丘吉尔演讲speechonHitlersinvasionoftheUSSR

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1、12Winston ChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice (194045 and 19515

2、5). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States. 是英国政客和政治家，他领导

3、英国在第二次世界大战期间的。 他被广泛认为是本世纪最伟大的战时领导人之一，并作为担任总理两次（ 1940 - 45 及 1951 - 55 ）。 一位著名的政治家和演说家， 丘吉尔人员在英国的军队，一个历史学家，作家和艺术家。 他是唯一有获得诺贝尔文学奖 的英国首相，而且是第一人，美国名誉公民。 3Personal details Born: 30 November 1874Died: 24 January 1965 (aged 90) Spouse (s): Clementine Churchill (m. 19081965) Children :Diana ChurchillRandolp

4、h ChurchillSarah Tuchet-JessonMarigold ChurchillMary Soames Relations Lord Randolph Churchill (father) Lady Randolph Churchill (mother)John Strange Spencer-Churchill (brother)Pamela Harriman (former daughter-in-law)Winston Churchill (grandson)4Family and Early life Churchill was born into the aristo

5、cratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother Jenny Jerome, an American socialite. Because of the lack of parental contact, he became very close to his nanny, Elizabeth Anne Everest, w

6、hom he used to call Old Woom.5Education He was educated at three independent schools: St. Georges School, Ascot, Brunswick School in Hove and then at Harrow School from 17 April 1888, where his military career began. After Churchill left Harrow in 1893, he applied to attend the Royal Military Colleg

7、e, SandhurstWinston Churchill graduated from the royal military academy at sandhurst in 1894. Churchill in military uniform in 18956A young Winston Churchill on a lecture tour of the United States in 1900Churchill in military uniform in 18957Early Political careerChurchill with the Royal Scots Fusil

8、iers, 19168Churchills election poster for the 1900 general election. He contested Oldham, and won one of the seats.After the Whitsun recess in 1904 he crossed the floor to sit as a member of the Liberal Party. When the Liberals took office with Henry Campbell-Bannerman as prime minister, in December

9、 1905, Churchill became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies dealing mainly with South Africa after the Boer War.When Campbell-Bannerman was succeeded by Herbert Henry Asquith in 1908, Churchill was promoted to the Cabinet as President of the Board of TradeIn 1910, he was promoted to Home Secre

10、taryIn 1911, Churchill was transferred to the office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, a post he held into the First World War.In 1915, he resigned from the government, remaining an MP9 In March 1916, Churchill returned to England after he had become restless in France and wished to speak again in

11、 the House of Commons. In July 1917, Churchill was appointed Minister of Munitions In 1919, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air10Winston Churchill (highlighted) at Sidney Street, 3 January 1911 丘吉尔（圆圈者）在1911年1月3日到现场视察锡得尼街之围 In early January 1911, Churchill made a controversial

12、visit to the Siege of Sidney Street in London. There is some uncertainty as to whether he attempted to give operational commands, and his presence attracted much criticism. 11First term as prime ministerOn 10 May 1940, hours before the German invasion of France by a lightning advance through the Low

13、 Countries, it became clear that, following failure in Norway, the country had no confidence in Chamberlains prosecution of the war and so Chamberlain resigned. The commonly accepted version of events states that Lord Halifax turned down the post of prime minister because he believed he could not go

14、vern effectively as a member of the House of Lords instead of the House of Commons. Although the prime minister does not traditionally advise the King on the formers successor, Chamberlain wanted someone who would command the support of all three major parties in the House of Commons. A meeting betw

15、een Chamberlain, Halifax, Churchill and David Margesson, the government Chief Whip, led to the recommendation of Churchill, and, as a constitutional monarch, George VI asked Churchill to be prime minister. Churchills first act was to write to Chamberlain to thank him for his support. 12 After the Co

16、nservative Party lost the 1945 election , he became Leader of the Opposition。 保守党失去了1945年大选后，他成为反对党领袖 。Churchill at Potsdam, July 194513Second term as prime minister After the General Election of 1951, Churchill again held the office of Minister of Defence between October 1951 and January 1952. He a

17、lso became prime minister in October 1951, and his third governmentafter the wartime national government and the brief caretaker government of 1945lasted until his resignation in April 1955. 14Honourshe was the first person to become an Honorary Citizen of the United States. Churchill received the N

18、obel Prize in Literature in 1953 for his numerous published works, especially his six-volume set The Second World War. In a 2002 BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons, he was proclaimed The Greatest of Them All based on approximately a million votes from BBC viewers. Churchill was also rated as one o

19、f the most influential leaders in history by TIME. Churchill College, Cambridge was founded in 1958 to memorialise him.15Honorary degrees University of Rochester (LLD) in 1941227 Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts (LLD) in 1943 McGill University in Montreal, Canada (LLD) in 1944 Westmins

20、ter College in Fulton, Missouri 5 March 1946 Leiden University in Leiden, Netherlands, honorary doctorate in 1946228 University of Miami in Miami, Florida in 1947 University of Copenhagen in Copenhagen, Denmark (PhD) in 1950161701 Never, never, never, never give up.永远，永远，永远，永远都不要放弃。02 The whole hist

21、ory of the world is summed up in the fact that, when nations are strong, they are not always just, and when they wish to be just, they are no longer strong.世界历史可以总结为：当一个国家强大的时候，它并不总是公正的。而当它试图去变得公正时，它就不再强大。03 Courage is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm.勇气就是不断失败，而不丧失热情。04 This i

22、s not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.这不是结束。这甚至不是结束的开始。但，这可能是开始的结束。05 I like a man who grins when he fights.我喜欢微笑着战斗的人。06 True genius resides in the capacity for evaluation of uncertain, hazardous, and conflicting information.真正的才华体现在对未知

23、、危险和矛盾的信息的判断之中。07 Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.站起来说话需要勇气。坐下倾听同样需要。08 Study history, study history. In history lies all the secrets of statecraft.学习历史，学习历史。历史中有一切治国之道。1809 Success is going from failure to failure without losing e

24、nthusiasm.成功就是不断失败，而不丧失热情。10 We shall draw from the heart of suffering itself the means of inspiration and survival.我们应从遭受苦难的心中获得呼吸、生存的方法。11 Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.态度是小事，但能造成很大区别。12 We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.我们靠获得的东西生存。但我们靠给予的

25、东西生活。13 A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.悲观主义者从每个机遇中看到困难，乐观主义者从每个困难中看到机遇。14 Nothing is more costly, nothing is more sterile, than vengeance没有比复仇更昂贵、更没用的事情了。15 If you mean to profit, learn to please.如果你想挣钱，学会高兴。16 It is no use saying, We are doing our best. You have got to succeed in doing what is necessary.说“我们尽力了”，没有用。你要在必须做的事情上成功。 19202122