电动道路清扫车清扫系统设计

电动道路清扫车清扫系统设计,电动,道路,清扫,系统,设计 第 1 页 基于电动道路清扫系统设计的文献综述 摘要：文中介绍了道路清扫车清扫装置的设计说明。对除尘装置进行了详细设计，介绍了相关设备的原理，并进行了比较分析。对扫盘、吸嘴、集尘箱、风机及其他设备的选择进行了仔细的比较和分析。新的电动道路清扫车可以将路面的垃圾和尘土全面的清洁，清扫效率非常高，适合各种气候的干式路面清洁操作，以确保道路清洁操作的安全。 关键字：扫盘；吸嘴；集尘箱；风机 Abstract:This paper introduces the design of the cleaning equipment of road sweeper. This paper introduces the common problems of electric road sweeper. The design of the dust removal device is detailed, the principle of related equipment is introduced, and the comparison analysis is carried out. The selection of sweep, mouth, dust box, fan and other equipment was carefully compared and analyzed. New electric road sweeper pavement can be garbage and comprehensive dust cleaning, cleaning efficiency is very high, suitable for all kinds of climate dry surface cleaning operation, to ensure the safety of road cleaning operations. Key words:Sweep plate;Suction nozzle; Dust collection box; fan 1.道路清扫汽车的发展历史 从20世纪60年代到80年代末，第一台道路清扫车成功研制，是我国自主研发的开始。但是，清扫车也有一些缺点，如性能差、外观差、清洗效果不好。在1980年年底之前，我国长沙建筑机械工程建设工程部研制出第一台清扫式清扫车，缩短了我国与发达国家之间的差距，成为我国清洁机械发展的良好开端。第二代清扫道路车，具有高效、清洁能力强、清洁污染小的优点，广泛应用于我国大中型城市的主要道路清理工作。21世纪后，国内道路清扫车市场开始呈现多元化的发展趋势，各种清洁机械发展迅速，如纯吸式清扫车、干洗车等第三代扫路车。由于整个国家的气候差异很大，冬季的水很容易结冰，而且湿式清洁车辆的吸力和清扫对某些地区的运行也有影响。在高速公路上，城市高架桥等地方，湿式除尘车不容易连续作业，随着人们节水意识的增强，新式的各式各样的道路清扫车出现。 2.尺寸参数 1. 外廓尺寸即指整车的长、宽、高，由于电动清扫车消耗的能量为电能，所以电动道路清扫车的体积应该选取的小一些，从而可以使得电动道路清扫车的工作里程更长，对能源的消耗更节能。 2.轴距影响到电动清扫车的总体尺寸，最小转弯直径，最高车速以及清扫面积等因素效，还可以大大的提升电动道路清扫车的工作效率 3.工作原理 电动道路清扫车由风机、垃圾箱、扫刷、扫盘等组成。扫刷因具有一定前倾角所以可以将垃圾扫到电动道路清扫车中间位置,吸尘系统的高压风机会利用大气压的作用，通过将垃圾吸尘口的空气抽走，从而使得垃圾吸口出的大气压减小，在大气压的作用下，垃圾吸尘口处的灰尘和垃圾会经过垃圾和灰尘管道进入垃圾箱。由于垃圾箱空间突然加大,大气压力的作用会突然减小,尘土、垃圾及体积质量较大的颗粒在重力作用下沉至垃圾箱底部,树叶、纸张等质量较小的垃圾会被挡板挡住,又经过滤网的作用，空气会得到进一步的净化,防止较大体积的垃圾或者尘土进入高压风机，经过滤的空气最后经风机再次回吹到吸尘口。 4.扫盘的工作方式 扫盘在扫盘马达的作用下运转，扫盘在前倾杆儿的作用下具有一定的前倾角，大约4到5度。驾驶室内部有一根操纵杆儿，当将操纵杆儿向前推到预定位置时，操纵杆儿下部的圆轮会将钢绳收紧，在钢绳的作用下扫盘会提升起来，从而会使电动清扫车清扫装置处于非工作状态；当将操纵杆儿向后推到预定位置时，操纵杆儿下部的圆轮会使钢绳处于松弛状态，从而扫盘会在压紧弹簧的作用下，紧贴地面，开始了清扫工作，处于工作状态。又因为前倾杆儿使得扫盘具有一定的前倾角，所以垃圾和尘土会在扫盘的作用下集中到电动清扫车的中间位置。 5.1.2 吸尘装置的工作方式 风机在电力的作用下开始运转，随着电动清扫车的向前行进，集中起来的垃圾和 尘土会在垃圾吸口的作用下从垃圾管道吸进垃圾箱。同时垃圾反吹口也可以将垃圾和尘土集中到一起，从而可以提高清扫车的清扫效率；除此之外，垃圾反吹口还具有清洁吸尘装置的作用，当吸尘装置的滤网和吸尘管路需要清洁的时候，可以操纵风机的工作状态，使其运转方向发生改变，从而可以清洁吸尘装置。 5.1.3 垃圾箱的清理 当垃圾箱内的垃圾和尘土达到额定装载量时，可以打开垃圾箱后盖，垃圾箱下面装有轮子，因此可以很省力的将垃圾箱拉出倾倒垃圾。 参考文献 [1] 徐达主编.专用车设计结构设计[M].北京:北京工业出版社,2004.7. [2] 马克.菜特斯.全球道路清扫机械的发展趋势[J].专用汽车，2008.9. [3] 邹平. 解读《扫路车》标准[J].专用汽车，2006.6. [4] 王望予.汽车设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1 [5] 张展主编.机械通用设计手册[J].北京：机械工业出版社，2008.4 [6]梁德本，叶玉驹.机械制图手册[J].北京:机械工业出版社,2002,2 [7] 余志生主编.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社，1992. 7. [8] 第一汽车制造厂，解放CA141K2型载货汽车构造图册，吉林科技出版社，1990.2. [9]MartinW.Stockel,MartinT.Stockel.AutoFundamentals[R].U.S.A.GoodheartWilcoxCompny.2003：102-110. [10]JurgenSclunidt.WorldConfeernceExhibitionOnPVsolarEnergyConversionNiennaAustria.1998:11 [11]贾培红.清扫车风机试制[J].机械研究与应用，第20卷第4期，2002.4:90-20 [12]白辉明.几款道路清扫车[J].商用汽车，2001.7:20-10 [13] 潘公宇.清扫车清扫装置的性能研究[J].江苏理工大学，2008.1. [14] 龚微寒主编.汽车现代设计制造[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995 [15]罗善铆. 扫路车类型和结构型式[J].建设机械与管理，2002.7. [16]陈忠基. 路面清扫车吸嘴装置的实验研究[J].同济大学学报，2001.4. [17]吴虹飞. 扫路车风机的选择[J].专用汽车，2006.4. 指导教师意见 指导教师： 年 月 日 专业教研室审查意见 负责人： 年 月 日 第 0 页 译文标题 干式清扫车 原文标题 Dry cleaning the car 作 者 Andre.Robert 译 名 安德烈.罗伯特 国 籍 美国 原文出处 美国学术出版社 Road sweeper is a new type of efficient cleaning equipment that combines road cleaning, garbage collection and transportation. Simple said is change his costume or dress on special automobile chassis road cleaning function of sweeping vehicles, vehicles in addition to the chassis engine, also equipped with a pair of engine, four brush sweep by the hydraulic motor drives the work, with fan, dustbin, tanks and other equipment. The new model can be a complete surface cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning and cleaning the sprinkling water on the ground after work and so on, is suitable for various climate and dry pavement cleaning job. Cleaning the car type Generally, it is classified according to the way of walking, method of operation, or dust removal A hand-propelled sweeper and a hand-held sweeper A self-propelled sweeper Pure scavenging car 4, sweep sweeping car Pure suction sweeper Dry cleaning car Wet cleaning car All-smoking sweeping car The dry cleaning car is introduced Dry cleaning the car is a new type of road sweeper, not without a brush spray, all air assignments, by aerodynamics, by experts identified the domestic leading technology, and with independent intellectual property rights, development, and developed by luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD., the production of road jie brand series vacuum sweeper all airflow, brush, spray, without a dust, without secondary dust, road clean vacuuming the widespread use of car will greatly reduce the content of particulate matter in the air, thoroughly solved the problem of the dust pollution is serious, is a modernized new sanitation product environmental protection, energy saving, the environmental protection technical indexes of this product is higher than the national industry standard. Pure suction sweeper Pure suction road sweeper is a new high-tech product that is "no secondary dust pollution and function superior to traditional sweeper". The vehicle adopts the principle of negative pressure pure absorption by the dust collection system, a dust collecting box, secondary dust collection box, dust collection system, hydraulic system, this sheng dust removal filter cartridge, and electric control system of walking system, etc, with high dust collection range, the net absorption rate, no secondary dust suction, and outlet no dust emissions, high working efficiency, etc. Is the preferred product for sanitation clean and material recycling. Suitable for the industrial and mining enterprises that produce dust, high concentration and high density of dust and dust; The rapid cleaning and cleaning of urban elevated, fast roads and tunnels; Cleaning and cleaning of main street, high grade highway and highway. The dry cleaning car is introduced Dry cleaning the car is a new type of road sweeper, not without a brush spray, all air assignments, by aerodynamics, by experts identified the domestic leading technology, and with independent intellectual property rights, development, and developed by luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD., the production of road jie brand series vacuum sweeper all airflow, brush, spray, without a dust, without secondary dust, road clean vacuuming the widespread use of car will greatly reduce the content of particulate matter in the air, thoroughly solved the problem of the dust pollution is serious, is a modernized new sanitation product environmental protection, energy saving, the environmental protection technical indexes of this product is higher than the national industry standard. Multi-function all-suction cleaning car Multi-functional total suction sweep road car is to use the patent technology development of new products, it has changed the past the traditional method for cleaning the car plate rolling brush brush sweep, but all adopt the airflow to finish the homework, using air movement mode to hoard dust and garbage collection, so the efficiency is very high. This product can reduce dust pollution effectively, improve air quality, reduce the amount of particulate matter in air, and improve people's living environment. Why do you need to use a sweeping car The traditional answer: sweep the road to clean the floor, wash the floor to wash and dry all kinds of ground. The professional answer: the road car can not only solve the problem but also make more profit for the user. The sweeping car can solve the following problems: People live in a dusty environment with health problems; Environmental indicators required by state laws or local regulations; A problem caused by premature excess of the road due to dust or garbage; The product of the production workshop is contaminated by dust; The problem of dust pollution of fixed or moving machines in production workshops; The ability to bring greater profits (or savings) : The sweeping vacuuming system of sweeping cars is equivalent to about 6-40 times artificial; The level of 2, reduce dust pollution to the environment (to save time and money, reduce artificial cleaning of product appearance, cleaning and maintenance of mechanical equipment and periodic health work environment, etc.) Improve the efficiency of work and increase the motivation of the operator. A clean and tidy environment not only improves the image of the city, but also contributes to the construction of urban culture and the initiative of the citizens. The comparison between the mechanical and the manual 1, work efficiency, the same homework area time is greatly shortened; The clean cost of the mechanical unit area is, to be sure, lower than the artificial cost. Clean effect, the machine can avoid the problem that the cleaner USES not average, the clean effect is not unified; 4, safety performance, let clean workers in the safe environment (the traffic on the road is too much, and the safety of the self is not strong). Economic returns, for example, take a car for example, how much money it spent on the day it stopped using, the real price. In addition to the cost of investment, there are operational costs and labor costs. Sweep road car industry in China after decades of development, products from a single pure sweep type development to the present a variety of types, product performance and product quality rapidly improved, especially after the reform and opening up, by importing key purchased components to sweep road car product performance and reliability is greatly increased. But at present, the level of the road car in China is different from that of developed countries in other countries, especially in the reliability of the product. To improve the level of the sweep road car as soon as possible, reducing the gap with advanced countries sweep road car, meet the requirements of the sanitation department for road surface cleaning operation in our country, sweep road car production enterprise should choose an appropriate sweep road car research direction. With the development of the society, the progress, are no longer satisfied with the simple sense of vacuum sweeper, will from the perspectives of multifunctional, environmental protection, economy, to ask for more, call can satisfy the various needs of vacuuming car market. Is under such circumstances, the Chinese construction bureau of luoyang construction machinery factory and luoyang chi windmill industry co., LTD. Jointly developed with independent intellectual property rights of new multifunctional suction all sweep road car is now officially put on the market. The new model can be a complete surface cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning, the road road teeth cleaning and cleaning the sprinkling water on the ground after work and so on, is suitable for various climate and dry pavement cleaning operation, more suitable for square, roads, residential district, parking lot, wharf, airport, station, cement plants, power plants and other places clean dust removal. In order to avoid operation error, the control valve mainly distinguishes the main valve and the auxiliary valve. Then the two valve is, where is the main difference, the main valve driven by sweep road car chassis, vice valve power from the special function of the engine. The common engine of the road scavenging car has the north facing the wood, the jiangling, cummins. Main valve management chassis shell carriage tilt and carriages behind the back door of hydraulic pressure switch, the deputy valve management four brush to sweep road car (can be individually controlled one or all of the work) and suction cups. 2, the engine's secondary engine is different from the engine, but the average speed is around 1500 to 1800 3, according to the needs of work, generally can choose whether to take water spray dust function, general configuration generally take after water spray, also need to pay attention to the clear water tank of water is enough, clear water tank volume, working time may have difference. 4, the road sweepers electromagnetism multi-channel valve pressure adjustment is normally on the overflow valve, the user can adjust the pressure appropriately to change the speed of the sweeping brush. 5, additional sweeper can choose according to the road vehicle whether brush to brush on the left and the right to work at the same time, such as sweeping the road corner is only open one side of the brush rotation work here in the corner 6, the dustbin of the scavenging car may have small dust deposits, and manual processing is required to clean up the dustbin. 7, the distance from the sweeping car to the ground should be adjusted according to the condition of the road. The scavenging tube may often have dirt and mud, and it will need to be cleaned up regularly for better results. 9, control the electrical parts of the box in order to use a more stable need to replace a piece. 10, the sanitation worker should regularly check whether the functional areas are normal In order to avoid the effects of foreign bodies in hydraulic oil on the normal operation of the electromagnetic control valves, the sanitation workers should check the hydraulic oil regularly. 12, it is normal to check the limit device of the clutch power push rod of the engine. 13, the time interval should be five seconds when the floor is converted 14, when a hydraulic part of a road sweeper is not working properly, check the oil circuit before checking the circuit. (1) the reason that the circuit is partially abnormal may be: insurance disconnection, line connection looseness, line break (2) there may be reasons for the abnormal flow of oil: the oil pump failure, the breakdown of the tubing, the leakage of oil from the oil circuit, and the failure of the solenoid valve. Cleaning work Open the control box and point the control valve to the secondary valve position 2 start vice machine 3 the clutch control button points to the closed position, and the fan starts to work 4 point the dust box control knob to the descending position The left sweep or right sweep control button points to the descending position 6 turn the left sweep or right sweep the control knob to the positive position (left pan clockwise, right hand counterclockwise) The left spray, the right water spray, and the rear water control knob point to the open position Set the pump control button to the open position The car moves at the right speed and begins to sweep Cleaning the end The car stopped running Control the pump control button, left spray control button, right water control button, and rear water jet control knob point to close position 3 will sweep the control button to the middle position 4 move the dial to the position of the liter and then point to the middle position Point the dust box to the top and point to the middle position Point the clutch to the position of the point, and then point to the middle position 7 control the control key point to the middle position Close the secondary engine Turn off the power of the control box Waste discharged Open the control box and point the control knob to the main valve position 2 start the main engine of the vehicle Step 3 on the clutch Turn on the oil pump clutch switch. Release the clutch at the appropriate speed 6 position the back door control knob on the control box to point to the open position, and then point to the middle position in 5 seconds The control button is pointed at the Angle of the carriage, and the control key points to the middle position at any time 8 garbage cleaning When the garbage is cleared, the control button is pointed to the lower position, and the control button points to the middle position after the carriage return Set the back door to the center of the lock, and then point to the middle position 10 seconds later Clean up the garbage Step on the clutch 13 attach the additional pump clutch control button (inward push) Release the clutch at the appropriate speed The control valve of the control box points to the middle position Turn off the control box Best environment for the type of scavenging car Wet sweeping road, highway, road surface area No brush dry sweep road, highway, north cold outdoor work There is a brush dry sweeping car, which is not normal, and it is the same as wet . 道路清扫车是集路面清扫、垃圾回收和运输为一体的新型高效清扫设备。简单的说就是在专用汽车底盘上改装道路清扫功能的扫地车型，车辆除底盘发动机外，另外加装一个副发动机，四把扫刷由液压马达带动工作，带风机、垃圾箱、水箱等多种配套设备。这种全新的车型可一次完成地面清扫、马路道牙边清扫、马路道牙清洗及清扫后对地面的洒水等工作,适用于各种气候和不同干燥路面的清扫作业。 清扫车类型 一般以行走方式、作业方式或除尘方式来进行分类，通常多以作业方式分类 1、手推式清扫车和手扶式清扫车 2、自行式清扫车 3、纯扫式清扫车 4、吸扫式清扫车 5、纯吸式清扫车（多功能全吸式扫路车） 6、干式清扫车（吸尘车） 7、湿式清扫车 8、全吸式清扫车 干式清扫车介绍 干式清扫车就是一种新型道路清扫车，不用刷子不喷水，全部气流作业,靠的是空气动力学原理, 经专家鉴定国内领先技术，且拥有独立的知识产权，洛阳驰风车业有限公司自行开发、研制、生产的路洁牌系列吸尘车全部用气流，不用刷子、不喷水，没有一次扬尘、没有二次扬尘，路洁吸尘车的广泛使用将大大减少空气中可吸入颗粒物的含量，彻底解决了粉尘污染严重的问题，是一种环保、节能的现代化新型环卫产品，这种产品的环保技术指标高于国家行业标准。 纯吸式清扫车 纯吸式道路清扫车是一种“无二次扬尘污染、功能上优于传统扫路车”的全新高科技产品！ 该车采用负压纯吸的原理，由吸尘系统、一次集尘箱、二次集尘箱、粉尘回收系统、液压系统、今盛除尘滤筒、电控系统及行走系统等组成，具有吸尘范围广、吸净率高、吸口无二次扬尘、出风口无粉尘排放、工作效率高等优点，是环卫清洁及物料回收的优选产品。适用于于易产生扬尘污染的多粉尘、高浓度和大密度的工矿企业；城市高架、快速道路及桥隧的快速清扫保洁；城市主干道、高等级公路及高速公路的清扫保洁。 干式清扫车介绍 干式清扫车就是一种新型道路清扫车，不用刷子不喷水，全部气流作业,靠的是空气动力学原理, 经专家鉴定国内领先技术，且拥有独立的知识产权，洛阳驰风车业有限公司自行开发、研制、生产的路洁牌系列吸尘车全部用气流，不用刷子、不喷水，没有一次扬尘、没有二次扬尘，路洁吸尘车的广泛使用将大大减少空气中可吸入颗粒物的含量，彻底解决了粉尘污染严重的问题，是一种环保、节能的现代化新型环卫产品，这种产品的环保技术指标高于国家行业标准。 多功能全吸式清扫车 多功能全吸式扫路车是采用专利技术研制的新产品，它改变了以往清扫车用盘刷滚动刷扫的传统方式，而全部采用气流来完成作业，利用气流运动方式将粉尘和垃圾收集储存起来，因此效率很高。本产品可有效减少粉尘污染，提高空气质量，降低空气中可吸入颗粒物的含量，改善人们的生活环境。 为何需要使用扫路车 一、传统的回答：扫路车用来扫地，洗地车用来清洗并擦干各种地面。 二、专业的回答：扫路车不仅能够解决困难还能够为使用者获得更多的利润。 三、扫路车能够解决以下问题： 1、人们生活在满是灰尘的环境中的健康问题； 2、国家法律或地方法规要求的环境指标； 3、由于灰尘或垃圾而造成路面过早过度的破损问题； 4、生产车间的产品被灰尘污染的问题； 5、生产车间内固定或移动的机器被灰尘污染的问题； 四、能够带来更大的利润（或节约开支）： 1、扫路车的扫地吸尘系统相当于6-40倍的人工； 2、减少灰尘对环境污染的程度（节约时间和财力，减少人工对产品外表的清洁， 对机械设备的清洁保养以及周期性的环境卫生工作等） 3、提高工作效率，同时提高操作者的工作积极性； 4、一个良好整洁的环境不仅提高城市形象，而且更有利于城市文化的建设及市民工作的积极性。 五、扫路车机械与人工的比较 1、工作效率，同样的作业面积时间上大大缩短； 2、清洁成本，可以肯定的是机械单位面积的清洁成本比人工还要低； 3、清洁效果，机械可以避免清洁剂使用不平均，清洁效果不统一的问题； 4、安全性能，让清洁工人身处安全环境（马路上的车辆太多，自身的安全意识不强） 5、经济回报，以一辆车为例，它停止使用的那天共花费了多少钱，才是它真正的价钱。除了投资成本外，还有运营成本和人力消费成本。 我国扫路车行业历经数十年的发展，产品从单一的纯扫式发展到目前的多种型式，产品性能和产品质量迅速提高，特别是在改革开放以后，通过进口关键外购件使扫路车产品性能和可靠性大大提高。但目前我国扫路车的水平与国外发达国家相比，还存在一定的差距，特别是在产品的可靠性方面。为尽快提高我国扫路车的水平，缩小与先进国家扫路车水平的差距，满足我国环卫部门对路面清扫作业的要求，扫路车生产企业应选择一个合适的扫路车研究方向。随着社会的发展、进步，不再满足于单纯意义上的吸尘车，将从多功能、环保、经济等方面提出更多的要求，市场呼唤能满足各种需求的吸尘车。就是在上述情况下，由中国建筑二局洛阳建筑工程机械厂与洛阳驰风车业有限公司联合研制的具有自主知识产权全新的多功能全吸式扫路车目前已正式投放市场。这种全新的车型可一次完成地面清扫、马路道牙边清扫、马路道牙清洗及清扫后对地面的洒水等工作，适用于各种气候和不同干燥路面的清扫作业，更适合于广场、公路、住宅小区、停车场、码头、机场、车站、水泥厂、电厂等场所的清洁除尘。 1，为避免操作失误，扫路车控制阀主要区分为主阀门和副阀门。那么这两种阀门主要的区别又在哪里呢，主阀门的动力来自扫路车底盘，副阀门的动力来自专用功能部分的副发动机。常见的扫路车副发动机有朝柴、江铃、康明斯。主阀门管理底盘后面的外壳车厢倾斜和车厢后门的液压开关，副阀门管理扫路车的四把地刷（可单独控制一面或全部工作）和吸盘的工作。 2，扫路车的副发动机因为选用发动机品牌不同功率不同，不过一般的的转速在1500转-1800转左右 3，根据工作需要一般可以选择是否需要带喷水降尘功能，常规配置一般自带后喷水，同时需注意清水箱水量是否够用，一般清水箱容积不同，工作时间可能有差距。 4，道路清扫车电磁多路阀压力调节一般在溢流阀上，用户可以适当调节压力来改变扫地刷的转速。 5，另外扫地车可根据路面情况选择车辆左边地刷和右边地刷是否同时工作，如扫路边角落则只用开启靠角的一边地刷转动工作 6，扫路车的垃圾箱可能有细小的灰尘沉积，清理垃圾箱时需要人工手动处理。 7，扫路车吸盘离地面的距离应根据路段情况经常调整。 8，扫路车吸尘管可能经常有尘土泥巴粘附，需经常清理到达更好效果。 9，控制箱内的电器部分为了使用更稳定需要更换时最好是拆一件换一件。 10，环卫工人应该经常定期检查各功能部位是否正常 11，为了避免液压油中的异物会对电磁控制阀的正常工作造成影响，环卫工人应定期检查液压油是否正常。 12，经常检查车辆副发动机的离合器电动推杆的限位装置是否正常。 13，扫地车控制钮转换时，时间间隔应为5秒 14，当道路清扫车的某液压件工作不正常时，按步骤先检查油路再检查电路。 （1）电路部分不正常可能的原因有： 保险断开、 线路连接松动脱落、 线路断裂 （2）油路部分不正常可能的原因有： 油泵的故障、油管破裂或油路连接处脱落漏油、电磁阀故障。 清扫工作 1 打开控制箱电源，将控制阀指向副阀位置 2 启动副机 3 将副机离合器控制按钮指向合的位置，风机开始工作 4 将吸尘盒控制钮指向降的位置 5 将左扫盘或右扫盘控制钮指向降的位置 6 将左扫旋转或右扫旋转控制钮指向正转位置（左盘顺时针、右盘逆时针） 7将左喷水、右喷水、后喷水控制钮指向开的位置 8 将水泵控制钮指向开的位置 9 车辆以适当的速度行驶，开始清扫动作 清扫结束 指 导 教 师 评 语 外文翻译成绩： 指导教师签字： 年 月 日 注：1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面：①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计（论文）的主题是否高度相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计（论文）的参考文献；②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量（3 000字以上）；③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。 2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。 共 10页 第 10 页