading in the classroom. 学生们在教室里读书。 2 on 在……上面 The boat is on the river. 那条船在河上。 3 beneath 在……下面 (紧贴着表面) The sun is now beneath the horizon. 太阳此刻落到地平线下了。 4 over 在……（正）上方 There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。

11、 5 under 在……（正）下方 The boat sailed under the bridge. 船在桥下行驶。 6 above 在……上方 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。 7 below 在……下方 The sun sinks below the horizon. 太阳沉没在地平线下。 8 by / beside 在……旁边 Tom is sitting by / beside the window. 汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。 9 near 在……附近

12、 I don’t need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。 介 词 图 示 意 义 例 句 10 next to 紧挨…… My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。 11 behind 在……后面 Olive hid behind a tree. 奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。 12 outside 在……外面 He parked his car outsid

13、e the theater. 他把汽车停在剧场外面。 13 to 到……去 We walked to the fruit shop. 我们步行到水果店。 14 from 从……来 We traveled to London from Edinburgh. 我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。 15 (a)round 围绕…… We all sat around the table. 我们都围绕着桌子坐。 16 between 在……之间（指二者） The letter B is between A and C. 字母B在A和C之间。 17

14、among 在……之间（指三者或三者以上） The house stands among the trees. 房子在树丛中。 18 across 横过、越过 (从表面跨过) If the road is busy, don’t walk across it. 如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。 19 through 穿过…… (从内部穿过) We drove through the tunnel. 我们开车穿过了隧道。 20 past / by 从旁边经过/ 路过…… I went past / by a bakery on my

15、 way home. 我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。 21 onto 到……上 The men lift the baskets onto the trucks. 人们把篮子运上卡车。 22 into 到……里 They put the apples into the baskets. 他们把苹果放进篮子里。 23 out of 从……出来 Don’t look out of the window in class. 上课时不要朝窗外看。 24 along 沿着 Walk along this street, then tu

16、rn left, you can see the post office. 沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。 at, in, on表示地点的用法：①at表地点时，指空间位置上的某一点，后面常接小地方。如：at the bus stop；②in表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内，后面接大地方。如：in shanghai；③on表地点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等。如：on the table等。 in, on, to表示方位的用法：①范围之内用in；②相邻、接壤用on；③不相邻或隔海相望用to。 【中考例题】 9. (2015江苏泰州) —I like t

17、he weather in Kunming. It’s warm all year long. —Yes. And the temperature stays ______ zero all the time. A. at　　 B. below　　 C. around　　 D. above 10. (2015苏州) In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains ______ zero all day. A. above B. below C. over D. under 11. (2015益阳

18、) The bank is ______ the bookstore and the post office. A. at the front of D. among C. between D. in 12. (2015潍坊) You must be careful when you swim ______ the lake. A. across B. below C. over D. through 13. (2015贵州铜仁) —Excuse me, where is the bookstore? —Go ______ the bridge.

19、You’ll see it on your left. A. on B. cross C. across D. through 14. (2015黑龙江绥化) Heilongjiang Province is _____ the northeast of China. A. to B. in C. on D. at 15. (2014天津) Cambridge is a small city ______ the east of England. A. between B. wi

20、th C. in D. under 16. (2015南宁) Jim sits behind me, so I sit ______ him. A. at the top of B. at the end of C. in the middle of D. in front of 三、对手段、方法介词的考查 介词 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 语 by ① by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具” ② by doing sth.：“通过某种方式” He goes to school by bus every day. I learn English by

21、listening to the radio. in ① in+语言类名词：“用某种语言” ② in+工具：“用某种工具或材料” Can you say it in English? Don’t write it in pencil. Write it in ink. with ① with+工具：“用某种工具或材料” ② with the help of…：“在……的帮助下” I often do my homework with a pen. With the help of him, I won the match. on 通过某个设备 He listens t

22、o music on the radio. 【中考例题】 17. (2015江苏镇江) Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money _____ the Internet. A. through B. along C. across D. towards 18. (2014上海) More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work ______ underground. A. in B. with

23、 C. by D. for 19. (2014成都) Gina, what’s this ______ English? A. by B. for C. in D. with 20. (2014莱芜) We can save money ______ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside. A. by B. to C. for D. with 四、对其他常用介词的考查 介词 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 语 about ① 大约 ②“关于”，只

24、表示“和……有关” There are about 60 pupils in my class. I want to tell you a story about animals. on “关于”，多表示内容具有专门性，是严肃的和学术性的 It’s a book on animals. 这是一本论及动物的书。(学术专著) like “像……一样” He talked to me like his father. as “作为；以……的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词 As a volunteer, I must try my best to help you with y

25、our problems. except “除……之外”，指从整体中除去一部分 We are all here except Li Ming.（李明不在这儿） besides “除……之外还有（包括在内）” We are all here besides Li Ming.（李明在这儿） with 表示伴随，意为“和……一起” I went to plant trees with my friends. without 表示“没有”，常作状语 He left without saying a word. for ① 表示目的，意为“为了” ② 表示原因、理由 He

26、 came here for a cup of tea. Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”. towards “朝……方向” A dog is running towards me. off “离开，脱离” Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。 against 靠着；反对 He is sleeping soundly against a tree. instead of “代替” I went swimming instead of watching TV. because of “因为……”，表示原因 I

27、didn’t go out because of the bad weather. 【中考例题】 21. (2015福州) —Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her? —Of course. She was tall and thin ______ long hair. A. in B. with C. on D. for 22. (2015龙岩) Jack had to stop working though it was ______ his own wishes. A.

28、on B. for C. against D. by 23. (2015河南) Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn’t kill them ______ food or clothing. A. in B. with C. about D. for 24. (2015连云港) It is great ______ us to get so many favourite books on International Children’s Book Day. A. to B. with

29、 C. of D. for 25. (2015凉山完形填空) He looked at me and, ______ a word, smiled. A. in B. with C. without D. for 26. (2014四川省内江市) All of us went to the park ______ Bob. He had to look after his sister. A. besides B. with C. except D. besides 五、对介词短语的考查 搭配情况 介 词 固 定 搭 配 与 名

30、 词 的 搭 配 at at night / noon; at once; at first / last; at home / school / work after after school / class; after breakfast / lunch / supper; after all by by the way; by the lake / river; by now; by chance / accident in in class; in time; in town; in the future; in fact; in a car / taxi

31、on on time; on duty; on business; on foot; on a train / ship / plane for for example; for a while; for sure; for fun; the idea / technology for… to the answer to… / the way to… / the key to… with have problem / trouble / difficulty / fun with… // make friends with… 与 动 词 的 搭 配 about w

32、orry about; talk about; think about; learn / know about at look at; laugh at; shout at; point at; knock at; arrive at; call at swh. for look for; ask for; wait for; stand for; leave for; send for sb. from hear from sb.; learn from sb.; come from; be made from on depend on; get on; call on sb

33、.;（put on; try on; turn on） off get off; fall off; show off;（take off; see sb. off） to belong to; listen to; get to; write to; help oneself to; say hello / hi to… with begin with; talk / chat with sb.; agree with sb.; get on / along with sb. 与 形 容 词 的 搭 配 about be sure about; be sorr

34、y about at be mad at; be good / bad at; be surprised at; be talented at of be afraid / scared of; be sure / proud / fond / jealous / full of with be busy / strict / angry / popular / satisfied / covered / filled with in be interested in; be different in size; be strict in sth. for be famou

35、s for; be late for; be ready for; be good / bad for to be polite / rude / cruel to sb.; be good / friendly / kind / bad to sb. from be away from; be different from; be… away from 【中考例题】 27. (2015滨州) My mother says my friend is similar ______ me, but I think she is different ______ me. A.

36、 as; from B. to; from C. to; to D. as; to 28. (2015盐城) This photo reminded the old man ______ the days when he was young. A. with B. for C. by D. of 29. (2015武威) They hope it can protect them ______ terrible air. A. in B. from C. for D. at 30. (2015广州) When the k

37、ing saw that she as playing his old harp, he was filled ______ joy. A. in B. of C. by D. with 31. (2014山西) This kind of dress is ______ this year, and I really want to get one A. in danger B. in trouble C. in style D. in time 32. (2014四川) Mr. Yang’s daughter is pretty

38、good ___ drawing pictures and won many prizes. A. with B. for C. in D. at 33. (2014天津) Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so we’re proud ______ them. A. in B. on C. of D. for 34. (2015广安完形填空) I learn ______ my teacher and my classmates at th

39、e corner. A. to B. at C. for D. from 35. (2015烟台) Compared ______ some unhappy people, those who are always pleased and relaxed are less likely to suffer colds. A. at B. with C. in D. of 附：介词的省略 省略情况 示 例 表示时间的短语中介词的省略。 (in) this morning / afternoon / evening; (on) the n

40、ext day; (in) next week / month / year; (in) last night / week / year; (on) the day before yesterday; (in) the year before last; (on) tomorrow morning; (on) every / some / one / all day … 在肯定句中表示一段时间的for常可省略。 I have been waiting for you (for) a whole afternoon. He has studied English (for) fi

41、ve years. 在“of+大小、形状、年龄”等结构中，of 常省略。 When I was (of) your age, I knew much less than you. The desks in our class are (of) the same colour, material, shape, height and length. 在here，there，home等副词前。 come (to) here; go (to) there; go (to) home 某些习语中的省略。 be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 (in) this

42、 / that way 以这种/那种方法 stop / prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 spend …(in) doing sth. 在做某事上花费…… have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事中遇到麻烦 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 近年河北省中考介词真题 1. (2015) This food is free. You don’t have to ______ it. A. look for B. pay for C. ask for D. wait for

43、 2. (2014) You see, Kevin is writing ______ his left hand. A. at B. as C. for D. with 3. (2013) ______ age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition. A. In B. At C. On D. For 4. (2012) We can be thankful every day, not just ______ Thanksgiving Day. A. in B

44、. on C. to D. by 5. (2011) This school is different ______ others. It has many out-of-class activities. A. off B. from C. of D. for 6. (2015邯郸一模) Jessica took part in the English competition ___ the morning of April tenth. A. in B. on C. to D. by 7. (2015邯郸二模)

45、 Don’t play computer games too much. It’s bad ______ your eyes. A. for B. with C. on D. at 8. (2015石家庄18县联考) Sam likes skating very much. He has been skating ____ four hours. A. for B. since C. with D. in 9. (2015邢台一模) —When is Henry’s birthday party, Lynn? —The 18

46、th, ______ about three o’clock in the afternoon. A. in B. at C. on D. to 10. (2015石家庄新华区质量检测) Remember to run ______ the road quickly while it is clear. A. across B. for C. after D. of 11. (2015廊坊三模) —Excuse me. Where is the Hope Cinema? —Go up this road to the end.

47、Go ______ the bridge and you’ll find it. A. cross B. crossing C. across D. down 12. (2015石家庄裕华区模拟) Zhang Mei really wants to improve her English. She often practises English ______ chatting with her English friend Tony. A. in B. by C. for D. with 13. (2015路北一模) —What

48、 are Mexicans supposed to do when they meet ___ the first time? —They are supposed to shake hands. A. for B. on C. among D. in 14. (2015石家庄一模) Don’t worry ______ your physics. I will help you ______ it. A. with; about B. about; on C. on; about D. about; with 15. (2015张家口

49、一模) They had a picnic ______ the foot of the mountain last Sunday. A. for B. to C. of D. at 参考答案 中考介词考点梳理 1-5. ABDAD 6. for 7. since 8. except 9-10. DB 11-15. CACBC 16-20. DACCA 21-25. BCDDC 26-30. CBDBD 31-35. CDCDB 近年河北省中考介词真题 1-5. BDBBB 6-10. BAABA 11-15. CBADD - 9 - 中考介词考点梳理