高三英语复习 定语从句专项复习讲义

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定语从句专项复习 一. 定语从句的相关概念: 1. 定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰___________或____________，有时可修饰_________。被定语从句修饰的词叫_____________。核心要素: 先行词, 关系词 ⒉ 定语从句可分为_____________定语从句和_____________定语从句两种。 ⒊ 引导定语从句的关系词有两种： 关系代词：________________________________ 等 关系副词：___________________________ 等 区分如下句子中，哪些是定语从句，若为定语从句，则用横线划出先行词，并圈出相应的连接词： 1. If a book is in English, that means slow progress for you.　　 2. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other. 3. We will never forget the days that we spent together last year. 4. The prize will go to the writerwhose story shows the most imagination. 5. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which has taken more than three years. 6. The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 7. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 8. As is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. 二．定语从句的难点：定语从句/名词性从句 定语从句/状语从句 定语从句/强调句 1．The fact ______ the earth moves around the sun was once questioned by people. The fact_______ he mentioned in the meeting was indeed ignored by people. A that B which C when D where 定语从句的引导词在从句中是否充当成分？ __________ 名词性从句中呢？__________ 2．You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again. You should make it a rule to leave things in the place _________ you can find them again. A \ B which C in which D where 定语从句前面_______先行词，此时where=___________，地点状语从句则反之。 3．1）It was at seven o’clock ________he went to school this morning. It was seven o’clock _______he went to school this morning. 2）—Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday? —It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting. A. where B. which C. that D. when 强调句去“It was/is…that ”句子结构及句意完整。 三．定语从句的主要考点： 1．that /which/who 的选用 在下列情况中常用that： ①先行词是不定代词all, few, something, anything等 ②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 ③先行词被all, any, every, each, some, no等修饰 ④先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰 ⑤先行词即有人又有物时 ⑥在以who, which 引起的问句中，为避免重复。 在下列情况中常用which: ①非限制性定语从句中 ②在介词后面表物 在下列情况中常用 who: 先行词为anyone; those; he时 1) The first text _____ we are to learn is very difficult. 2）Those _________ come to school first should open the window. 3) I am interested in everything _______ I don’t know. 4) He changed his mind, ______made us very angry 5) We know nothing but the doctors and the hospitals _______ you are talking about. 6) The only thing _________ could be done is to pray. 7) He ______ laughs last laughs best. 8) Who is the person_______ was waving his hand to you when we took a walk in the avenue? 9) He took out a pistol with ______ he shot at the murderer. 2. which /as 的选用 as常用于such…as…; the same…as…;as…as…,另as引导的非限制性定语从句,可放于主句前、后、中，常表“正如”。常用句式为：as is said above; as is known to all; as is often the case; as is reported等。 which引导的非限制性定语从句，不能放于主句前，无“正如”之意。 The room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks,________ makes it very dirty. He was late again, ________ we had expected.　 Here is so big a stone __________no one can lift.　 He lost his temper again, _____ is often the case. I live in the same place_________ Tom does. 注意：用such…as…/ such…that…; the same…as…/the same…that填空 It is ________ an interesting book _______ we all like. It is such an interesting book __________we all like it. such…as…引导定语从句，从句_______；such…that…引导结果状语从句，从句_________ This is _________ _________ bag ___________ I lost yesterday. (相似物) This is _________ _________ bag ___________ I lost yesterday. (同一物) 3：where 的模糊用法 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。 如：1. I’ve come to the point _________ I can’t stand him. 2. The country is in the situation __________a war will break out at any time. 小结：当定语从句修饰___________________________________________等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种情形下” 。 4．介词+关系代词 介词/介词短语的选用主要根据三个原则: ①固定搭配 ②根据句意 ③从属关系 1. She is the very person ________ ______ pocket I found my lost watch. 2．The documents ________ ___________ they were searching have been recovered. 3．He referred me to some reference books __________ ________ I am not very familiar. 4． This is our classroom,______ _______ ________ _______ _______ there is a teacher’s desk. 5．This is the book________ ________ I got the story. 6. Do you see the house, the window _______ _________ are all broken. 注意：1) 第6句中 the window of which =______________________/_____________ 2) 动词性短语不可拆分时，介词就不能提前，如: The boy whom my sister is looking after is getting better. 5. 定语从句中的主谓一致问题 This is one of the books that_________ required for study at school. He is the only one of the teachers who ___________ (know) French in our school. 6．in which case 等引导的定语从句 在非限制性定语从句中，用抽象名词case, point, reason, situation, time 等总结主句的内容时，以“介词+which+抽象名词”构成从句，对所提的事进行补充说明。 1．The plane may be several hours late, _______ ______ ______ there’s no point in our waiting. 2. The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning,______ _______ ______I am usually fast asleep. 3. Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, _______ ______ ______ he could hardly recognize her at first sight. 4. We arrived at noon, ________ ________ _______ the demonstration was over. 5. It rained all night, _________ ______ ______ the ship broke in pieces. 四．典型高考英语陷阱题 1. —This is the book that I have read __________ dozens of times. 　　 —But I have never read __________. 　　 A. it, B. ，it C. it, it D. ，　　 2. —Is this room ___________ he lived in 5 years ago? 　　 —Is this the room __________ he lived in 5 years ago? 　　 A. that, that B. the one, the oneC. that, the one D. the one, that 3. The farmhouse we paid a visit _________ at the top of the hill. A. standingB. to standC. to standing D. to stands 4. He has two children, and both of _______ are abroad.　　 A. them B. which C. whom D. who　 5. He has two children, both of _______ being abroad.　　 A. them B. which C. whom D. who　　 6. I think this is the very work that we must finish ____ her. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 7. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ______ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 8. He likes living alone, and says that he wants to go and live in a place ______ nobody knows. A. where B. that C. when D. what 9. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A. that B. which C. where D. what 10. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, _________ like my aunt. A. look B. looking C. looked D. looks 11．The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 12._______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 14. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that 15. The way ______he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. A．/ B. in which C. that D. all of the above 16. He hid himself in a tree, _________ he could see the enemy in the distance. A. from which B. from where C. where D. in which 17．The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food. A. of which　　B. where　　C. to do　　D. that 18. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________the radio for me? A. who; repaired　　 B. that; repaired C. whom; repairing 　D. that; repair