2019年高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 外研版选修8.doc

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2019年高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 外研版选修8 accustomed adj.习惯的；惯常的 [经典例句]He took his accustomed seat by the fire. 他坐在火炉旁他常坐的座位上。 (1) (2) ①He was sitting in his accustomed armchair. 他坐在惯常坐的扶手椅上。 ②Im not accustomed to getting up so early. 我不习惯于这样早起床。 ③He had to ____________ the cold weather. 他不得不使自己习惯于寒冷的天气。 ④It takes a while to get accustomed to new surroundings.习惯新环境要花上一段时间。 答案　③accustom himself to acknowledge v．承认；答谢；告知收到；确认；打招呼 [经典例句]But in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.(xx湖北阅读理解B) 但事实上，他们越看他们的生活，他们越承认他们的情况和基本素质有很大差异。 (1) (2)acknowledgement n．承认；感谢 ①Kobe is widely acknowledged to be one of the best basketball players in the world. 普遍认为科比是世界最佳篮球运动员之一。 ②They refused to acknowledge ______________________. 他们拒不承认失败(被打败)。 ③It is widely acknowledged that Song Zuying is one of the best singers in the world. 宋祖英被认为是世界上最好的歌唱家之一。 答案　②defeat/having been defeated/that they were defeated 【熟词生义】 选择句中acknowledge的含义 I couldnt write what other people had said without acknowledging them. A．感谢　　　　B．认可　　　　 C．承认 答案　A consult v．商讨；向……请教；查阅 [经典例句]If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 如要忠告向老人请教。 consult ①His parents consulted with the teacher about what to do to help him with his studies. 他父母和老师商量怎么来帮助他提高他的成绩。 ②When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult a dictionary.拿不准词义时，查查词典。 ③After ________ my friend, I finally made the decision.和朋友商量后，我最终做出了决定。 答案　③consulting with 【巧学助记】 【知识链接】 “查字典”的表达方式： consult/refer to a dictionary；look...up in a dictionary accuse v．指责；控告 [经典例句]Barack Obama can hardly be accused of ignoring his nextdoor neighbours.巴拉克奥巴马应该不会因忽视他的近邻而受到指责。 accuse sb of＝charge sb with指责/控告某人…… accuse sb for sth为某事指责某人 ①Man often accuses nature ________ his own misfortunes.人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。 ②He ________________ cheating in the examination.他被指控考试作弊。 答案　①for　②was accused of/charged with [集 训 中 心] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．May we offer our deepest s________ on the death of your wife. 2．You did it d________，just to annoy me. 3．Youll need p________ and understanding if youre going to be a teacher. 4．What he said was so a________that most of us could hardly understand. 5．He was generally ________(公认) to be the finest poet in the country. 6．I ________(商量)with my brother about buying a car. 7．Everybody sang high praise for her ________(热爱，投入) to the cause of education. 8．It is a great ________(宽慰) to have rain after a long time of drought. 答案　1.sympathies　2.deliberately　3.patience　4.abstract　5.acknowledged　6.consulted　7.devotion　8.relief Ⅱ.单项填空 1．—They are quiet, arent they? —Yes. They are accustomed ________ at meals. A．to talk B．to not talk C．to talking D．to not talking 答案　D　[句意：“他们挺安静的，不是吗？”“是的，他们习惯吃饭时不说话。” be accustomed to表示“习惯于……”，其中to是介词，接动词时须用动词的ing形式；结合句意可知D项切题。] 2．(xx绵阳二诊)—The engineer was accused ________ being a spy and driven out of our country. —Really？I cant believe it! A．for B．at C．about D．of 答案　D　[句意：——那位工程师被指控犯间谍罪，被驱逐出国。——真的吗？简直令人难以置信。accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪，因……指责某人，符合句意和搭配。] 3．(xx沈阳模拟)—Any advice for me? —Youd better ________ the timetable to see when the train leaves. A．consult B．remend C．remind D．request 答案　A　[根据to see when the train leaves 可知选A项。consult the timetable “查看时间表”。] 4．(xx石家庄高三教学质检二)His sacrifices for the country were never officially________，which made all of us feel discouraged. A．acknowledged B．appealed C．remended D．evaluated 答案　A　[考查动词辨析。句意“他为国家作出的牺牲没有得到正式认可，这使得我们都感到很失落。acknowledge“承认”；appeal“呼吁；吸引”；remend“推荐”；evaluate“评价”。] Ⅲ.单句改错 1．The teacher charged me of being late.________. 2．We have got accustomed to live in an airconditioned room.________. 答案　1.charged―→accused　2.live―→living [核 心 短 语] make it 成功；及时到达(to)；能参加 [经典例句]Work hard, and youll make it. 努力干，你会成功的。 make it through　　　熬过……，挺过…… make it＋time 就定为某时间吧 make it up to sb 给某人补偿 make it up with sb 和某人和解；和某人言归于好 ①We are too late; I dont think we can make it.我们太迟了，我想我们难以准时赶到了。 ②I dont know how Im going to make it through the day.我不知道我将如何熬过这一天。 ③The couple quarrel every morning and ________ every evening.这对夫妻每天早上吵架，晚上和好。 ④Ill make it up to you, I promise. 我会补偿你的，我保证。 答案　③make it up in spite of 尽管，不管 [经典例句]In spite of you and me and the whole silly world going to pieces around us, I love you. 哪怕是世界末日我都会爱着你。 in spite of(＝despite)＋n./pron./doing尽管，不管 in spite of the fact that...不管……这个事实 regardless of不管；不顾 ①Kelly loved her husband ____________ he drank too much.虽然她丈夫酗酒，但是凯莉仍然爱着他。 ②He says what he thinks，________ other peoples feelings.他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的感受。 ③Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。 名师点睛 (1)regardless of ...强调“不认为……重要，从而不加以重视或考虑”，而despite和in spite of有“尽管……但是”之意。 (2)regardless of后可接whether, what引导的从句，而in spite of和despite后不可接从句。 答案　①in spite of the fact that　②regardless of [集 训 中 心] Ⅰ.选词填空 1．________ all the difficulties, we finished our task ahead of schedule. 2．He never speaks to me ________to ask for something. 3．There has been ________accidents on this road recently. 4．The train wont leave for another ten minutes, so I think we can ________. 5．Mary ________ to wash dishes after the dinner. 6．The dress________ mine. Im sorry for having taken it by mistake. 答案　1.In spite of　2.other than　3.a series of 4．make it　5.set out　6.is similar to Ⅱ.单项填空 1．(xx全国卷Ⅱ)Sarah made ________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. A．herself B．this C．that D．it 答案　D　[考查代词用法。句意：萨拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。此处make it表示“及时到达，赶上”，是固定搭配。] 2．(xx安徽黄山七校联考)________what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a problem. A．Except for B．But for C．Because of D．In spite of 答案　D　[考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管最近在给人们提供更多的公共汽车方面做了大量的事情，缺少公共交通工具仍然是一个问题。except for “除……之外”；but for “要不是因为”，常用于虚拟语气；because of“由于；因为”；in spite of“尽管”。] [核 心 句 型] Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出这个设想，那就是今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。 (1) Incredible as it may seem这是由as引导的让步状语从句，相当于Although it may seem incredible，as意为“尽管”。当as引导让步状语从句时应用部分倒装，将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首；若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略不定冠词。 ①________，he likes to be treated like an adult. 尽管他是个孩子，他喜欢别人把他看作大人。 ②Try as he might, he could not find a job. 不管他怎样努力，他还是找不到工作。 ③Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买的，因为它太贵了。 (2)though引导让步状语从句时，从句的语序可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，也可用正常语序，但although引导的让步状语从句通常用正常语序。 ④Poor as he is, he is honest. ＝________________， he is honest. ＝Although he is poor，he is honest. 他尽管穷，但很诚实。 答案　①Child as he is　④Poor though he is / Though he is poor [集 训 中 心] Ⅰ.句型转换 1．Although he is a child, he has to make a living. →________ he is, he has to make a living. 2．Despite the heavy snow, he drove downtown. →________ the heavy snow, he drove downtown. 答案　1.Child as　2.In spite of Ⅱ.单项填空 (xx陕西卷)Hot________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A．although B．as C．while D．however 答案　B　[考查倒装句。句意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序。] [单 元 语 法] 复习名词性从句 1．(xx山西省高三第二次诊断考试)Choeyang grew up on the highland, which may explain her strong heart and breathing ability, but ________ really makes her stand out is perseverance. A．that B．what C．which D．why 答案　B　[考查名词性从句。句意：切阳什姐在高原长大，这一点可以解释她强壮的心脏呼吸能力，而真正让她与众不同的是她的毅力。but 后面的分句中主语是what really makes her stand out，谓语是系表结构is perseverance；主语从句中缺主语，that 不能在句中充当成分；which 在名词性从句中只表示疑问“哪一个”，而这个句子不表示疑问，是陈述概念，所以what＝the thing that，故选B。] 2．(xx遂宁一诊)The Chinese government has made it clear ________ it strives to achieve in space science in the next 5 years. A．what B．that C．how D．which 答案　A　[考查宾语从句。句意：中国政府已经明确指出未来五年里在太空科学方面会努力取得哪些成就。本句中it作形式宾语，真正宾语是what引导的从句，what在从句中作achieve的宾语。] 3．(xx河北省保定市八校高三联考)Weve just heard a warning on the radio ________ a typhoon may be on its way. A．what B．when C．which D．that 答案　D　[考查同位语从句。句意：我们刚在收音机里听到警告，台风可能即将来临。注意前面的warning警告，和后面的a typhoon may be on its way台风可能来临。这是warning的具体内容，用that引导一个同位语从句。] 4．(xx浙江省海宁高三检测)The advantage of using the Internet is ________ you can get support if you have a problem. A．whether B．what C．why D．that 答案　D　[考查名词性从句。句意：使用网络的优势是如果你有问题的话你可以获得支持。本空是引导表语从句，而且句中不缺少任何成分，故选D项that。] 5．(xx蚌埠一检)________ is known to us is that tobacco contains harmful products, so you should give up smoking. A．As B．It C．What D．Which 答案　C　[考查名词性从句。句意：我们都知道烟草中含有有害物质，所以你应该戒烟。分析句子成分可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故应用What。]