高考英语一轮基础达标练题 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela modern hero含解析新人教版必修1
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1、 Unit 5 Nelson Mandel-a modern hero 李仕才 一、阅读理解。 You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot(虚拟聊天机器人). Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 20
2、15, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice. "Her incredible learning ability was why people loved t
3、o talk with Xiaoice," Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis(表情符号) in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting w
4、ith users, China Daily reported. Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech companies, they are becoming smarter and more common. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answer
5、ing students’ questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users. These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, T
6、he New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a "Samantha", the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy
7、 of virtual soul mates. 1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A. She became a best seller. B. She became very powerful. C. She became a money maker. D. She became very popular. 2.Which of the following can Xiaoice do? A. Do housework. B. Spread messages. C. Identify va
8、rious photos. D. Read news to its users. 3.Which company’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant? A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon. 4.What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon. B. Chatbots mainly ru
9、n on smartphones now. C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film. D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience. 【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况。列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎,IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问,但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上,人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。 1.D【解析】推理判断题。根据she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange me
10、ssages with her daily可知,她在微信上大受欢迎,很多中国人都喜欢与她聊天,故选D。 3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant可知,IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问,故选B。 4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms,
11、可知,人们期待这些程序除了智能手机之外,也能应用在电视、汽车、 起居室等地,所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上,故选B。 二、单句语法填空 1.Now their peace talks have reached a key stage ________ one side must give in to the other. 答案:where 当先行词是case, position, stage等抽象名词,且在从句中作状语,表示地点时,定语从句使用关系副词where来引导。 2.From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwo
12、rk and ________ (devote). 答案:devotion 由teamwork and可知,此处填名词devotion “奉献;忠诚”,作宾语。 3.When an animal is ________ attack it can run away or fight back. 答案:under under attack “受到攻击”。 4.She started singing to the baby and ________ (reward) with a smile. 答案:was rewarded reward sb. with a smile “对某
13、人报以微笑”,根据句意可知,此处应为被动语态。 5.Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape ________ (fire) by his boss. 答案:being fired escape being fired “免于被解雇”。 6.I have some trouble ________ (read) the letter, because his handwriting is very bad. 答案:(in) reading have trouble (in) doin
14、g sth. “做某事有困难”。 7.In some places there are many laws against ________ (cruel) to animals but few to protect children. 答案:cruelty 空前against是介词,因此本空填名词cruelty “残忍;残酷”。 8.Your teacher can give you ________ (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application. 答案:guidance give sb. guidance
15、on ... “给某人关于……的指导或建议”,故此处填名词guidance “指导”。 9.________ (educate) usually refers to teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college. 答案:Education 此处应用名词education “教育”作主语。 10.The young man was sentenced to ________ (die) for killing a middle school student. 答案:death be sentenced
16、 to death “被判死刑”。 三、完形填空。 The murmur of the audience had just faded into silence.This was one of the most __1__ days in fiveyearold Patricia McKees life:the Kernot School Concert.She stood __2__ the curtain with her schoolmates.Yet she was not __3__ because everyone had been practicing for weeks
17、 and knew their __4__ by heart. Being in a remote country town,Patricia knew that everyone would __5__ for the big occasion-everyone!Yet,it was this awareness that added a sense of __6__ to her excitement.There were two people who couldnt be in that __7__ that night—her mum and dad. Patricias pare
18、nts __8__ the local general store,which was __9__ for business 24 hours.So it was simply __10__ that Mum and Dad could never attend community activities.It had been this way with her sister,so why should it be any __11__ for her? Still,Patricia couldnt help __12__ that her parents could be there to
19、 see her on such a special day,so she decided to __13__ the subject with her mother.__14__,she had to face the facts.At such a young age,Patricia couldnt really understand the deep __15__ in her mothers response:“Ill try to be there,sweetheart,but you know how __16__ it is for us to get away from th
20、e store.” Yet as the curtain slowly opened, little Patricia got the __17__ of her life.There,sitting four rows the front was her mother with a big smile on her face! This powerful image __18__ one of Patricias most treasured memories.“Words cannot express the pure joy we both __19__ at that moment
21、,” said Patricia.Her parents have passed away, but what a wonderful legacy(遗产) theyve left us:when someone really __20__ you,be there for them. 1.A.difficult B.important C.sad D.perfect 2.A.before B.under C.beside D.behind 3.A.excited B.moved
22、C.afraid D.lost 4.A.parts B.relations C.jobs D.forms 5.A.join up B.prepare C.drop in D.turn out 6.A.happiness B.sadness C.willingness D.eagerness 7.A.audience B.store C.play D.movie 8.A.bought
23、 B.got C.sold D.ran 9.A.easy B.open C.still D.closed 10.A.recognized B.denied C.accepted D.incredible 11.A.different B.satisfied C.personal D.wise 12.A.thinking B.talking C.learning D.wishing 13.A.hand in B.go
24、through C.bring up D.put away 14.A.Surprisingly B.Happily C.Obviously D.Sadly 15.A.pain B.meaning C.understanding D.thought 16.A.awful B.hard C.troublesome D.thankful 17.A.blow B.wonder C.person D.surprise 18.A.remained B.left C.too
25、k D.affected 19.A.wanted B.experienced C.made D.forgot 20.A.hates B.loves C.cares D.needs 【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。父母因忙于看店无法去看Patricia McKee的演出,所以当Patricia突然看到母亲出现在演出现场时,她非常惊讶。这一刻成了她一生的回忆。文章通过这件事告诉我们:当别人需要你时,请陪在他们身边。 1.B 考查形容词辨析。根据第二段中的“the big occasion”以及常识可知,对于五
26、岁的Patricia来说,那天是一个重要的日子。B项意为“重要的”,符合语境。A项意为“困难的”;C项意为“悲伤的”;D项意为“完美的”,均与语境不符。故选B。 2.D 考查介词辨析。根据常识及第五段第一句“Yet as the curtain slowly opened”可知,出场前Patricia和她的同学站在幕布的后面。D项意为“在……的后面”,符合语境。A项意为“在……面前”;B项意为“在……下面”;C项意为“在……旁边”,均与语境不符。故选D。 3.C 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“because everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知
27、,所有人都排练了几个星期,所以她不害怕。C项意为“害怕的”,符合语境。A项意为“兴奋的”;B项意为“感动的”;D项意为“迷惘的,困惑的”,均与语境不符。故选C。 4.A 考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知,排练了几个星期,每个人都记熟了自己的台词和动作。A项意为“角色,台词和动作”,符合语境。B项意为“关系”;C项意为“工作”;D项意为“形式”,均与语境不符。故选A。 5.D 考查动词(短语)辨析。根据语境可知,所有人都会出席这个盛大的活动。D项意为“出席,参加”,符合语境。A项意为“连接,联合起来”;B项意为“准
28、备”;C项意为“落进,顺便拜访”,均与语境不符。故选D。 6.B 考查名词辨析。根据下一句内容可知,因为父母不能来观看演出,所以Patricia在兴奋的同时又有些难过。B项意为“悲伤,难过”,符合语境。A项意为“幸福”;C项意为“乐意”;D项意为“渴望”,均与语境不符。故选B。 7.A 考查名词辨析。根据下一段内容可知,此处指Patricia的父母亲不能在现场当她的观众。A项意为“观众,听众”,符合语境。故选A。 8.D 考查动词辨析。根据空格后面的宾语“the local general store”可知,此处指Patricia的父母在当地经营一家杂货店。D项意为“经营,参加,跑”,符
29、合语境。故选D。 9.B 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后面的“for business 24 hours”可知,这个杂货店24小时营业。B项意为“开放的,营业的”,符合语境。故选B。 10.C 考查词义辨析。根据上下文可知,她的父母经营一家24小时都营业的商店,所以她的父母从不参加社区活动是可以接受的。C项意为“公认可接受的,被认可的”,符合语境。A项意为“辨认出”;B项意为“否认”;D项意为“极好的,难以置信的”,均与语境不符。故选C。 11.A 考查形容词辨析。根据前一句“It had been this way with her sister”可知,父母也没有参加过姐姐的活动,所以对她
30、不会有所不同。A项意为“不同的”,符合语境。B项意为“满意的”;C项意为“个人的”;D项意为“明智的”,均与语境不符。故选A。 12.D 考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“Still”和“her parents could be there”可知,虽然如此,Patricia还是忍不住希望她的父母亲能来看她演出。D项意为“希望”,符合语境。A项意为“想,认为”;B项意为“谈论”;C项意为“学习”,均与语境不符。故选D。 13.C 考查动词短语辨析。根据上文提到的Patricia希望她的父母能来看她演出和空格后面的宾语“the subject with her mother”可知,此处指Patric
31、ia决定向母亲提出这个话题。C项意为“提出”,符合语境。A项意为“上交”;B项意为“经历”;D项意为“把……收起来”,均与语境不符。故选C。 14.D 考查副词辨析。根据本句中的“she had to face the facts”以及下文母亲的回答可知,她的母亲并不确定能不能参加,所以很遗憾她只能接受这个事实。D项意为“不幸地,说来遗憾”,符合语境。A项意为“惊讶地”;B项意为“高兴地”;C项意为“明显地”,均与语境不符。故选D。 15.A 考查名词辨析。根据常识以及后来母亲出现在观众席里可知,母亲想参加女儿的活动却抽不出时间,她也很痛苦,但五岁的Patricia并不理解这种痛苦。A项意
32、为“痛苦”,符合语境。B项意为“意思”;C项意为“理解”;D项意为“想法”,均与语境不符。故选A。 16.B 考查形容词辨析。根据上文提及的24小时营业商店可知,她的父母亲离开商店是一件很困难的事情。B项意为“困难的”,符合语境。A项意为“可怕的”;C项意为“麻烦的”;D项意为“感激的”,均与语境不符。故选B。 17.D 考查名词辨析。根据上文母亲的回答可知,母亲观看Patricia的演出的可能性不大,所以当Patricia看到台下的母亲时,那真的是她人生中的惊喜。D项意为“惊喜,意想不到的事”,符合语境。A项意为“打击”;B项意为“奇迹”;C项意为“人”,均与语境不符。故选D。 18.
33、A 考查动词辨析。根据上文可知,母亲的出现对Patricia来说是一个很大的惊喜,所以这一幕成为Patricia最珍贵的记忆之一。A项意为“继续,依然”,符合语境。B项意为“离开”;C项意为“拿走”;D项意为“影响”,均与语境不符。故选A。 19.B 考查动词辨析。“we both ________ at that moment”是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句,先行词the pure joy在从句中作空格处所填词的宾语。句意为Patricia说:“没有言语能表达出我们在那一刻所体会到的那种纯粹的快乐。”B项意为“体会,感受”,符合语境。A项意为“想要”;C项意为“使得,制造”
34、;D项意为“忘记”,均与语境不符。故选B。 20.D 考查动词辨析。通读全文可知,文章通过 Patricia的经历告诉我们:当别人真正需要你时,要陪伴在他们的身边。D项意为“需要”,符合语境。A项意为“憎恨”;B项意为“爱”;C项意为“在乎”,均与语境不符。故选D。 四、单句改错 1.I hope, first of all, that we shall never lose our heart in face of failure. ________________________________________________________ 答案:去掉our lose he
35、art “失去信心”,为固定搭配。 2.She is very weak and not equal to make a long journey. ________________________________________________________ 答案:make→making be equal to “胜任……”,其中to是介词。 3.Thousands of people turned to watch yesterdays match against Ireland. ________________________________________________
36、________ 答案:turned后加up turn up “出现;露面”。 4.The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company. ________________________________________________________ 答案:去掉when The first time在此处引导时间状语从句。 5.Only when we had studied the data again we realize that there was a mistake.
37、________________________________________________________ 答案:we前加did “only+状语从句”放句首,句子应用部分倒装结构。 五、短文改错 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning,I always kept silent in our oral class to av
38、oid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging,my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chanc
39、es to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes,“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes,and success is just waiting for us. 【答案】 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference. I st
40、ill remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning,I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ,my teacher and my classmates would help me figur
41、e out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes,“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes,and success is just waiting for us. 第一处:it→them。考查代词。根据
42、语境可知,第二句中“towards”的宾语指代的是第一句的主语“Mistakes”,故用them。 第二处:a→the。考查冠词。根据前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知,该处特指上文中“提高英语口语水平”的开始,故用定冠词。 第三处:make→making。考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.为固定用法,意为“避免做某事”。 第四处:that→what。考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句,what既作宾语从句的引导词,也作从句中及物动词thought的宾语,而tha
43、t在从句中不能作成分,故将that改为what。 第五处:discouraging→discouraged。考查形容词。根据从句主语I可知,该处应用discouraged形容人,意为“沮丧的”;discouraging形容事物,意为“令人沮丧的”。 第六处:must→could。考查情态动词。根据语境可知,该句使用了虚拟语气,表示“过去本能够做却没有做”,故用could have done。 第七处:删除in。考查固定搭配。该处指“参加英语俱乐部”,参加某个组织用join,而join in为固定搭配,意为“参加活动”,故删除in。 第八处:made→makes。考查主谓一致和时
44、态。句意:熟能生巧。该句为一般真理,故用一般现在时;该句主语为Practice,为不可数名词,谓语动词应用单数形式,故用makes。 第九处:fluent→fluently。考查副词。根据该句中的动词“talk”可知,此处修饰动词,故用副词形式。 第十处:afraid前加be。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,该句为祈使句,afraid为形容词,故afraid前加动词原形be。 6EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F375
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