Herman-Melville-作家及作品介绍PPT优秀课件

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1、1Puritanism (Calvinism), Transcendentalism,Symbolism, Individualism2Herman Melville (1819-1891)3Herman Melville (1819-1891)1) Novelist2) Symbolism + allegory3) Moby-Dick (a white whale): His best work and masterpiece; the first American prose epic.（散文体史诗）4Melvilles major works1) Early works: Mardi;

2、Redburn; White Jacket Moby-Dick2) Late works: Pierre; Billy Budd5Melvilles viewpoints1. Apart from Hawthorne, whose black vision regarding the evil of human beings had in some way changed Melvilles outlook on life and whose allegorical way of exposition had affected his writing techniques, Shakespea

3、rean tragic vision and Emersionian Transcendentalism also produced some positive effect of his writing.6Melvilles viewpoints 2. In the early ones, Melville is more enthusiastic about setting out on a quest for the meaning of the universe, hence they are more metaphysical形而上学的, 超自然的and the main chara

4、cters are ardent激烈的and self-dramatizing自我中心的 “I”, defying God, as best reflected on Moby-Dick; while in the late works, Melville becomes more reconciled with the world of man, in which, he admits, one must live by rules.72001.4n29. Most of Herman Melvilles novels are based on sea voyages and sea adv

5、entures. Which of the following is not the case? A. Typee. B. Moby-Dick. C. Omoo. D. The Confidence-Man 8Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic.9Analysis of Moby-Dick1. The story2. Theme: surface and deep interpretations3. Structure: a combination of romanticism and realism4. Symboli

6、sm and allegory5. Artistic features: 1) Language style; 2) writing style6. The excerpt10 1.The story The story goes roughly as follows. The outcast youth Ishmael, feeling depressed, seeks escape by going out to sea on the whaling ship, Pequod. The captain is Ahab, the man with one leg. Moby-Dick, th

7、e white whale, had sheared off折断 his leg on a previous voyage, and Ahab resolves to hunt him to the kill. He hangs a doubloon （古金币）on the mast as reward for anyone who sights the whale first. The pequod makes a good catch of whales but Ahab refuses to turn back until he has killed his enemy. 11 1.Th

8、e story Eventually the whale appears, the Pequod begins its doomed fight with it. On the first day, the whale overturns a boat; on the second it swamps another. Ehen the third day comes, Ahab and his crew manage to plunge 使插入 a harpoon into it, but the whale carries the Pequod along with it to its d

9、oom. All on board the whale ship get drowned, except one, Ishmael, who survives to tell the tale. 12 2.Theme: surface and deep interpretations 1) Surface interpretation: The story is not complicated, dealing with Ahab, a man with an overwhelming obsession to kill the whale which has crippled him, on

10、 board his ship Pequod in the chase of the big whale. The dramatic description of the hazards of whaling makes the book a very exciting sea narrative and builds a literary monument to an era of whaling industry in the nineteenth century. 13 2.Theme: surface and deep interpretations 2) Deep interpret

11、ation But Moby-Dick is not merely a whaling tale or sea adventure, considering that Melville is a great symbolist. It turns out to be a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe, a spiritual exploration into mans deep reality and psychology.14 3.The structure: a

12、 combination of romanticism and realism It is a mixture of fantasy（幻想） and realism based upon the South Pacific whaling industry; it might be read as an initiation （beginning）story about Ishmael, the outcast, finding himself in a real world of hard work and danger and an unreal world of speculation

13、（思索）and mystery; 15 3.The structure: a combination of romanticism and realism moreover, it is a fabulous 寓言般的dramatization戏剧化的表现 of Ahabs obsessed determination to revenge himself in the pursuit of one particular whale who has previously destroyed his boat and humiliated him by ripping off one of hi

14、s legs.164. Symbolism and allegory Like Hawthorne, Melville is a master of allegory and symbolism. Different people on board the ship are representations of different ideas and different social and ethnic groups; Facts become symbols and incidents acquire universal meanings. 1) the Pequod is the mic

15、rocosm （微观世界）of human society. 2) The voyage becomes a search for truth. 174. Symbolism and allegory 3) The white whale means many things: To Melville, it symbolizes nature, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant恶性的, and beautiful as well. To Ahab, it represents evil. Moby-Dick is like a wall, h

16、iding some unknown, mysterious things behind. Ahab pursued the whale so as to pierce the wall, to root out the evil, but only to be destroyed by evil, in this case, by his own desire, his madness.184. Symbolism and allegory To the author, the reader and Ishmael, the narrator, Moby Dick is a mystery,

17、 a mystery of universe, inscrutable难以了解的and ambivalent矛盾的, and the voyage of the mind will forever remain a search, not a discovery, of the truth.19 5.Artistic features 1) Language features Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American epic. Although it is presented in the form of a novel, at times it

18、 seems like a prose poem. It is difficult to read because much of the talk in the novel is sailors talk and much of the language is purposely old-fashioned and Elizabethan. 20 5.Artistic features 2) Writing style (1) Symbolism (2) Melvilles gifts of language, invention, psychological analysis, specu

19、lative agility思维的敏捷思维的敏捷and narrative power are fused溶为一体to make Moby-Dick a world classic. (3) The skillful use of Ishmael both as a character and narrator gives the novel a moral magnitude重要性 . 21 5.Artistic features (4) The manipulation操纵of the whaling chapters for some philosophical speculation思

20、索makes the novel more than symbolic. (5) Different levels of language use and styles turn the whole book into a symphony with all the musical instruments going on to form a melody. 22 5.Artistic features (6) Melvilles knowledge of epic and tragedy, the highest literary genres, helps him produce a gr

21、eat epic, with Ahab at the center as a tragic hero, who burns with a baleful fire, becoming evil himself in his thirst to destroy evil (image). 23Moby-Dick (6. The excerpt) The excerpt is from the last chapter of Moby-Dick, in which the great chase of the white whale is ending and we are close to th

22、e conclusion of the book. The Pequod has finally sighted Moby-Dick. The boats have been lowered in chase of the whale, which has already demolished two of them. Though Ahab kills the white whale, yet all the human beings involved, except the narrator, die in the process. At the end only nature, symb

23、olized by the sea, remains moving but unmoved. 24Call me IshmaelIshmael, the outcast, finding himself in a real world of hard work and danger and an unreal world of speculation （思索）（思索）and mystery; 25Melville manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives

24、. 26Ahab27It turns out to be a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe, a spiritual exploration into mans deep reality and psychology.28In MobyDick, the white whale symbolizes nature for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as we

25、ll. 29“Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.” means that mans desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destruction302000.4n25.For Melville, as well as for the reader and _ , the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate

26、mystery of the universe. nA.Ahab nB.Ishmael nC.Stubb nD.Starbuck 311999.437.In Moby-Dick after the whaling ship The Pequad sinks, Melville writes: “ then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.” The author might imply that _A. Nothing changes in

27、 the 5,000 years of human historyB. mans desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destructionC. Nature is evil as it was 5,000 years agoD. Nature has the ultimate creative power.322007.4n10. Which of the following writing is regarded as the first American prose epic?A. Pierre B. Moby Dick C.

28、 Typee D. Billy Budd332004.4n37.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,（）also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives. nA. Mark Twain nB. Henry James nC. R. W. Emerson nD. Herman Melville342008.4n31The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes _ for Melville, for it is

29、 complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.nAsociety nBnaturenCocean animals nD both A and C 352007.4 n32In MobyDick, the white whale symbolizes _ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.Anature Bhuman societyCwhaling industry Dtruth362004.4n27.

30、“Then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.” In the quoted sentence, the author might imply that _.A. nothing changes in the 5000 years of human historyB. mans desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destructionC. nature is evil as it

31、 was 5000 years agoD. nature has the ultimate creative power372004.4n30. Besides symbolism, all the following qualities EXCEPT _are fused to make Melvilles Moby-Dick a world classic.nA. narrative power nB. psychological analysisnC. speculative agility 思维的敏捷思维的敏捷nD. optimistic view of life382003.4n50

32、.Retell in a few sentences the story of the last chapter (Ch, 135) “The ChaseThird Day” of Melvilles novel Moby-Dick. Discuss the meaning of the ending of the story.39Answer In the last chapter of Moby-Dick, the great chase of the white whale is ending and we are close to the conclusion of the book.

33、 The Pequod has finally sighted Moby-Dick. The boats have been lowered in chase of the whale, which has already demolished two of them. Though Ahab kills the white whale, yet all the human beings involved, except the narrator, die in the process. At the end only nature, symbolized by the sea, remain

34、s moving but unmoved. It means that mans desire to conquer nature can only end in his own destruction 402006.4 (答案同下一题)n50. Symbolism is an important literary practice in literature and it has been widely used by many American writers. Discuss the way symbolism is used in Melville s Moby Dick. 41200

35、2.4n47.The white whale, Moby Dick, is the most important symbol in Melvilles novel. What symbolic meaning can you draw from it? 42AnswerA. To the author, the whale symbolizes nature, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.B. To Ahab, the whale is either an evil creature it

36、self or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe, or perhaps both.C. To Ishmael, the whale is an astonishing force, an immense power, which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. D. To the readers, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It also represents the tremendous organic （有机体的） vitality of the universe.43电影欣赏n请在百度或谷歌Google视频上欣赏电影Moby-Dick.44