自动立体车库结构设计[2层5车位]-升降横移-载车板【含13张CAD图纸+PDF图】

自动立体车库结构设计[2层5车位]-升降横移-载车板【含13张CAD图纸+PDF图】,2层5车位,含13张CAD图纸+PDF图,自动,立体车库,结构设计,车位,升降,载车板,13,CAD,图纸,PDF 编号 无锡太湖学院 毕业设计（论文） 相关资料 题目： 自动立体车库结构设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业 学 号： 　　　 0923160　　　　 学生姓名： 秦　 栋 指导教师： 　 黄敏 （职称： 副教授 ） （职称： ） 2013年5月25日 目 录 一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告 二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文 三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表” 四、实习鉴定表 无锡太湖学院 毕业设计（论文） 开题报告 题目： 自动立体车库结构设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业 学 号： 0923160 学生姓名： 秦 栋 指导教师：黄 敏 （职称： 副教授 ） （职称： ） 2012年11月25日 课题来源 自拟。 科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等） （1） 课题科学意义 随着我国经济快速的发展，城市交通拥堵和停车难的问题成了影响城市发展的重要因素之一，传统的车库己经不能适应城市发展的要求，再加上我国汽车保有量的不断增加，自动立体车库成为解决这一问题的必然途径。 而自动立体车库的结构设计是车库建设及运行的重要环节，其设计水平与质量直接影响到用户的安全和建造成本。合理的结构设计可最大限度的利用有限的土地空间，缓解城市中停车难的问题。 （2） 自动立体车库的研究状况及其发展前景 国外的机械式立体车库发源于上世纪20年代的美国，50年代以后，伴随着小汽车的大量增加，在西欧、东南亚、韩国和日本立体车库也得到了广泛的应用，并形成了一个包括制造、安装、使用和维修的行业完整体系。这些国家和公司从上世纪六十年代初就开发并使用可最大限度地利用空间的机械式停车设备，经过几十年的不断发展，自动立体车库从结构、控制、驱动、监测等方面不断地更新换代，日趋完善。而自动立体车库的外形也发生了较大的变化，使原来生硬机械钢架子的立体车库变成了一道独特的城市景观。 我国从二十世纪八十年代开始使用机械式停车设备，到如今经过近30年的发展历史，尤其是2000年以后得到了高速发展，现在我国的自动立体车库行业正处于快速发展阶段并很快进入稳定发展阶段，未来市场巨大。尤其在，我国的大中型城市中，自动立体车库需要巨大。但用户对产品的要求有两点，第一点是降低产品的价格，第二点是提高产品技术和性能。随着我国经济持续快速发展，城市规划不断完善，自动立体车库将使一个充满生机的朝阳产业，它的技术将得到长远发展。 研究内容 ① 了解自动立体车库的工作原理，国内外的研究发展现状； ② 完成自动立体车库的总体方案设计； ③ 完成有关零部件的选型计算、结构强度校核及液压系统设计； ④ 熟练掌握有关计算机绘图软件，并绘制装配图和零件图纸； ⑤ 完成设计说明书的撰写，并翻译外文资料1篇。 拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析 根据车辆形状及大小和车库所在场所设计出车库的初步结构设计方案。然后对每个关键部件进行校核并进行修改，完成车库的总体结构设计方案，并根据实际情况选择液压系统并设计液压管路和传动系统，最后绘制完成修改零件和关键结构部件图。 研究计划及预期成果 研究计划： 2012年11月12日-2013年1月20日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。 2013年1月21日-2013年3月15日：填写毕业实习报告,学习并翻译一篇与毕业设计相关的英文材料。 2013年3月16日-2013年3月22日：立体车库结构初步设计。 2013年3月23日-2013年4月20日：绘制装配图校核后并进行修改。 2013年4月21日-2013年5月 3 日：绘制相关零件图。 2013年5月 4 日-2013年5月10日：毕业论文撰写。 2013年5月 6日-2013年 5月20日：毕业论文修改工作。 预期成果： 完成车库主体结构设计，关键部件校核，传动部件及液压系统的设计。 特色或创新之处 ① 自动立体车库结构较为紧凑，可有效利用空间。 ② 适用于小规模车库和地下车库改造且费用较低。 已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 ① 现已有大规模立体车库的结构设计的资料。 ② 要将车库小型化，完善结构设计并加入液压传动系统。 指导教师意见 指导教师签名： 年 月 日 教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日 系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日 英文原文 THE 6 LAYERS STEREO GARAGE DESIGN BASED ON OMRON PLC Zhuoran Zhang Department of Electrical & Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan, China E-mail: Harry zzr@126.com Zhe Mao, Hailing Wan Department of Electrical & Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic University Wuhan, China E-mail:maozhe998@ sina.com Abstract—with the development of the modern society, the number of the vehicles in these cities has been increasing with an exponential speed; especially the private cars, putting a great pressure on urban transportation and parking slot. This article is mainly concerned about the entire structure, running procedure and electrical system design including hardware and program design ideas for lifting-traversing stereo garage, which will not only shorten the developing period but also orient parking to centralization and automation direction; Owning some reference value. Keywords- Stereo Garage, Omron PLC, Design Insufficient parking slots is resulted from the development of the cities, economy and transportation of the cities, the traditional garages are always making the use of the nature vacancy, in a community, the ratio between parking slots and residents is approximately 1:1, one parking slot for a family at least, in order to solve the contradiction that the parking slots using precious commercial land, the stereo mechanical garages with the advantage of the average parking slot takes of less area have been gradually in front of us. Compared with the traditional underground parking garage, the stereo garages have more advantages. First of all, the stereo garages can save more area. The traditional ways must be amassed driving path for vehicles, averagely, a car will take up 40m2 If we take multi-layers garage (6 layers) in to consideration, it is possible for 13 cars to park in the area of 50m2, which will save lots of land resources and land construction expenditure. Meanwhile, the stereo garage could guarantee the safety of the people and their cars. If there is anybody in the garage or the cars are not fully stopped, the system controlled by electrical equipment will not run either. It means that, in the scale of the management, the mechanical garage could separate the people and vehicles, which makes it more systematically. Especially for underground garages, install this kind of garage will save a large area of illumination system, so it is also emerge conservation and environment protection. Ⅰ.THE CLASSIFICATION AND IMPLEMENT BACKDROP OF THE STEREO GARAGE A.THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STEREO GARAGE According to the present development of the stereo garage, the stereo garage is including lifting-traversing, roadway stacking, vertical lifting, vertical circulating, circle level circulation; The concept of the stereo garage is all from automatic logistic material transmitting system. [3]The purpose of the stereo garage is to solve the parking problem in developed cities, that is make use of limited area to park more vehicles so as to save land resources of the cities and manage the static transportation of the urban. This article gives out a way to design lifting-traversing stereo garage based on Omron PLC CP1H, which could extend to solve relevant projects. B. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO LIFTING-TRAVERSING STEREO GARAGE. The modularization concept is imported in lifting-traversing stereo garage. It can be designed into two to five layers or half underground type, the number of the slot is from tens to hundreds. This kind of garage is suitable for both above ground and underground, the characteristics could be generalized as less occupation of land, simple structure, flexible configuration, lower cost in construction, decoration and fire protection and short period of construction; Safe and convenient for saving and taking cars; Smoothly operation, lower noise during running. [4] It is also appropriate for commercial, bureau and residential use. The safety equipment mainly is photoelectrical sensors, limiting displacement protector and emergency switch. C. THE ENTIRE FRAME OF THE SYSTEM As the fig. l representing, besides the central controller PLC, the stereo garage system could be divided into three sections: I. Mechanical System; It includes column, beam, carrying board, vehicle frame, hooks and etc. II. Electrical System; this section is the core of this article, which controls the whole system to operate. III. Touching Panel; it is the port from which operators and the system exchanging messages, operators could not only operate the system, but also in the situation of the malfunction, it could let operator enter the manual or debugging mode. Figure 1. The structure of the system Figure 2. Touch Screen (Auto running and Manual) • THE MAIN HARDWARE OF THE SYSTEM We mainly use the Omron PLC CPH1, on considering the control requirement and the cost, we adopting CP1HX40DR-A PLC, the programming ways are ladder diagram or ST instruction list. The instruction length is 1 to 7 steps per instruction, each I/O relays has 1600 ports, USB 1.1 for communication. The display part, we import screen of WEINVIEW MT6056i series, the screen material is TFT, 5.6 inches, and the resolution is 320x234, with USB2.0 port supporting downloading. The frequency of the CPU is 400 MHz, 128RAM. D.THE SYSTEM STR UCTURE AND FUNCTIONS The mechanical parts cooperating with electrical system are carrying board, hooks and chains. There are 6 slots on each layer besides 7 slots on the top layer, totally 37 slots, the purpose for one slot empty on each layer is that making enough space for carrying board to move. The carrying boards of the first floor only design to traverse, also the top floor carrying boards are only supposed to lift. The other carrying boards among these floors are designed to life and traverse. In this way, this system could achieve the saving and taking from any slots among these 6 layers. In addition, this system has a touch screen system, which switches between auto run and manual debugging mode. Under the auto run mode, it could select a certain slot to accomplish saving and taking behavior, at the same time, monitoring the operation of the system. (Green words "System Running" in auto mode without malfunction). When failure occurs, the system seized and on screen flashing yellow failure code with red backdrop, with the help of the failure code, the professional operator could recognize and eliminate the failures promptly and accurately. On considering more authorities are given in manual debugging mode, to preclude unprofessional persons enter the mode by chance, before enter the mode, there is a cipher verification, in which the sequence could be set by ourselves. This would protect the system from potential dangers. Figure 2 is the graph of system auto running, manual and debugging. Ⅱ. THE COMPOSURE OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM A. STRONG ELECTRICITY SYSTEM The strong power system includes power supply, protection and driving mechanism, here is electronic motors. Installing XJ3-D on the forepart of the power supply wire, which is used to protect phase sequence of the three-phase voltage, so that guarantee the right rotation of the motors. Moreover, the motors on some layers use the same three-phase voltage. B.THE SET OF THE MOTORS There are 6 traversing motors on the first layer, 6 traversing motors for 2 to 5 layers each, and so it is with lifting motors for 2 to 5 layers. The top layers have only 7 lifting motors. After setting the motors, mark every motor. For example, the motor driving the third slot of the second layer, we mark it with "23", the relay before the motor are named KM23. Here series connect all the motors' thermal protection, any motor's problem will stop the system. In this way, it has no influence on the stability of the system, but lowers the cost. At the same time, make it easier to find the problems. (What we need to do is press the thermal protection switch one by one). C .WEAK POWER SYSTEM The weak power system is also the control system, which are mainly the PLC mode and its 5 extended modules, also the sensors. As the figure below, on the right is the input part, DC 24V, on the left, is the output section, AC 220V, to connect with contactors and drive them. These device's functions have close relationships with the entire system's control requirements. On the above of the graph, the protection equipment are emergency switch, installed beside the touching panel, emergency only, trigger it, the system stops; Front and back photoelectrical sensors, which are used to detect people or unidentified objects breaking into the system, if this happens, the system would stop then response with photoelectrical failure, the goal is to protect the people and the vehicles. The phase sequence protection has been illustrated before; Over current protection normally activated under the motor stuck; All the margin switches series connected, cult the main power when any carrying board exceed the limiting position. Limit switches including up ones and down ones or left and right limit switches. In order to achieve the controlling requirements, the level limit switches are installed on the both side of the each slot frame, while the vertical limit switches are installed on the chain which attached to the motor. It is necessary to point out that the first layer only installed down and left right limit switches, the top layer only installed up switches these switches could sense the position of the carrying boards, helping to finish the lifting and traversing control; Hook position sensors is to fix the vehicles and sense the slot empty or not. The output points"00 04 05 06 07" are to select different phase for each layer, so control the motors' rotation ways. Figure 3. PLC Modules (Segment) There are other 4 extended modules, which only give more I/O ports to the system, similar to this main part. Ⅲ. OPERATION PROCEDURE A. TAKING PROCEDURE As far as the first layer concerned, it is only designed to traverse, so as to make space to upper layer's carrying boards to move downward. So do the other layers, which are designed to traverse. When traversing meet the requirements, lifting mechanism will run to put the carrying board down, finishing the saving and taking procedure. During the procedure the photoelectrical sensors are open and will behave as fore part has explained. In figure 2A, is the taking condition, at this time "Loading" will flash until the taking procedure finishes. When we enter "51", the system will distinguish whether the operation is a taking or a saving according to the hook of the 51 slot. Then prints the message responded to the state of the hook on the screen, the operator could confirm the operation or cancel it. On confirming, the 51 carrying board will wait for its downward boards to finish the traversing move then moving down. In addition, a timer is added to this control module in order to preclude level limit switches malfunction, resulting into the traversing move time up. If the time for traversing move exceeds the set time, the system will warn the operator "traversing move time up" which displays on the screen, the operator could check out the failure. The up limit switches are used to sense whether the carrying boards are stopped at their routine slots, which the level switches can't finish. Maybe one carrying board stuck between two layers. Only do all the upper layers' carrying boards stop at their routine slots, the selected carrying board's lifting move is activated. A timer is also set into the lifting control, with the same function as traversing timer. The elevator carries the vehicle down to the ground, release the hook, now the photoelectrical signal shut down, and waiting for the owners to take their vehicle. On driving away the vehicle and operator's confirming the photoelectrical signal resumes, the carrying board back to its slot from the down way. Figure 4. The flowchart of the taking and saving procedure B. SAVING PROCEDURE The saving process is based on taking procedure, so they are familiar; the only difference is the hook move. Ⅳ. SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING AND PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT A.SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS LANGUAGE In this system, we choose Omron CX-ONE 3.0 to program the PLC. The language for programming is classic ladder diagram. On considering the stereo garages are installed in different condition and requirement of different users, the scale of the stereo garages should be flexible, for example different layers or slots. In order to meet the different scales requirements, the program is modularized, only need to change the I/O ports, the logical relations in the ladder diagram are fixed. In this way, it is not only with highly compatibility but also shortens the period to develop relevant designs and make it easier to debugging and repair. B.MODULARIZED PROGRAM Conditional jumps are widely used in the programming; the entire program consists of different modules, on certain conditions, the program jumps. As illustrated before, there are only two movements for a carrying board, lifting or traversing, beside the boards of first and top layers. The condition for the fifth could traverse is all the upper layers slots' up limiting switches closed. Then "Traverse OK" is activated, and then the program will make analysis of the operation until meet set conditions, the program jumps. For the lifting movements are always with the downward movements, so program the downward standards, the system will run. The entire program is programmed with this method, above the passage, is only a traversing OK and vertical move OK module. Similarly, modules of a fixed slot, for example slot "21". "21 Traversing Move", "21 Vertical Move"; for whole system, "Emergency Stop and Protection", "Button Select", "System Monitor" and "Debugging" modules, which cooperate with each other to accomplish the control and monitor. Figure 5. Monitoring and Display module (Segment) Fig. 5 is the segment program of the monitoring module, all the motors' protection series connected, so are the phase sequence protection and margin switches. Any of them change; PLC will transfer messages to the screen, which displays. Meanwhile, cults off the main KM, the system stops. Ⅵ.A BRIEF SUMMARY This paper introduces lift shifting type six floors of three-dimensional garage design method based on Omron CP1HX40DR-A controller, completing the requirements of three-dimensional garage for city vehicle management toward the direction of automation and centralization. This design can be used to restore occupied pavement, reduce preempting, and ensure safety, in addition that it could reduce traffic congestion time, reducing the injury. On this basis, the problem has been thoroughly eliminated, including various vehicles disorderly stopping and parting in disorder, and the appearance of parking places with dirty, disorderly and poor, thus protecting vehicles away from lost, being damaged and stolen. Finally, the road is giving back to the vehicles and pedestrians, the lawn to the green space, the environment of the neat civilization life to the modern metropolis. The development cycle has been greatly shortened, based on the design about three-dimensional garage design of PLC controller. This is also a kind of inevitable of the electrification, digital and automation advancement. The thoughts and methods of this design can be applied to other scale garage and relevant problems of design. REFERENCES [1] [1] Huo Gang. Application and programmer of the CP1HPLC. China Machine Press [M], 2009.1 [2] [2] Omron Power program. Omron Corporation (China), 2008 [3] [3] BoSen Ren.General situation of Chinese mechanical parking equipment. Celebrated manufacturers of parking equipment and peripherals directory [J] :PP5-7 [4] [4] Lekang Yu Dongxiao Zuo.The development of mechanical parking. [J] Technology and management of construction machinery. 1999 1:PP 30-32 [5] [5] Fuen Zhang „ Younai Wu.Principle „ design „ set up and maintenance of AC variable speed elevator. [M] China Machine Press 1999 中文译文 基于欧姆龙可编程序控制器的6层立体车库设计 Zhuoran Zhang 电气工程 武汉理工大学 武汉，中国 电子邮件：Harry zzr@126.com Zhe Mao, Hailing Wan 电气工程 武汉理工大学 武汉，中国 电子邮件：maozhe998@sina.com 摘要： 随着现代社会的快速发展，许多城市的车辆数量正在一直以指数的速度快速增加，特别是私家车。这些情况对这些城市交通和停车造成了巨大的压力。这篇文章主要内容是关注立体车库的整个结构，运行程序和电气系统的设计等方面，其中包括硬件方案的设计思路，以及提升立体车库整体性能。这不仅将能缩短立体车库的开发周期，也促进停车场向集中化和自动化方向发展,对立体车库设计有一定的参考价值。 关键词：立体车库，欧姆龙PLC，设计 停车位不足是导致城市经济和交通的发展放缓的主要原因之一，而传统车库的一直使用是导致停车位不足的重要因素。在一个社区中停车位和居民家庭比例约为1:1，也就是一个家庭中至少有一个停车位，而为了解决这一矛盾而使用宝贵的商业用地是不可取的。在停车场中立体机械车库的主要优势就是相同车位的停车场需要的占地面积较少，这一优势已经逐步在我们面前展现出来。相比与传统的地下停车场车库，立体车库有更多的优势。首先，立体车库可以节省更多的占地面积。以传统的方法停车的停车场必须考虑车辆的行驶轨迹问题，而平均一辆车需要至少40平方米进行停车操作。如果我们考虑使用地是多层的立体车库（6层），有可能停放在该区域的车辆可达13辆，而占地面积仅为50平方米，这将节省大量宝贵的土地资源和土地建设成本。同时，立体车库能保证他人和汽车的安全。如果在车库有任何人活动或汽车没有完全停止，电气设备的控制系统将无法正常运行。这意味着，在规模的机械车库管理时可实现人车分离，这使得立体车库更自动化，特别是对于地下车库。安装这种车库的地下停车场将省去大面积的照明系统，因此它的出现可以节约大量的能源并可以保护周边的环境免遭破坏。 Ⅰ.立体车库的背景分类与实现 A.立体车库的分类 根据现在立体车库的发展，可将它分为巷道堆垛式立体车库，垂直升降式立体车库，垂直循环式式立体车库，圆形水平循环式立体车库等。立体车库的概念是从自动化的物料传送系统演变而来。[3]立体车库的使用目的是为了解决停车难的问题，尤其在发达的城市中，这是为了使有限的区域内停放更多的车辆，以节省发达城市的土地资源的静态交通管理系统。本文提出了一个简单的方式来设计基于欧姆龙可编程序控制器CP1H的立体升降车库，这可以扩展到解决相关项目的立体车库设计难题。 B.简要介绍了升降横移立体车库 模块化设计在进口的升降横动立体车库设计中是很重要的。它可以设计为两到五层或半地下型车库，车位的数目可以从几十到几百个。这种车库合适于地上和地下建造车库的特点，它的优点可概括为占用土地少，操作简单，结构配置灵活，建设成本更