三级齿轮减速器壳体的应力分析与优化设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

三级齿轮减速器壳体的应力分析与优化设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译,三级,齿轮,减速器,壳体,应力,分析,优化,设计,外文,文献,翻译,中英文 英文原文 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol.658(2014)pp 183-188 Submitted: 29.04.2014 (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Revised : 22.05.2014 Doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.658.183 Accepted: 27.05.2014 Stress Analysis and Optimal Design of the Housing of a Three-Stage Gear Reducer COJOCARU Vasile 1,a*, KORKA Zoltan-losif 1,b And MICLOSINA Calin-Octavian 1,c 1”Eftimie Murgu” University of Resita, Faculty of Engineering and Management, Department of Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Traian Vuia Square, No.1~4, 320085 Resita, Romania a*v.cojocaru@uem.ro, bz.korka@uem.ro, cc.miclosina@uem.ro Keywords: gear reducer; housing stress; displacement; finite element analysis Abstract. The design of the housings of the gear reducers is made, usually, using empirical equations based on the center distance (the distance between shafts). These equations can lead to inappropriate stresses distribution and inadequate material consumption at the final product. In the manufacturing of large series and in the manufacturing of the gear reducers/ gearboxes with large dimensions it is necessary an optimization of the housing dimensions. The use of the finite element analysis in this process, combined with experimental researches, can generate significant improvements. The paper is focused on the analysis of stresses distribution and displacements on the housing of a two-stage helical gear reducer with parametric dimensions and loads. The housing is subjected to a static finite element study. The optimization process aimed to minimize the total weight of the housing. The next features were submitted to dimensional changes: the thickness of the housing walls and the thickness of the ribs. The results presented as diagrams of stresses and displacements distributions show real opportunities to reduce the total weight of the housing and the material consumption. Introduction One of the major trends of the mechanical engineering is the design of compact equipment with lower mass and lower material consumption. On the gear reducers/ gear boxes this goal can be reach by an optimal design of the gearing [1,2] and of gear supporting elements (shafts, housing). The design process of the helical gears reducers involves the calculations of the main parameters that influence the dimensions of the housing of the gear reducer: the center distance, the diameter of the bearings, the outside diameters of the gearwheels, the shafts lengths. The other dimensions of the housing are defined by empirical equations. In the scientific literature of the gear engineering are listed various equations for the calculus of the thickness of the housing walls, δ [mm]. These equations are based usually on the overall length (l) of the housing [3]: δ=(0.004...0.0005)•l+4，or on the total center distance (a) of the reducers[4]: δ=0.025•a+5. The value calculated for δ, is used in the calculus of the dimensions of the housing ribs and flanges [3]. This design algorithm can generate the oversizing of housing, increasing the mass of the reducer and the manufacturing costs. These conclusions lead to the necessity of optimization of the design process of the housing. The complexity of the housing geometry makes difficult to accomplish the determination of the strains and stresses by analytical relations. Evaluation of the strains and stresses by experimental methods is expensive and it is difficult to extrapolate the results of the measurements. The use of the finite element simulations, validated through experimental researches, can generate solutions for a proper stress distributions and an optimal design of the gear housing [5,6]. The use of parametric models in the finite element analysis allows the rapid changes of the dimensions and the loads applied to the part. Thereby the analysis can be run for a wide range of typo-dimensions, decreasing the time needed to release a new product. The current research aims to highlight the possibilities of improvement of the housing of a two-stage helical gear reducer using finite element simulations. Conclusions The results of the FEM simulations performed on the housing of a two-stage gear reducer submitted to static loads show that the geometry and dimensions obtained from empirical equations can be optimized. This optimization can be made based on the FEM simulations validated by experimental measurements. The maximum values of the Von Misses stresses obtained for the geometries analyzed are far below the allowable limit of the steel used in simulations. The maximum values of displacements are within acceptable limits, however shall be deemed that these displacements can accentuate the housing vibrations in the dynamic loads conditions. This observation leads to the conclusion that the criterion of rigidity should be a priority in the designing process of the housing. The charts of stresses and displacements distributions allow the identification of the weak areas. The geometrical changes of the housing made in these areas generate adequate solutions with the best ratio between the mass decrease and the stress/displacement increase. Acknowledgment The work has been funded by the Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development 2007-2013 of the Ministry of European Funds through the Financial Agreement POSDRU/159/1.5/S/132395. References [1] L. Tudose et al., Optimal design of two-stage speed reducer using two-phase evolutionary algorithm, International Journal of Mechanics, Issue 3, Volume 2, 2008, pp.55-66. [2] O. Buiga, C.O. Popa, Optimal Mass Design of a Single-Stage Helical Gear Unit with Genetic Algorithms, Proceedings of the Romanian Academy, Series A. Vol. 13, No.3/2012,pp.243-250. [3]D. Muhs,H. Wittcl,D. Jannasch, Roloff/Matck - Machinc Elements, in Romanian, Vol. II, Matrix Rom, ISBN 978-973-755-412-3, Bucuresti, 2008. [4] I. Palade et al.,Gear reducers, in Romanian,Dunarea de Jos University,Galati,2008, available online at http://www.om.ugal.ro/om/biblioteca. [5] M. Davis et al., Designing for Static and Dynamic Loading of a Gear Reducer Housing with FEA. Power Transmission Engineering Magazine, February 2010, available at www.powertransmission.com,pp.32-37. [6] S.M. Patil, S.M, Pise, Modal and Stress Analysis of Differential Gearbox Casing with Optimization, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol.3,Issue 6, Nov-Dec 2013. pp.188-193. [7] V. Cojocaru, Z. Korka, C. Miclosina, Influence of the Mesh Parameters on Stresses and Strains in FEM Analysis of a Gear Housing, Analele Universitatii Eftimie Murgu, Fascicula I, anul XX, no.2, 2013, ISSN 1453 - 7397,pp.47-52. [8] S.Radzevich,Dudley’s Handbook of Practical Gear Design and Manufacture, CRC Press, NewYork,2012, ISBN: 978-1-4398-6602-3. [9] E.J.Hearn, Mechanics of Materials, Third Edition, Blutterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 2000. [10]G.X. Zhang, E. Rigaud, J.C. Pascal, J. Sabot, Gearboxes: Indirect Identification of Dynamic Forces Transmitted to Housing Through Bearings, 4th World Congress on Gearing and Power Transmission,Paris, France, 1999. 中文译文 三级齿轮减速器壳体的应力分析与优化设计 发表于应用力学与材料学报658期，由Vasile, Zoltan Losif和Calin Octavian编写，由瑞士Trans Tech出版物出版 关键词:减速器，壳体，应力，位移，有限元分析。 摘要：齿轮减速器箱体的设计，通常采用基于中心距(轴间距离)的经验公式。这些方程会导致在最终产品有着不适当的应力分布和不充分的材料消耗。在大批量生产和大尺寸齿轮减速器/变速箱的生产中，必须对箱体尺寸进行优化。在这个过程中使用有限元分析，结合实验研究，可以产生显著的改进。本文对具有参数尺寸和载荷的两级斜齿轮减速器壳体的应力分布和位移进行了分析。该壳体进行了静力有限元研究。优化过程的目标是使外壳的总重量最小。下一个特征描述了尺寸的变化:减速器箱体的厚度和肋的厚度。应力和位移分布的图表结果，显示了减少箱体的总重量和材料消耗的真实情况。 介绍： 机械工程的主要趋势之一是设计出质量更小、材料消耗更低的紧密型设备。在齿轮减速器/齿轮箱上，这一目标可以通过齿轮[1,2]和齿轮支撑元件(轴，外壳)的优化设计来实现。 斜齿轮减速器的设计过程中涉及到影响减速器壳体尺寸的主要参数的计算：中心距离，轴承的直径，齿轮外径，轴的长度。箱体的其他维度是由经验方程定义的。 在齿轮工程的科学文献中列出了计算壳体壁厚度的各种公式，δ [mm]. 这些方程式通常以壳体的总长度(l)为基础[3]: δ=(0.004...0.0005)•l+4，或在减速器的总中心距离(a)上[4]: δ=0.025•a+5。计算δ值，用于计算箱体肋和法兰盘[3]的尺寸。该设计算法可能产生箱体过大，增大减速器的质量和制造成本的问题。这些结论引出了对箱体设计过程进行优化的必要性。 由于壳体几何形状的复杂性，很难通过解析关系来确定应力和应变。用实验方法评估应变和应力是昂贵的，而且很难推断测量结果。使用有限元模拟，通过实验研究验证，可以产生适当的应力分布和齿轮壳的优化设计的解决方案[5,6]。在有限元分析中参数化模型的使用允许快速变化的尺寸和载荷应用到零件。因此，该分析过程可以针对较为广泛的尺寸进行，从而减少发布新产品所需的时间。目前的研究旨在强调利用有限元模拟改进两级斜齿轮减速器外壳的可能性。 总结： 对静载荷作用下的两级减速器壳体进行了有限元仿真，结果表明，根据经验方程得到的壳体几何尺寸是可以优化的。这种优化可以在有限元模拟和实验测量的基础上进行。所分析的几何形状的最大应力值远低于模拟中使用的钢的允许极限。最大位移值在可接受的范围内，但应认为这些位移在动荷载条件下会加重壳体振动。这一观察得出的结论是，刚度标准应优先考虑箱体的设计过程中。应力和位移分布图允许识别薄弱区域。在这些区域中箱体的几何变化产生了适当的解决方案，质量下降和应力/位移增加之间的最佳比例。