小型智能叶菜类蔬菜收割机设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
小型智能叶菜类蔬菜收割机设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译,小型,智能,叶菜类,蔬菜,收割机,设计,外文,文献,翻译,中英文
Design of small intelligent vegetable harvester
Gao long, Yijinggang, Kong Degang, Yuan Yongwei
Absrtact: at present, most of the vegetable harvesting in China is basically done manually, the harvesting efficiency is low, and the damage to vegetables is great. Aiming at the problems of leaf vegetable harvesting, a small intelligent automatic leaf vegetable harvester was designed by using function tree to analyze the machine function. The machine can intelligently adjust the cutting width and stubble height of harvested vegetables according to the different kinds of vegetables, and adopt battery DC drive technology, wire rod lifting technology, bidirectional lead screw technology and grading transmission technology. The harvester has high harvesting efficiency, which can ensure the harvesting quality of vegetables and meet the needs of leafy vegetables in most areas of China.
Research on Agricultural Mechanization
[Year (Vol.), Issue ]2016(000)009
[Total pages ]4
[keywords] vegetable harvester; cutting adjustment; stubble adjustment
0 Introduction
According to the latest information :2014, China's vegetable area of more than 20 million hm2, Annual output exceeding t ,700 million For over 500 kg per person, Both ranked first in the world [1]. Among them, Facilities vegetable area up to hm2,3.862 million Leaf vegetables account for 50%[2] of facility vegetables. Because of the ecological characteristics of different leafy vegetables, The unified harvest of leafy vegetables is difficult, Its harvest work basically depends on manual completion; But the growth cycle is short, The quality of harvesting is difficult to control, Directly affect the quality of vegetables, and the value [3] of leaf vegetables is reduced. As labor prices rise, The cost of manual harvesting has increased significantly in the cost of vegetables, A kind of intelligent leaf vegetable harvesting machinery [4] is urgently needed in the market. To that end, Design an intelligent automatic leafy vegetable harvester, Can vary according to vegetable species and harvesting requirements, Intelligent adjustment of cutting amplitude and stubble height, And the key working parts are optimized. This machine makes full use of power resources, To minimize environmental pollution during machine operations, Make it meet the harvesting requirements of leafy vegetables in most areas of China.
1 Device programming
For the purpose of designing the functions of the small intelligent automatic leafy vegetable harvester, the function tree [5] of the harvester is analyzed, and the analysis structure is shown in figure 1
According to the principle of creation method, the functional morphology matrix [6] can be established, as shown in Table 1.
according to the morphological matrix theory, there can be 2×3×3×3,2×3,3=324 schemes to realize the function in the functional tree. Through the analysis of similar products in domestic and foreign markets, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various execution methods and taking into account the requirements of cost, difficulty and reliability of assembly of small intelligent automatic leafy vegetable harvester, the final scheme is determined as disk drive wheel walking, conveyor belt conveying vegetables, two-way lead screw cutting pair adjustment, wire rod lifting stubble adjustment, disc cutter cutting vegetables, and manual start-stop control scheme.
2 General structure
The blade vegetable harvester uses battery as DC power supply; the front end of the harvester is equipped with stubble height adjustment mechanism, which is composed of DC motor and wire rod lift, which is driven up and down by DC motor; the front end is equipped with cutting adjusting device, which is driven by motor and can be adjusted manually. The stubble adjusting mechanism, the splitter, the cutting amplitude adjusting mechanism, the conveying mechanism, the conveying DC motor, the forward handrail, the control box, the walking wheel and the collection box are all installed on the rack, and the cutting knife driven by the DC motor is arranged on the cutting amplitude adjusting mechanism, as shown in figure 2.
As shown in Fig .2, the DC motor is directly connected with the wire rod hoist, both of which are installed in the front end of the frame; the splitter is installed in the middle of the front end of the frame; the cutting mechanism is installed in the lower part of the frame; the front end of the conveying mechanism is installed in the front end of the cutting mechanism, the middle part is arranged in the middle of the frame, and the rear is installed in the rear end of the frame; the battery is placed in the lower part of the frame; the driving wheel is arranged in the lower part of the battery and connected to the frame; the control box is installed on the right side of the middle of the frame; The vegetable collection box is installed at the rear of the rack, and the forward armrest is connected to the protruding part of the rear of the rack.
When working, the species of harvested vegetables are determined, the signal is sent out by the control box, the amplitude and width adjustment mechanism and the wire rod lift are moved to the appropriate harvesting position, and the two actions stop. At this point, the cutter starts to work, the walking wheel starts to walk under the drive of the DC motor, and the conveying mechanism moves under the drive of the conveying motor. The harvested vegetables are flipped and transported to the secondary conveying device by the first stage conveying device °90.
3. Key component design
3.1 Cutting adjustment mechanism
The cutting adjustment mechanism is composed of the main adjustment mechanism and the fine adjustment mechanism.The main adjustment mechanism mainly includes DC motor, bidirectional lead screw and cutter placement device.The micro adjustment mechanism includes a small two-way lead screw, a handwheel and a width controller, as shown in Figure 3.
The whole adjusting mechanism is installed at the front end of the harvester support; the DC motor is connected with the bidirectional lead screw through the coupling, and the square nut on the bidirectional lead screw is connected with the cutter placement device. When the DC motor rotates, the bidirectional lead screw rotates and drives the square nut to move in a straight line, thus realizing the adjustment of the harvest line spacing. The square nut on the small two-way screw in the fine-tuning mechanism directly fixed the width controller and adjusted the spacing of the width controller by shaking the handwheel on both sides. The main function of the fine-tuning mechanism is to adjust the clamping width of different vegetables manually.
3.2 Cutting height adjustment mechanism
The stubble height adjustment mechanism consists of DC motor, wire rod hoist and walking wheel, as shown in figure 4.
The DC motor is directly connected with the wire rod hoist, the two wire rod elevators are connected by the synchronous shaft, and the walking wheel is installed at the lower end of the wire rod of the wire rod hoist.
The stubble adjusting mechanism determines the stubble height according to the species and growth status of different leafy vegetables. The control device gives the definite signal, the DC motor rotates, drives the wire rod lift to carry on the lifting movement, thus realizes the different kind and the different growth condition vegetable has the different stubble height.
3.3 Transport institutions
The conveying mechanism is composed of the first stage conveying mechanism and the second stage conveying mechanism: the first stage conveying mechanism mainly includes the front end vertical conveying small wheel, the transverse conveying wheel and the strip belt, etc. The second stage conveying mechanism includes the front and rear conveying wheel, the wide conveyor belt, etc. The structure is shown in figure 5.
The first stage conveying mechanism is installed on the front end of the vegetable harvester, one end of the strip belt is installed on the vertical conveying wheel, the other end of the adjacent two belts is placed on the upper and lower two vertical conveying wheels respectively, and the vegetables can be transported by clamping force between the adjacent two belts. The main function of the primary conveying mechanism is to hold and transport the harvested leafy vegetables and the vertical vegetables horizontally and then to the secondary conveying mechanism; The secondary conveying mechanism conveys the vegetables from the primary conveying mechanism to a higher position and throws them into the collection box.
4 Determination of vegetable transport speed
The conveying mechanism is a bridge connecting cutter and collecting box, and its speed directly affects the working performance of the whole machine. The conveying mechanism can not be blocked or waste unnecessary power, and the vegetables should be stored in the collection box. In order to ensure the harvest quality of leafy vegetables, it is necessary to calculate the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism and obtain the conveying speed matching the walking speed of the whole machine.
4.1 Speed calculation of the first stage conveyor mechanism
The first stage conveying mechanism mainly depends on the clamping force of the strip belt to carry on the vegetable transportation, the conveyor belt fast clamps the vegetable layer thin, the conveyor belt slow increases the vegetable layer thickness. At this point, the conveyor belt speed should be determined according to the specified vegetable stacking thickness so that the conveyor belt unit time of vegetable transport and machine harvest equal and [7]. i
VmBq1=Vsdq2(1)
The speed of Vm — machine (m/s);
q1— vegetable production density (plant/ m3);
B— cuts (m);
Vs — first class conveyor belt speed (m/s);
The clamping thickness of d — vegetables in the conveyor belt (mm);
q2— is the concentration density of vegetables on the conveyor belt (m/s).
And so there's Vs =VmBq1/dq2=VmB /kd (2)
The k is the vegetable accumulation coefficient, the k=q1/q2,k is generally 18~33, dk=q1/q2,k 60 mm ..1
4.2 Calculation of secondary transport mechanism
The secondary conveyor belt needs to have a certain thickness of vegetable stacking. The relationship between the velocity Vd of the secondary conveyor belt and the thickness h the clamping layer can be obtained by analyzing its conveying principle
Vd =VsB /kh (3)
Formula Vd — the speed of the secondary conveyor belt;
h — the stacking height of vegetables on the secondary conveyor belt.
At the same time, in order to throw vegetables into the collection box, the end of the secondary conveyor belt should also meet the following conditions [8](see figure 6), that is
mrω2≥mgcosα(4)
The quality of m — vegetables (kg);
Radius of r— delivery wheels (mm);
ω— the angular velocity of the conveyor belt wheel (rad/s);
g— gravitational acceleration (m/s2);
α— the inclination of the conveyor belt.
As a result
ω≥√gcos α/r (5)
cause
Vd =rω(6)
So, so
Vd ≥√rgcos α(7)
For the most adverse case when cos α=1, the minimum limit is
Vmin ≥√rg (8)
Among them, the Vmin is the lowest limit value of the conveyor belt. So to sum up, the speed of the two-stage conveyor belt is Vd greater than Vmin. percent
By theoretical calculation, the range value of the velocity between the first stage conveyor belt and the second stage conveyor belt can be obtained. The q of rod diameter agglomeration coefficient between different leafy vegetables and the thickness of the clamping layer of the transported vegetables d different from the stacking height, which results in the value of the conveyor belt speed can not be obtained accurately. In order to ensure the harvest quality of leafy vegetables, it is necessary to carry out field experiments to determine the accurate value of conveyor belt speed.
5. Conclusions
By using the function tree to analyze, in order to meet the needs of leafy vegetables harvesting in most areas of China, a small intelligent automatic leafy vegetable harvester was designed, and the machine was determined to use battery as power. The cutting mechanism and stubble height adjustment mechanism were used to harvest leafy vegetables. The cutting amplitude and stubble adjusting mechanism make the machine better meet the actual operation requirements and have higher versatility. Through the theoretical calculation of the speed of the conveying mechanism, the range value of the vegetable conveying speed matching the walking speed is determined, but in order to better ensure the harvest quality of the vegetables, the field test of the whole machine is needed.
Compared with the traditional vegetable harvester, the small intelligent automatic leaf and vegetable harvester designed in this paper has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacturing and processing, convenient operation, high working efficiency and guaranteed the quality of harvested vegetables. Therefore, vegetable harvester has great application prospect and development potential, but it needs further improvement in individual parts of machine, and the whole machine needs further test and analysis.
References:
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[2] State Council. National Planning for the Development of Modern Agriculture (2011-2015)[ EB/OL]. 2012-01-13 http://scitech.people.com.cn/n/2014/0515/c1007-25019148.html.
[3] Wang Jun, du Dongdong, Hu Jinbing. J]. on Mechanized Harvesting Technology and Development of Vegetables Journal of Agricultural Machinery ,2014,45(2):81-87.
[4] Chen Yongsheng, Hu Hui, Xiao Qiqiong, et al. Current Situation of Mechanization of Vegetable Production in China [J].] and Development Countermeasures Chinese Vegetables ,2015(10):1-5.
[5] Zhao Han, Huang Kang, Chen Ke. Design [M].] of Mechanical Systems Beijing: higher Education Press ,2005.
[6] Liu Siping, Liu Shuwu [M].] of Creative Methodology Harbin: Harbin University of Technology Press ,1998.
[7] Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization. Manual for the Design of Agricultural Machinery (first volume)[ K].].1 Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press ,2007.
[8] Geng Duanyang, Zhang Daolin, Wang Xiangyou, et al .[ M].] of new agricultural mechanics Beijing: national Defense Industry Press ,2011.
Fund projects: Hebei Province Science and Technology support Project (15227209 D); Hebei Province vegetable Industry Technology system Project (2014)
小型智能叶菜类蔬菜收割机设计
高 龙，弋景刚,孔德刚，袁永伟
【摘 要】摘 要：目前，我国大部分叶菜类蔬菜收获作业基本靠人工完成，收割效率低，且对蔬菜损伤较大。针对叶菜类蔬菜收割存在的问题，通过使用功能树对机器功能进行分析，设计了一种小型智能自动化叶菜类蔬菜收割机。该机能够根据蔬菜种类的不同，智能调节收割蔬菜的割幅宽度与割茬高度，并采用了电池直流驱动技术、丝杆升降技术、双向丝杠技术和分级传动技术。该收割机收割效率高，可保证蔬菜的收割品质，满足国内大部分地区叶菜类蔬菜收割的需要。
【期刊名称】农机化研究
【年(卷),期】2016(000)009
【总页数】4
【关键词】蔬菜收割机；割幅调整；割茬调整
0 引言
据最新资料显示：2014年，我国蔬菜面积达到0.2亿hm2多，年产量超过7亿t，人均占有量500kg多，均居世界第一位[1]。其中，设施蔬菜面积达386.2万hm2，叶菜占设施蔬菜的50%[2]。由于不同叶菜类蔬菜之间的生态学特性各异，叶菜类蔬菜的统一收获有着较大的难度，其收获作业基本依靠人工完成；但叶菜生长周期短，收割即时性强、劳动强度大、人工收割质量难以控制，直接影响蔬菜品质，降低了叶菜价值[3]。随着劳动力价格不断上涨，人工收割费用占蔬菜成本大幅度提高，市场急需一种智能化叶菜收割机械[4]。为此，设计了一种智能自动化叶菜类蔬菜收割机，能够根据蔬菜种类及收割要求的不同，对割幅和割茬高度进行智能调节，并对关键工作部件进行了优化设计。该机充分利用电力资源， 尽可能地减轻机器作业时对环境的污染，使其满足国内大多数地区的叶菜类蔬菜的收割要求。
1 装置方案拟定
为了能较好地设计出小型智能自动化叶菜类蔬菜收割机的各部分功能，对收割机的功能进行功能树[5]的分析，分析结构如图1所示
根据创造方法的相关原理，建立能完成功能树内的各个功能形态学矩阵[6]，如表1所示。
根据形态学矩阵理论,为实现功能树内的功能，可以有2×3×3×3×2×3=324种方案。通过对国内外市场上的类似产品的分析，对比各种执行方式的优劣并考虑到小型智能自动化叶菜类收割机的成本、装配的难易和可靠性等要求，确定最终方案选择为盘式驱动力轮行走、输送带输送蔬菜、双向丝杠割副调节、丝杆升降割茬调节、圆盘式切割器切割蔬菜，以及人工手动启停控制的方案。
2 总体结构
叶菜类蔬菜收割机采用蓄电池做直流电源；在收割机的前端设置割茬高度调整机构，由直流电机与丝杆升降机组成，丝杆升降机由直流电机驱动进行上下移动；前端底部装有割幅调节调节装置，由电机进行驱动，也可由人工对割幅进行微调；收割机的中部设置了蔬菜输送机构，由两级输送机构组成，分别由两个直流电机进行动力输入；行走则由直流电机直接驱动行走轮进行移动；收割机尾部设有蔬菜收集箱对蔬菜进行收集。割茬调整机构、分禾器、割幅调整机构、输送机构、输送直流电机、前进扶手、控制箱、行走轮及收集箱全部装在机架上，由直流电机驱动的割刀布置在割幅调整机构上，如图2所示。
如图2所示：直流电机与丝杆升降器直接连接，二者安装在机架的前端;分禾器安装在机架的前端中部；割幅调整机构安装在机架的前端下部，割刀则布置在割幅调整机构上的割刀放置器上；输送机构前端安装在割幅调整机构的前端，中部布置在机架中部上，尾部则安装在机架的尾部；蓄电池放置在机架的中下部；驱动轮布置在蓄电池的下部与机架相连；控制箱安装在机架的中部右侧；蔬菜收集箱安装在机架的尾部，前进扶手与机架的尾部的凸起处相连。
工作时，确定好收割蔬菜种类，由控制箱发出信号，幅宽调整机构与丝杆升降机进行运动，使割刀运动到合适的收割位置，二者动作停止。此时，割刀开始工作，行走轮在直流电机的驱动下开始进行行走；输送机构在输送电机的带动下进行动作，输送机构中先由一级输送装置将收割的蔬菜进行空间90°翻转并运送到二级输送装置上；二级输送装置将蔬菜输送到蔬菜收集箱中。
3 关键部件设计
3.1 割幅调整机构
割幅调整机构由主调整机构与微调机构组成。主调整机构主要包括直流电机、双向丝杠及割刀放置器。微调整机构包括小型双向丝杠、手轮及幅宽控制器，如图3所示。
整个调整机构安装在收割机支架的前端；直流电机通过联轴器与双向丝杠进行连接，双向丝杠上的方形螺母与割刀放置器连接在一起。直流电机转动时，双向丝杠转动，带动方形螺母进行直线移动，从而实现了收割行距的调整。微调机构中的小型双向丝杠上的方形螺母直接固定幅宽控制器，通过摇动两侧的手轮对幅宽控制器的间距进行调整。微调机构的主要作用是依靠人工对不同的蔬菜的夹持输送宽度进行调整。
3.2 割茬高度调整机构
割茬高度调整机构由直流电机、丝杆升降器及行走轮等组成，如图4所示。
直流电机与丝杆升降器直接连接，两个丝杆升降器之间由同步轴连接，丝杆升降器的丝杆下端分别安装行走轮。
割茬调整机构根据不同叶菜类蔬菜的种类与生长状况，确定出不同的割茬高度。控制装置给出确定的信号，直流电机转动，带动丝杆升降机进行升降运动，从而实现不同的种类与不同生长状况的蔬菜具有不同的割茬高度。
3.3 输送机构
输送机构由一级输送机构与二级输送机构组成：一级输送机构主要包括前端竖置输送小轮、横置输送轮及条形带等;二级输送机构包括前后输送轮、宽型输送带等，结构如图5所示。
一级输送机构安装在蔬菜收割机的前端，条形带一端安装在竖置输送小轮上，相邻两带的另一端则分别放在上下两个横竖输送轮上，可使用相邻两带之间的夹持力输送蔬菜。一级输送机构的主要作用是将收割上来的叶菜类蔬菜夹持输送并将竖直蔬菜横向放倒后送至二级传送机构；二级输送机构则将从一级输送机构输送上来的蔬菜输送至较高位置并将其抛入收集箱中。
4 蔬菜输送速度的确定
输送机构是联系割刀和收集箱的桥梁，其速度快慢直接影响整机的工作性能。输送机构既不能被堵塞也不能浪费不必要的功率，同时要保证蔬菜在收集箱中有合适的堆放位置。为了更好地保证叶菜类蔬菜的收割品质，有必要对输送机构的输送速度进行计算，得到与整机行走速度相匹配的输送速度。
4.1 一级输送机构速度计算
一级输送机构主要靠条形带的夹持力进行蔬菜的输送，输送带快则夹持蔬菜层薄，输送带慢则加持蔬菜层厚。这时输送带速度则应该按指定的蔬菜堆叠厚度使输送带单位时间内的蔬菜输送量和机器收割量相等而确定[7]。即
VmBq1=Vsdq2 （1）
式中 Vm—机器前进速度(m/s)；
q1—蔬菜生产密度(株/m3)；
B—割幅(m)；
Vs—一级输送带速度(m/s)；
d—蔬菜在输送带的夹持厚度(mm)；
q2—为蔬菜在输送带上的集聚密度(m/s)。
所以有Vs=VmBq1/dq2=VmB/kd （2）
其中，k为蔬菜积集系数，k=q1/q2，k一般取18~33，d≤60mm。
4.2 二级输送机构计算
二级输送带上需要有一定的蔬菜堆叠厚度。通过分析其输送原理可以得到二级输送带的速度Vd与夹持层的厚度h关系为
Vd=VsB/kh (3)
式中 Vd—二级输送带的速度；
h—蔬菜在二级传送带上的堆叠高度。
同时，二级输送带的尾端为了将蔬菜抛入收集箱中，二级输送带还应该满足下列条件[8](见图6)，即
mrω2≥mgcosα (4)
式中 m—蔬菜的质量(kg)；
r—输送轮的半径(mm)；
ω—输送带轮的角速度(rad/s)；
g—重力加速度(m/s2)；
α—输送带的倾角。
因此有
ω≥√gcosα/r (5)
又因
Vd=rω (6)
所以
Vd≥√rgcosα (7)
当cosα =1时为最不利的情况，其最低极限值为
Vmin≥√rg (8)
其中，Vmin为输送带的最低极限值。所以综上所述二级输送带的速度Vd大于Vmin。
通过理论计算可以得到一级输送机构输送带与二级输送带的速度的范围值。由于不同叶菜类蔬菜之间的杆径集聚系数q以及被输送蔬菜的夹持层厚度d与堆叠高度h的不同，导致了输送带速度的值无法准确得到。为了更好地保证叶菜类蔬菜的收割品质，需要对收割机进行实地试验来确定出输送带速度的准确值。
5 结论
通过使用功能树进行分析，为满足国内大多数地区的叶菜类蔬菜收割，设计了小型智能自动化叶菜类蔬菜收割机，并确定该机使用蓄电池作为动力，以割幅调整机构及割茬高度调整机构，输送机构作为主要部件对叶菜类蔬菜进行收割。割幅与割茬调整机构使得该机更好地满足了实际作业需求，且具有更高的通用性。通过对输送机构速度的理论计算，确定出与行走速度相匹配的蔬菜输送速度范围值；但为了更好的保证蔬菜的收割质量，需对整机进行实地试验。
相比于传统的叶菜类蔬菜收割机，本文所设计的小型智能自动化叶菜类收割机结构简单、制造加工容易、操作使用方便、工作效率高且能保证被收割蔬菜品质。因此，蔬菜收割机具有很大的应用前景和发展潜力，但在机器中个别零部件处需进一步的改进，整机需要进一步的试验分析。
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基金项目：河北省科技支撑计划项目(15227209D)；河北省蔬菜产业技术体系项目(2014)
1iJOE ‒ Vol. 14, No. 3, 2018
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