高考英语一轮复习 语法梳理代词13页Word文档

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1、高考英语热点名师调研 代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1）机械地套用语法规则；2）用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us You them

2、 物主代词 形容 词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 指示代词 this that such these those such 相互代词 宾格 each other one another 所有格 each other’s one another

3、’s 不定代词 可数 one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither 不可数 much, (a) little 可数不可数 any other all some 复合 不定代词 anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing 疑问代词 who whom whose which what 连接代词 who whom whose which what（参见

4、第九讲） 关系代词 who whom whose which that（参见第十一讲） 1.人称代词 ①在句中作主语用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格； She teaches them physics. ②在句中作表语常用宾格； Who is it? It’s me. 但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story. 在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。 ③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是： 单数按2，3，1人称排列，复数按1，2，3人称顺序排列。 you, she and I ; we, you and they

5、 2.物主代词 ①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语 We love our motherland. ②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语 Your coat is black while mine is red. 3.反身代词 ①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语 He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（宾语） She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。（表语） I myself can repair the bike.（主语的同位语） ②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳 by oneself

6、= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己 be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快 seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿 devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气 come to oneself苏醒 make

7、 oneself at home 不要客气 4.指示代词 ①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指 I don’t want this book. I want that one. ②有时为了避免重复，常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词 At this time of year，the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing. ③this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this；但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this，不能用that。此

8、外，还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有of短语修饰。 Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health) They cant afford it.That/this is their problem. What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替换) The popul

9、ation of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou. ④such的用法 such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。 Such is my answer. Such are the results of the exams. I have never seen such beautiful flowers. 用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。 5.相互代词 ①在句中可作宾语 They help each other and learn f

10、rom each other. ②加’s后成为所有格,作定语 They asked about one another’s life and work. 6.不定代词 不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形式列出。 不定代词 区 别 例 句 one, some， any和it one可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为ones。 ①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet. A.one B.ones C.it

11、 D.them ②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 —Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico. Would you like ________? A.it B.some

12、 C.this D.1ittle some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 ①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —________way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either one指同类中的一个，it

13、指代同一种类的东西。记住下列三点区别： ①it =the /this/ my…+单数名词 one =a/an+单数名词 ②it代替特定的单数名词 one代替不特定的单数名词 ③one之前加上定冠词the可以表示特指，one前如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词,但是it之前既不能加冠词也不能加形容词修饰。 此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。 ①—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the book

14、store. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it ②This film is an interesting one. ③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best. some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 ①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any

15、C.a little,some D.a little,any ②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________. A.none B.either C.any D.each ③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much each和every each强调

16、个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 ①Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points. all和both both指两个人或物,而all指三个以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主语，宾语,表语,同位语和定语 ①— Wh

17、ich of the two books will you take? — I’ll take ____and I think ____of them is very important to me. A. either; neither B. neither; both C. both; either D. either; both ②—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most? —____.They are both cheap and of great importance.

18、 A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 注意：both, all, each, every以及由every构成的不定代词出现在否定句中，不管否定词在前还是在后，都是部分否定：All of them don’t like music=Not all of them like music.他们并不都喜欢音乐。 要表示完全否定，需要借助neither，none ，no one ，nothing，nobody等。 Neither of them doesn’t like music.他们俩都不喜欢音乐。 None of them don’t

19、like the music.他们都不喜欢音乐。 none和no no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可。 ①There is no water in the bottle. ②How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. other和another other泛指“另外的，别的”常与 其他词连用，④the other day, every other

20、 week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。 ①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract. A.another B. the other C. neither D. each ②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. another指“又一个，另一个”， 复数形式是others，泛指“别的 人或事”

21、。 ①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have ______ one this month. A.the other B. some C. another D. other ②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair /some others. ③Some like football, while others like basketball. either和neither 前者意思为：两者中任何一方都；

22、后者意思为：两者都不。 ①—Do you want tea or coffee? —______,I really don't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. all ②It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each few和little; a few和a lit

23、tle few 和little 表示没有多少,含否 定意义,而a few 和a little表示一 些,有几个,含肯定意义.另外, few 与a few修饰可数名词, little与 a little 修饰不可数名词。 此外quite a few , quitea little意 思是“不少,相当多的”。 ①The old man knows a little English. ②Few of them can speak Russian. 7.it的用法 ①用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事情。 This bike is not mine. It’s Peter’s.

24、②用以代替提示代词this, that —What is this? —It’s a pen. —Whose book is that? —It’s Mike’s. ③起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物 —Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me. —Who is making such a noise. —It must be the children. ④指环境情况等。 It was very quiet at the moment. ⑤指时间，季节，天气，气候等 —What time

25、is it? —It is eight o’clock. It often rains in summer. ⑥指距离 It is five kilometers from the office to my home. It is a long way to the factory. ⑦作形式主语和形式宾语 当动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语 It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is not a good habit to stay up late.

26、 It is no use crying over split milk. It is a pity that you didn’t read the book.. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,动名词,宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前 I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English. He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 注意：see t

27、o it that…（务必）和take it for granted that…（想当然）句型中的it，以及词组make it（做事成功，搞定）中的it。 ⑧用于强调结构（详见第十二讲） 要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语,状语,宾语), 可以把it 当作先行词.这种句子的结构是 “It is(was)+被强调部分+that (who )+句子的其余部分” .如果强调的部分是人,可用who whom 代替that I met an old friend in the park yesterday. 此句各部分被强调后句型如下： It was I who /that met an ol

28、d friend in the park yesterday. It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday. It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday. It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park. ①Our neighbors gave___a baby bird yesterday that hurt___when it fell from its nest. A.u

29、s,it B. us,itselfC. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it ②To save class time, our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A. us B. we C. our D. ours 【解析】答案为A。us students 是同位结构。us是宾

30、语，students为us的同谓语，又如：tell us all。 Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _____. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her        D. him and hers 【解析】答案为B。在句中作表语，指“他的邮票和她的邮票”用his and her (=his stamps and her stamps)。 ①—Who called me this morning when I was out? —A

31、 man calling ______ Robert. A. him     B. himself      C. his      D.不填 【解析】答案为B。 因为“call sb./oneself+某名”就是“叫某人/自称某名字”；句意是“一个自称罗 伯特的人”，用himself。 ②Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals ____ after an injury? A. himself B. him C. itself D. it 【解析】答

32、案为C。itself 指代前面的the human body。 ①—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was _____? —_____ was in 2019 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It 【解析】答案为D。that可以指代过去的情况,下句是强调句型的省略形式=it was in

33、2019 when he was still in college he got his first book published. ②—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street? —Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is. A. Such B. There C. That D. This 【解析】答案为C。that代替上下文提到的地方。 ③The English spoken in the United States is o

34、nly slightly different from ____ spoken in England. A. which B. what C. that D. the one 【解析】答案为C。that用来指代前面的名词The English,以避免重复。题意是“美国英语现和英国英语只有很微小的差别了。”在英语中，that还常可以用来指代人口、天气、金钱等。如： The weather here is hotter than that in the north of the country. ④Little joy can equal ________ of a sur

35、prising ending when you read stories. A. that B. those C. any D. some 【解析】答案为A。因为替代前面的不可数名词（little）joy，所以用that,而不是those。 此外指示代词“this和that”还可以用作副词修饰形容词，相当于“so”。 ⑤Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ______ much to do. A. such

36、  B. that C. more D. very 【解析】答案为B。much前用so, 不用such。口语中，常用that来代替so。 ①If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ______? I won’t read them this week. A. all   B. any      C. either   D. both  【解析】答案为D。由前后语境来看，应是建议对方将两本书都拿去看。

37、②You may drop in or just give me a call. ______ will do.   A. Either B. Each   C. Neither              D. All 【解析】答案为A。由前句可知是指两者中的“任何一个”，用either。 ③Of all the books on the desk,  ______ is of any use for our study.  A. nothing         B. no one           C. neither

38、 D. none ④It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which ____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neitherC. both D. each 【解析】答案为B。neither 表示“两者都不”，句意：在父母都不懂 英语的家庭里学习英语，对于他 来讲是很困难的。 ⑤The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ______ who can captu

39、re the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another 【解析】答案为C。根据句意“谁能捕获那只老虎，无论死活，市长将给赏金5000美元”应选C项。其它三个选项均与题意不符。 ①There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _____?    A. little; some         B. little; any  

40、        C. a little; some      D. a little; any    【解析】答案为A。因为在Would you…? 等表示请求、劝请或建议之类的问句中，一般用some；又由 后文“买些油”可知，家里“没有油”了，所以用little。句意：家里没有油了，请你到附近 的店子里买些回来好吗？ ②―Would you like _____, sir? ―No, thanks. I have had much.    A. some more oranges         B. any more oranges      C. some more

41、 orange     D. any more orange 【解析】答案为A。由答语中的much可知，对话中的orange是指“桔子汁”而非“桔子”，是不可数名 词，没有复数形式，排除选项A和B；在劝请的疑问名中用some不用any，排除选项D。 ①I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city. A. ones            B. one     C. that   D. those 【解析】答案为C。选项

42、中只有that能替代不可数名词the air。one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those，当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)，如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同类”事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。 ②We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _____we like yet. A. one    

43、  B. ones     C. it         D. them 【解析】答案为A。one =a house, 指我们喜欢的那一类房子。 ③Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do. A. one             B. ones            C. it D. those 【解析】答案为B。 替代泛指的名词复数problems，用ones。those是替代特的“the +复数名

44、词”的。 ④My most famous relative of all, __________ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. A. one     B. the one             C. he       D. someone 【解析】答案为B。由语境可判断是特指，且作My most famous relative of all的同位语，用the one。 ⑤—There is still a

45、 copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it 【解析】答案为A。it指代前面的a copy of the book,后面的意思是：我要到书店去买一本（不是特指哪一本）。 ①I think he’s just going to deal with this problem ______ day. A. next         

46、  B. other           C. following        D. another 【解析】答案为D。表示“改天”用another day。但表示相对于过去或将来某天来说的“第二天”时， 用the next day 或the following day都可以。 ②No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _____.  A. others B. the other            C.

47、 either D. another 【解析】答案为B。由neither可知，谈话双方都不同意对方的条件，这个“对方”是特指的另一方，所以用the other。 ③The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent. A. any other B. the other C. another D. other 【解析】答案为C。题干上的意思应该是“价格不会再增长超过4%”。any other “其他另外的”。the other“

48、两者中第二者”。another“另外，又”，放在数词前面。other表示“另外”，和more一 样，要放在数字的后面。 ①—One week’s time has been wasted. —I can’t believe we did all that work for _____. A. something         B. nothing C. everything          D. anything 【解析】答案为B。因为for nothing是习语，意为“徒劳、没有好结果”、“免费”，句意是：我简直不敢相信我们所做的一切都是徒劳的。

49、 ②She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got ______to talk to. A. anyone         B. someone            C. everyone        D. no one 【解析】答案为D。因为“在这里，她谁都不认识”，所以“她没有人可以交谈”。no one = nobody = not…any one没有一个人。 ③I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _____

50、 else, it was hard to make out. A. none     B. everyone     C. someone    D. anyone 【解析】答案为D。意为除了我以外，“其他任何人(anyone else)”都很难懂。 ④—I’d like some more cheese. —Sorry, there’s ______ left. A. some B. none C. a little D. few 【解析】答案为B。none

51、既可以修饰可数名词，表示“一个也不， 一个也没有”；也可以修饰不可数名词，表示“一点也不，一点也没有”。在本题中指代不可数名词cheese。本题的意思是：—我想再来点奶酪。—抱歉，一点都没有了。A项some表示“一些”，C项a little表示“有一点”，修饰不可数名词D项few表示“几乎没有”，修饰可数名词。 ①If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 【解析】答案为C。if I

52、can help it意为“如果我有办法”，表示有办法做某事，或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I don’t like working late into the night说明如果有办法，不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为“这样”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。 ②I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you 【解析】答案为B。it指代用来泛泛地指某事，可用于如I like/hate it, I appreciate it等类似的句子。表示喜欢/憎恨和赞赏某事。 【答案】C 【解析】两者中的任何一种可用either; 在三者中进行比较用最高级。 内容总结 （1）高考英语热点名师调研 代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性 （2）some         B. little （3）any    【解析】答案为A