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1、Two goals:Reading EnglishLearning about culture of English- speaking countries REQUIREMENTS:Class participation 25%Homework 25%Final exam 25%Term paper 25% Commonwealth of Nations: With 52 countries which used to be British colonies.（http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commonwealth_of_Nations.svg） Euro
2、pe: Cyprus, Malta, UK Africa: Botswana, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, India, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri LankaOceania: Australia,
3、 New Zealand, Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu North America: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, United States, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago South Amer
4、ica: Guyana United Kingdom of Britain and Northern IrelandBritain Northern IrelandEngland Scotland Wales For one thing, the days of empire are now long enough ago that only old people remember it as anything of any importance in their lives. 比如，大英帝国时代过去太久，现在只有在老年人的记忆里，大英帝国才有那么一点儿意义。 Par 2, p 2 not l
5、east in the close relationships which exist with the countries which used to be a part of that empire, and which maintain links through aorganization. 尤其是同英联邦国家的密切关系，那些国家曾是英帝国的一部分，现在通过英联邦这样一个松散、自愿参加的组织保持关系。 What is the key theme? - It is not easy to sum up the characteristics of the British people i
6、n a few words. p. 4Stereotype： A fixed (usually wrong) image of somebody or something. British people are different from each other in terms of： region religion gender economy race Par 2, p. 4it is a society with a class-structure. It is possible to exag- gerate the importance of this class-structur
7、e, because, but it is true that. 英国是一个有阶级的国家。我也许夸大了这种阶级体系的重要性，读者会说大多数国家都有某种阶级存在，但是英国的阶级构成的确比较明显。 Par 3, p. 4though the boundary between them is not marked on any map, and exists only as a rather unclear mental attitude.注释8：，只是一条模糊的、存在于人们心理上的纬线。改：虽然这个差别并没有标注在任何一张地图上， 而只是人们头脑中的一种态度。 Dominance of Londo
8、n: Population: 1/7 of national population Politics: national capital Culture: long history Business: big companies Dominance of England Population: over 80% of nation Area: over of nation Par 2, p. 5 England is physically the largest of the four nations, and it has by far the largest population. Thi
9、s dominance in size is reflected in. 改译：面积和人口的优势反映在 Par 3, p. 5 Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. 注释12：英国是由许多凯尔特人的部落王国构成的，其强大的文化源于中欧地区。 改：那时，英国由许多凯尔特部落王国组成，其强大的文化随着凯尔特人从欧洲中部迁移到不列颠。 Meaning of England and EnglishTo foreigne
10、rs, equate to Britain and British（英国）To Scots and Welsh, just England (英格兰） Par 3, p. 6the English have wished to see their monarch as something other than a remote dictator, and have in fact managed to gradually bind the monarchy into a more democratic system, rather than completely rejecting it.逐渐
11、将君主制融入一种民主体系，而不是完全摒弃君主制。 Invasion of Britain43 AD，Romans（罗马帝国，欧洲）449 AD，Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁-撒克逊人，北 欧）Late 8th-11th Century, Vikings（维京人，北欧）1066, Normans（诺曼人，法国北部） Par 2, p. 7 The Normans did not: rather they imported a ruling class. 诺曼人并没有向不列颠大举移民，而只是带来了一个新的统治阶级。 Scotland About 5 million people Mountia
12、nous areas Braveheart Are You Going to Scarbarrow Fair Are you going to Scarborough FairParsley, sage, rosemary and thymeRemember me to one who lives thereShe once was a true love of mineTell her to make me a cambric shirtParsley, sage, rosemary and thymeWithout no seams nor needle workThen shell be
13、 a true love of mine Tell her to find me an acre of land(On the side of a hill a sprinkling of leaves)Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme(Washes the grave with silvery tears)Between the salt water and the sea strands(A soldier cleans and polishes a gun)Then shell be a true love of mineTell her to reap
14、 it with a sickle of leather(War bellows blazing in scarlet battalions)Parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme(Generals order their soldiers to kill)And gather it all in a bunch of heather(And to fight for a cause theyve long ago forgotten)Then shell be a true love of mineAre you going to Scarborough Fair
15、Parsley, sage, rosemary and thymeRemember me to one who lives there She once was a true love of mine Par 3, p. 7 a process of joining together, so that any English identity eventually became swamped by the necessity of adopting a wider British identity, both to uniteand to present a single identity externally 将不列颠岛各部统一在英格兰之下的过程，结果“英格兰个性”被“不列颠个性”所替代，这样既可以团结国内力量，也可对外呈现统一的帝国形象。
英语国家社会与文化入门01Unit1
