2019-2020年高考英语总复习：词汇讲义 新人教版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英语总复习：词汇讲义 新人教版 I 押韵题型（押头韵、押尾韵）； 答案总在相似中，如果有三个一样，基本上就在其中了。 54. The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded. A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently continue v. 继续，连续； continually adv. 不断地，频繁地（时断时续地）； continuously adv. 连续不断地。 说不停的咳嗽时，continually是间歇的时断时续的咳嗽，continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。 consequently adv. 因此，所以；(heavy rain大雨, light rain小雨) constantly adv. 始终如一地，连续发生地；constant temperature 恒温 consistently adv. 一贯地，一致地； consistent adj. consistent policy 一贯的政策。 36. I hate people who _C_ the end of a film that you havent seen before. A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse rewrite v. 重写，改写； revise vt. 修改，修正； reveal vt. 揭示，揭露； reverse vt. 颠倒，使反转，使反向。(vers是词根，表示转动；re是前缀，表示向相反方向) 42. There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available performance n. 表演，演出，演奏； perform vt. possible adj. 可能的 动词后加able构成形容词通常表示“可…的” read -> readable accept -> acceptable consider vt. 考虑； considerable adj. (数量或尺寸)相当大(或多)的。 preferable adj. 更好的，更可取的； Poverty is preferable to poor health. 贫穷总比不健康好。 available* adj. 可获得的，可利用的，可支配的。(重点词) 33. In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _D_ for living expenses. A acceptable B applicable C advisable D available living expenses 生活费； acceptable adj. 可接受的； apply vt. 申请，应用； applicable adj. 可应用的，适当的，合适的； an applicable rule 切实可行的规则。 a solution that is applicable to the problem 适合于这个问题的解决方法。 advise vt. 建议； advice n. 建议； advisable adj. 明智的，可取的。 54. It is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. A consistent B continuous C considerate D continual achieve unity through peaceful means 通过和平手段取得统一； consistent policy 一贯政策 65. In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _A_ spring. A late B last C latter D later late adj. 晚的，晚于通常时间的； late spring 晚春、暮春； last adj. 最后的，最终的； later adj. 更晚的（late的比较级）、时间概念后一半的；只适用于表示某个世纪的后半期； The later twentieth century. 二十世纪的后一半。 latter adj. （两者中）后者的； former adj. （两者中）前者的； 59. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _B_ in the market. A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels battery n. 电池； bargain n. 特价商品； It’s really a bargain. 你真会买东西，不是说真便宜。 basket n. 篮子； barrel n. 桶； wonderful bargain 物美价廉的商品；bargain v. 讨价还价； 53. Remember that customers don’t _D_ about prices in that city. A debate B consult C dispute D bargain II 构词法题型(词的转化，合成，派生)； 构成符合形容词的名词和数量词一律用单数。(见下面2个例题) 31. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our attention. A three-hours B three-hour C three-hours’ D three-hour’s 用连字号构成的形容词中的名词一般不用复数形式。 A three-day journey =a three days’ journey A two-hour meeting=a two hours’ meeting l 都是“不管，尽管，任凭” despite和in spite of 后面都接名词性成分 如名词、动名词、名词性从句 用法基本一致 但他们后面接句子一般用despite/in spite of the fact that 的结构 that后是同位语从句 这样比较正式 English became the official language in spite of/despite the fact that the population is largely chinese. 267. Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday. A two-thousand-words B two-thousands-word C two-thousand-word D two-thousands-words 56. _B_ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others. A Dislike B Unlike C Alike D Liking like vt. 喜欢； dislike vt. 不喜欢，厌恶； unlike prep. 不象…； alike adj. & adv. 同样的(地)，相象的(地)；The twins are so alike. liking n. 爱好，嗜好 III 近义词含义比较； 44. There were some _A_ flowers on the table. A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal unreal adj. 不真实的(不是真实世界所拥有的，虚幻的)； false adj. 具有欺骗性的，假的，伪造的； false passport/evidence, false teeth unnatural adj. 不自然的，经常用来修饰人的行为举止，表示做作的，矫揉造作的。 artificial adj. 人造人为的 artificial leg 假肢artificial leather 人造皮 genuine leather 真皮 54. When people bee unemployed, it is _C_ which is often worse than lack of wages. A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability laziness n. 懒惰； poverty n. 贫穷； poor adj. 贫穷的； idleness n. 无事可做(中性，有时也有贬义含义)； inability n. 没有能力，没有办法。 IV 搭配关系问题； extent n. 程度； to... extent 到达…程度，在…程度之上； extent 只能和to搭配。 To a certain extent, I am responsible for the delay. 在一定程度上,我对拖延负有责任。 object vi. 反对； object + to + 动名词（动词的ing形式）。 People object to smoking. 越来越多的人反对吸烟。 objection n. 反对； objection + to + 动名词（动词的ing形式）。 There is no objection to your opening the window. / 你开窗没有什么不可以的。 V 形相近，意相远； -------------------------xx------------------------- 41. The bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. A after B with C by D from cause 事业； be named after 以…的名字命名； 42. There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available preferable adj. 更好的，更可取的； 358. _C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony. A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to 具有比较意味的形容词只要与介词to搭配即可表示其比较级。 super- 表示在…上方，超过… inferior adj. 低于…的，劣于…的； superior adj. 高于…的，优于…的； prior adj. 在…之前的 Revolutionary War 特指美国独立战争；second adj. 第二的（含有比较意味，也与to搭配） 30. Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death. A of B to C with D from be second to 仅次于 He is second to none. 首屈一指，无与伦比； 43. It wasnt such a good dinner _C_ she had promised us. A that B which C as D what such … that … 如此… 以至于… ； 59. American women were _D_ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. [the right to vote 选举权] A ignored B neglected C refused D denied sb + be + ___ + sth 空格处应为能加双宾语的动词； deny v. 否认，拒绝；deny sb sth 拒绝给予某人某物； refuse表示拒绝时强调主观的意愿，deny表示“拒绝”时相对客观，是客观条件的限制，使得拒绝。 一些特殊的动词： 第一点：forget 忘记； [反义] remember 记得； 这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为；这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。 注意：动名词与现在分词形式一样，但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。 forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事； forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事； remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事； remember doing sth. 记得做过某事； 62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble. A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him offer vt. 提出，提供； offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth. him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正确。 动名词的复合结构：凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词，就可以加动名词的复合结构。 动作发出者 + 动名词；当动作发出者名字给出时：名词所有格 + 动名词；当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现，且动作发出者在前文中提过时：形容词物主代词（宾格）+ 动名词。 形容词物主代词：his, her, my, your, their, our。代词宾格：him, her, me, you, us, them。 第二点：want 想要； want to do sth. 想做某事； want doing 客观需要或缺乏。 48. Your hair wants _B_. Youd better have it done tomorrow. A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut 注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被动含义。 18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_. A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned 第三点：mean 意味； mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ；mean doing 意味着，…的意思是… 25. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待台] A making B to make C to have made D having made -------------------------xx------------------------- 55. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_. A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected watch 看电视用，看比赛用； see 看电影用； 感官动词watch, see, hear； 感官动词 + 名词（代词）+ do be erected 强调的是动作的结果； being erected 强调的是动作的过程。 56. The engine _D_ smoke and steam. A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off give up 放弃； give in 屈服，让步； give off 释放，放出（烟和气体）； give away 泄露，走漏风声；婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程；赠送礼品。 57. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on. A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing keep sb. + 分词； inform v. 通知，告知； inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情 keep me informed 使我被告知。 61. I should like to rent a house, modern, fortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood. A all in all B above all C after all D over all all in all 总而言之；above all 首先，尤其是；after all 毕竟，终究；overall 全面的，总体的 in a word 总之，in short 简而言之，in conclusion 最后，总之，to sum up总之，总而言之。 62. _B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now now that 既然，由于（相当于since）； ever since 自从…以来。 与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式： now that 既然，由于； in that 因为； except that 除…之外。 except后面加名词或代词；except that后面加句子。 63. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders. A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to be attached to 连接，附属； This school is attached to Beida. 这所学校附属于北大。 responsible to 对…负有责任； resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的； water resistant 防水的。 be contrary to 与..相反（相违背）。 64. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week. A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going regret doing 后悔做过某事； regret to do sth. 遗憾的做某事（应用语境非常有限）。 63. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_. A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice out of work 失业； out of reach 够不着 within reach 够得着； out of practice 缺乏练习。 65. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward in spite of 尽管； carry on 坚持，继续。 66. Mrs. Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week. A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left be supposed to do sth. 应该（理应）做某事。 37. He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room. A known B considered C regarded D supposed regard as 把…认作 55. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%. A by B for C to D in 69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may bee _C_. A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed spoil vt. 宠坏，溺爱 70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son. A take B hand C think D get take over 接管接收； hand over 移交，交出； think over 仔细考虑； get over 克服，战胜。 45. We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. A benefits B affects C guides D effects affect vt. 影响； effect n. 影响。 46. Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands? A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of in relation to 与…相比； in contrast to 与…形成对照； in excess of 超过，超出（一定的限定范围）； in favor of 赞同，支持。 47. Children are very curious _D_. A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature at heart 在心理，在内心； heart 强调的是内心的感情，mind 强调的是思维，头脑，soul 灵魂 in person 亲自，本人； on purpose 有意的，故意的； by nature 生性（天性）使然。 48. The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court. A objected to having B were objected to have C objected to have D were objected to having 49. The teacher doesn’t permit _C_ in class. A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke permit v. 允许，准许； permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事； permit doing 允许做某事。 22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need. A all the information B all the informations C all of information D all of the informations 27. I have no objection _B_ your story again. [object to + 动名词] A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard 28. The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position. A curiosity B status C determination D significance curiosity 好奇心； determination 决心，决定 status n. 身份，地位； significance n. 意义，重要性； 29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind. A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate accurate adj. 精确的； urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的； excessive adj. 过多的，过度的； adequate adj. 充足的，足够的。 33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women. A whose B which C that D what whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers. 35. I didnt know the word. I had to _C_ a dictionary. A look out B make out C refer to D go over look up 查阅； look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查单词； make out 辨认出，搞明白 refer to 提及，涉及 reference n. 参考书目； reference room 资料室； 38. I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news. [or else 否则，要不然] A or else B and then C or so D even so 39. It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students. A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable partial adj. 偏袒的，偏爱的（经常与to或towards搭配） 44. Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were weled by the secretary. A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined assembled 聚集； accumulate 堆积，集聚 pile堆起，堆叠 secretary 书记。 50. The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. [无论是在空格前还是后，如果出现了名词extent要找介词就着to] A within B to C by D at to a large extent 在很大程度上。 Constitution宪法 50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema. A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配，不会单独出现； rather than + 动词原形； 平行结构，遇到平行结构时应做的两步： 1 找出连接词，2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。 51. I appreciate _D_ to your home. A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited appreciate + 动名词（不能加动词原形，不能加句子）。 41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret. A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep your keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。 52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination. A regard B counting C account D observation take sth. into account 考虑。 54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time. A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in 56. Many people plain of the rapid _C_ of modern life. A rate B speed C pace D growth pace 节奏； rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。 58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience. A having known B being known C knowing D known know 没有现在分词；know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配：of, about。 known for 以…而著名。 60. I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one. A a large enough coat B an enough large coat C a large coat enough D a coat enough large enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。 62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest. A when B then C than D until no sooner … than 一…就… 64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too … to，太…而不能…] A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to 66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brothers wedding ceremony four years ago. A in B at C during D over ceremony n. 典礼，仪式。要表达在某典礼（仪式）上用介词at。 at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。 68. _D_ the advances of science, the disforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管； as for 关于，至于] A As for B Besides C Except D Despite 41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination. A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train. A and B but C or D an order and 在这里表示一种结果，翻译成“那么（和）”。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译： 1. 省略句 ＋ and + 句子； 2. 祈使句 ＋ and + 句子。 46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities. A take on B get on C put up D look up take on 承担； take on responsibility 承担责任。 48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans. A inform B informs C informed D has informed desire v. 要求，表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气， (should) + 动词原形。 其他同样用法的词还有ask, demand, request, require. 50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened. A before B until C since D when It + 系动词 + 一段时间 + before引导的句子 在…之前花费多少时间。 54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A since B when C after D before 51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神] A in B at C for D on 52. Theres little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war. A retain B endure C maintain D survive retain vt. 保持，保留； endure v. 忍受； maintain vt. 维持，保持，坚持认为； survive vi. 生存； vt. 活过 … （宾语为某种灾难）。 survive a flood 活过一场洪水。 前缀sur表示过 … ，外，超； vive 表示生活，强调活着。 54. They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning. A which is B which was C they have D it is less … than句子前后要平衡结构。 55. In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes. A attend B attended C to attend D attending far more than 远远多于，远不止于；也要句子前后平衡结构。 56. The French pianist [n. 钢琴师] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment. A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down turn up 后面不加宾语表示出现，后面加宾语表示将声音调高，调大； turn in + 宾语 上缴，交出； turn down 将声音调低，调小；拒绝； refuse sb. 指直接的回绝； turn sb. down 则指委婉的拒绝； turn out + 动词不定式 最终证明是，结果是。 57. Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel. A risen B arisen C raised D arrived 因本句未加宾语，估不应选不及物动词，可排除C项； arrive vi. 到达，抵达； rise vi. 升起，升高（侧重指旗帜或太阳升起）；数量的增高（侧重指水位、价位）； the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太阳东升西落。 arise vi. 升起，升高，出现，发生（经常与抽象名词联用）。 33. Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent. A raised B aroused C arose D rose 58. He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him. A genuine B minimum C modest D generous name after 以…的名字来命名。genuine adj. 真正的，货真价实的； genuine leather 真皮； minimum adj. 最低的，最小的； modest adj. 谦虚谨慎的，适度的； generous adj. 慷慨的，慷慨大方的（修饰贡献等用这个）。 60. In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_. A gaps B intervals C length D distance interval n. 间隔（即可指空间间隔，也可指时间间隔），四级考试中专考时间间隔的概念。 interval是固定与介词at搭配的。 61. Mr. Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do. A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given 65. She is _C_ a musician than her brother. A much of B much as C more of D more as be of 具有某种性质、品质或特点； 66. Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge. A service B sentence C crime D crisis sentence n. 判决，判刑； crisis n. 危机； economic crisis 经济危机； 42. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year. A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement tourist attraction 旅游胜地； attention n. 注意力； appointment n. 委任的职位，约会； date n. 日期，约会，枣；表示约会时指的是异性之间的私人约会。 arrangement n. 布置，安排 blind date 两人第一次见面的约会。 appointment 指公事性质的，比较正式的约会。 43. I dont mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late. A you to delay making B your delaying making C your delaying to make D you delay to make mind 后要加动名词； delay v. 耽搁，延误（后面也要加动名词） 47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ fortably. A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn 当wear表穿戴时，而句子的主语是被穿戴的东西时，wear是不及物动词，没有被动语态。 65. The ing of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life. A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted 字根trans在四级中着重考的含义是“从一个地方到另一个地方”。 transform 改革，变革，改变； transport 运输； transfer 转移，移动； transmit 传送，播送；疾病的传染，传播； transplant 移植。 48. Some diseases are _D_ by certain water animals. A transplanted B transformed C transported D transmitted 50. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _B_ will happen to her private life. [wonder后面要加疑问词] A that B what C it D this 52. Mikes uncle insists _D_ in this hotel. A staying not B not to stay C that he would not stay D that he not stay insist的两种用法：1 insist on … 坚持，坚决要求； 2 insist + that引导的从句（从句谓语动词为[should] + 动词原形） 57. He is _A_ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year. A optimistic B optional C outstanding D obvious optimistic adj. 乐观的； pessimistic adj. 悲观的； be optimistic about 对…持乐观态度。 optional adj. 随意的，任选的，非强制性的； optional courses 选修课； outstanding adj. 卓越的，杰出的； obvious adj. 明显的。 59. The director was critical _C_ the way we were doing the work. A at B in C of D with be critical of 对...爱挑剔的，批评。 61. _D_ she realized it was too late to go home. A No sooner it grew dark than B Hardly did