填料箱压盖的加工工艺规程及夹具设计[填料箱盖]

喜欢就充值下载吧。。资源目录里展示的文件全都有，，请放心下载，，有疑问咨询QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== 喜欢就充值下载吧。。资源目录里展示的文件全都有，，请放心下载，，有疑问咨询QQ:414951605或者1304139763 ======================== The packing box divulges reason analysis and countermeasure Abstract: The packing box divulges which through the analysis Petrochemistry enterprise each kind of adjustment valve in, as well as the adjustment valve divulges the harm which brings to the environment and the production, proposed some solution countermeasures. Guan Jianci: Adjusts the valve; The packing box divulges; Seal; Countermeasure 1.foreword adjustment: valve is the petroleum chemical industry refines oil in the installment the essential part, its use adjustment valve type many, quantity big, in the chemical production medium many is corrosiveness strong, virulent or is flammable explosive, when adjusts the valve divulges, not only can create the serious raw material, the energy and the product waste, moreover also has the serious influence to the environment, even causes the serious security accident. Therefore, we have the necessity also to have to take in the petroleum chemical industry production process to adjust the valve to divulge the question. Under causes the reason on the petroleum chemical industry installment in which the adjustment valve packing box divulges as well as prevented divulges the countermeasure, the method with the elimination makes the key discussion. 2.Adjustments valves packing box divulges the reason analysis adjustment valve divulges divides into two kinds, namely outside divulges with the interior divulges. In the majority situation, outside divulges the consequence which creates, often divulges compared to the interior seriously. In the industrial production, adjusts the valve outside to leak not only creates the raw material and the energy waste, but also can directly pollute the environment, even causes the fire, the detonation, is poisoned and so on the harm safety significant accident, the national economy creates the heavy loss for. Outside but the packing box divulges also belongs leaks. The packing box divulges reason: The packing box by the stuffing box, the padding, the padding pad as well as the padding contracts the organization and so on to be composed. The stuffing box sets on the valve body or the valve cover, plays holds the padding the role. The padding pad sets to the stuffing box base, plays the strut padding role. The padding divides the soft nature sealing compound and takes shape the padding two kinds. Takes shape the padding take the elastic material quality as the raw material, uses the mould pressing to take shape or the turning processing makes each kind of joiner curtain under, compares, takes shape the padding structure compact, sealing property good, the serviceability is stronger. The medium divulges in the sealing compound place, the reason becomes less crowded, the sealing compound for the padding gland is not strict, the padding variety or the quality does not conform to the requirement, the padding gets older or by the valve lever attrition. 3.adjusts the loss which the valve divulges creates Divulging causes which by the above situation, creates the economic loss and further because the medium characteristic different has differently to the environment pollution degree. If is the gas medium, then very easily proliferates the dissemination in the air, its pollution radius can be bigger. The liquid medium can through have the pollution to the ground seepage, also possibly or the exile expels flood water the ditch through the open ditch, pollutes the rivers and streams lake and other environment. Former Soviet Union's nuclear power station because adjusts the valve the question to breed the unprecedented disaster, not only has caused the significant personnel casualty, creates direct and the indirect economic loss and the environment destroy also with difficulty estimates. The statistical data indicated that, in the production unit approximately 20% adjustment valve existence divulges the question, creates the direct economic loss approximately composes the total losses 5%0 in the petrified profession, take a set of 5000kt/a scale often the decompressor as the example, in the ordinary circumstances has 5,000 about the adjustment valve, divulges the economic loss by 20% adjustment valve which creates and the pollution which creates to the environment indeed may not belittle, if looked from the entire petrified profession, the situation was more serious. 4.Packing boxes divulge the countermeasure because the adjustment valve packing box seals divulging, as well as valve body connection spot seal divulging, is creates adjusts the key which outside the valve leaks to be at, therefore needs specially to take. The traditional soft nature padding seal, is depends on the padding gland the thrust, causes it between the valve lever and the padding as well as the padding and the stuffing box sidewall, has the certain radial direction contact stress to achieve the seal. Therefore, the gland axial force must be quite big, this creates between the padding and the valve lever rubs the torque to increase, the attrition increases, the soft nature sealing compound wears quickly, thus must frequently screw tight the packing bolt or the replacement padding, can guarantee the better seal effect. Uses the appropriate padding seal and the padding seal combination, may enhance adjusts the reliability which the valve uses, lengthens the service life. If the flexible graphite link padding combination use, only uses the flexible graphite link padding the seal effect to be better than. At present in domestic uses the sole flexible graphite link padding the situation quite to be many; But in overseas, uses the flexible graphite link padding combination the application method to start popularly, and has obtained the good effect. 5.Concluding remark In summary, adjusts the valve in the petrification industrial production divulging is the not allow to neglect question, it to the production efficiency, the security as well as can bring the significant influence to the environment. The elimination adjustment valve divulges the key lies in the optimized adjustment valve structure the design, adjusts the valve according to the different craft condition reasonable choice the material, enhances adjusts the valve in production process quality control level, as well as adjusts the valve according to the craft operating system optimization the shaping. Along with the science and technology progress, specially the new material appearance, some new structures adjustment valves put into the use, their performance good, the life is long, may satisfy production the need to develop. Reference: 1 Wang Xunju Valve use maintenance handbook [S] Beijing: Chinese petrochemistry publishing house, 1999 2 German ginger The petroleum chemical industry installment process tube installs design handbook second [S] Beijing: Chinese petrochemistry publishing house, 1998 3 Lu Peiwen The valve selects the handbook [S] Beijing: Mechanical industry publishing house,2001 中文译文 填料函泄漏的原因分析及对策  摘要：通过分析石化企业各种调节阀门中填料函泄漏的原因，以及调节阀门泄漏对环境和生产所带来的危害，提出了一些解决对策。 关健词：调节阀门；填料函泄漏；密封；对策 1前言 调节阀门是石油化工炼油装置中不可缺少的部分，其使用的调节阀门种类多、数量大，化工生产中的介质多是腐蚀性强、有毒或易燃易爆的，当调节阀门泄漏时，不仅会造成严重的原材料、能量和产品的浪费，而且对环境也造成严重的影响，甚至引起严重的安全事故。因此，我们有必要也应当重视石油化工生产过程中调节阀门的泄漏问题。下面就石油化工装置中引起调节阀门填料函泄漏的原因以及防止和消除泄漏的对策、方法做重点探讨。 2 调节阀门填料函泄漏的原因分析 调节阀门泄漏分为两种，即外部泄漏和内部泄漏。在大多数情况下，外部泄漏所造成的后果，往往比内部泄漏更加严重。在工业生产中，调节阀门的外漏不但造成原材料及能源的浪费，还会直接污染环境，甚至引起火灾、爆炸、中毒等危害生命安全的重大事故，给国民经济造成严重损失。而填料函泄漏又属于外漏。 填料函泄漏的原因：填料函由填料箱、填料、填料垫以及填料压紧机构等组成。填料箱置于阀体或阀盖上，起容纳填料的作用。填料垫置于填料箱底部，起支撑填料的作用。填料分软质密封填料和成型填料两种。成型填料以弹性材质为原料，采用模压成型或车削加工制成各种环形密封圈，相比之下，成型填料结构紧凑，密封性能好，适用性更强。 介质在密封填料处泄漏，原因为填料压盖松动、密封填料不严密、填料品种或质量不符合要求、填料老化或被阀杆磨损。 3调节阀门泄漏造成的损失 由以上情况引起的泄漏，所造成的经济损失和对环境的污染程度又因介质的特性的不同而有所不同。如果是气体介质，则很容易在空气中扩散传播，其污染半径就会较大。液体介质则会通过对地面的渗透产生污染，也可能通过明沟或暗沟流人排洪渠，污染江河湖泊及其他环境。前苏联的切尔诺贝利核电站因为一个调节阀门的问题而酿成空前的灾难，不仅造成了重大的人员伤亡，所造成的直接和间接的经济损失及环境破坏也难以估量。统计数据表明，工业装置中约20%的调节阀门存在泄漏问题，所造成的直接经济损失约占总损失的5%0在石化行业中，以一套5000kt/a规模的常减压装置为例，一般情况下有5000个左右的调节阀门，由其中20%的调节阀门泄漏所造成的经济损失和对环境造成的污染的确不可小觑，如果从整个石化行业来看，情况就更严重了。 4填料函泄漏对策 由于调节阀门填料函密封的泄漏，以及阀体连接部位密封的泄漏，是造成调节阀门外漏的关键所在，所以需要特别重视。     传统的软质填料密封，是靠填料压盖的轴向压力，使之在阀杆与填料以及填料与填料箱侧壁之间，产生一定的径向接触应力而达到密封的。因此，压盖的轴向力必须相当大，这就造成填料与阀杆之间摩擦转矩增大、磨损增加、软质密封填料磨损快，因而须经常拧紧压盖螺栓或更换填料，才能保证较好的密封效果。 采用合适的填料密封及填料密封组合，可提高调节阀门使用的可靠性，延长使用寿命。如柔性石墨环填料的组合使用，比只用柔性石墨环填料的密封效果好。目前在国内采用单一柔性石墨环填料的情况比较多；而在国外，采用柔性石墨环填料组合的使用方法已开始流行，并且取得了良好的效果。 5结束语 综上所述，在石化工业生产中调节阀门的泄漏是不容忽视的问题，它对生产的经济性、安全性以及对环境都会带来重大的影响。消除调节阀门泄漏的关键在于优化调节阀门结构的设计，根据不同的工艺条件合理选择调节阀门的材料，提高调节阀门在生产过程中的质量控制水平，以及根据工艺操作系统优化调节阀门的选型。随着科学技术的进步，特别是新材料的出现，一些新结构的调节阀门已投入使用，它们性能好、寿命长，可满足生产发展的需要。 参考文献： 1王训拒.阀门使用维修手册[s].北京：中国石化出版社.1999 2张德姜.石油化工装置工艺管道安装设计手册第二篇[S].北京：中国石化出版社.1998. 3 陆培文.阀门选用手册[S].北京：机械工业出版社.2001. 7