2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 5 Unit 14 Careers 北师大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习 单元知识汇总 Book 5 Unit 14 Careers 北师大版 重点识记词汇 1.reward n.&vt.奖赏 2.take charge of接管，控制 3.summary n.摘要，总结 4.consult vt.请教；查阅 5.casual adj.随意的，非正式的 6.quarrel vi.&n.争吵，吵架 7.make up编造→make out假称；听出，看出 8.get into detail(s)讨论，细谈 9.speak up大声地说，自由而大胆地说出 10.sit up坐直 11.charge vt.收费，要价；控告；n.负责；收费；控告；主管 12.basis n.基础，根据 13.appointment n.约见，约会→appoint v.任命；委任；安排 14.wisdom n.智慧 15.instant n.片刻，瞬息→instantly adv.立刻；马上 16.believe in信仰，信任 17.surrounding adj.附近的，周围的 18.turn over反转 19.overe vt.战胜，克服 20.pay off取得成功；取得好结果 21.grasp vt.理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧 22.inspect v.审查 23.keep up with跟上，赶上 24.decrease v.减少，降低 25.operate vi.运转，运作；vt.操作 26.flexible adj.灵活的，柔韧的 27.envy vt.羡慕，妒忌 28.bother vt.烦扰；打扰 29.in case以防万一；万一 30.due to由于 31mit v.投入→mitment n.承诺，保证 32.in addition此外 33.glory n.荣耀的事，值得骄傲的事→glorious adj.光荣的 34.existence n.生活；存在 35.constantly adv.不断地→constant adj.不断的，连续的 36.hesitate v.犹豫，踌躇→hesitation n.犹豫 37.judgement n.判断，判断力→judge v.判断；n.法官；裁判 38.respond vi.反应；回复，回答→response n.回复，回答 39fort n.舒适，安逸→fortable adj.舒适的 40.illegal adj.非法，违法的，不合法的→legal adj.合法的 必背经典句式 1.People will move around to do different jobs，rather than moving up in the pany as before. 人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会多方去寻找不同的工作。 2.The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room. 她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。 3.It’s not about making men more like women，but helping men to municate as well. 其目的不是使男性更像女性，而是帮助他们形成和女性一样良好的沟通技巧。 4.Our reporter interviews some of our classmates and asks about the jobs they would like to do. 我们的记者采访了一些同学，问他们想做什么工作。 5.I find it a real battle being on my feet all the time like that. 我发现像那样总是站着真的是一场战斗。 构词记忆 　musician /ˌmjuː′zIʃən/n.[C]音乐家；作曲家 physician /fI′zIʃən/n.[C]医生；内科医生 politician /ˌpɒlə′tIʃn/n.[C]政治家；政客 Ⅰ.词汇与派生 A．语境填词 1．The government offered ten thousand yuan as the reward(奖金) for his contribution in the field. 2．Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgement(评判)． 3．Tell me how to operate(操作) the electronic puter，will you? 4．This hotel charged(收费) me ￡5 for a room for one night. 5．I recognized my teacher instantly(一……就……) I saw her. 6．Have you consulted(咨询) a doctor about your headache? 7．He couldn’t conceal his envy(忌妒) of me. 8．Tell her to make a timetable so she can finish the plot summary(总结) on time. 9．The surrounding(周围的) villages are using it for agriculture. 10．Instead of doing everything for them，parents should encourage their children to overe(克服) difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves. B．用所给词的适当形式填空 11．Sue rang up to make an appointment (appoint) with the doctor. 12．A peaceloving China will not hesitate (hesitation) to take necessary action when its core interests are violated. 13．She is always bucking about her glorious (glory) past. 14．It is illegal (legal) to carry guns without permission. 15．I was unaware of his existence (exist) until now. 16．His report was constantly (constant) interrupted by applause. 17．Wealth empowered him to live a fortable (fort) life. Ⅱ.短语运用 A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空 pay off，turn over，give up，be bored with，be connected with，keep up with，take risks，apply for，stand out，look forward to 18．Turn over the stone and probably you will find an ant family there. 19．We will have more money to spend after we pay off our mortgage. 20．The students are bored with eating the same kind of box lunch every day. 21．The quality of the products is connected with the quality of their makers. 22．Never give up，for when one door is closed，a window is open for you. 23．I had to run to keep up with the girls. 24．Some fans are looking forward to seeing the famous star who is ing to perform in this city. 25．If you want to stand out among all the students，you’ll have to work much harder than before. 26．Many university graduates will apply for this position if you quit your job. 27．You have to take risks if you want to succeed in business. B．用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 in addition，without doubt，a variety of，in case，in demand，due to 28.To some extent，this is due to the nature of the world around it. 29．Good secretaries are always in demand in our pany. 30．Write the telephone number down in case you forget it. 31．Without doubt，she is the best nurse in the hospital. 32．Society is made up of a variety of people；some are good，others bad and still others in between. 33．I won’t go out now. It’s very cold outside.In addition，it is very late now. Ⅲ.经典句式 34．John，rather than his teammates，is to blame. 要受责备的是约翰，而不是他的队友们。 35．She began to cry the instant she read the letter. 她一读信就开始哭了。 36．I’ll behave toward them as I would like to be treated. 我会以希望别人对待我的方式来对待他们。 37．I found it easy to work out the problem.I could do it by myself. 我发现解决这个问题很容易。我自己能做出来。 38．Not father but mother was present at the ceremony. 不是父亲而是母亲出席了此仪式。 1 [应试指导]　in reward for作为高级词汇替换in return for in reward for为奖赏…… as a reward for作为对……的奖赏 reward sb.for sth.因某事而奖赏某人 reward sb.with sth.用某物回报某人 He was given a medal as a reward for his service. 作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。 [夯实基础] 语法填空 (1)His efforts，I’m sure，will be rewarded(reward) with remarkable success in time. (2)What can I do in reward for your help? (3)She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile. 2 charge n.要价，收费；指控，控告；指责，谴责；主管，掌管(the control over)；负责；v.收(费)，要价(ask an amount of money for...)；控告，起诉；指责(accuse sb.of)；充电 [应试指导]　熟词新义的考查 charge sb.with (doing)＝accuse sb.of (doing)指控某人犯……罪 charge sb.money for sth.因某物收某人钱 free of charge免费,in charge of掌管(表状态) take charge of掌管(表动作) in the charge of由……掌管，受约束于…… She charged me 24 for the book. 这本书她向我要价24美元。 A week later，I volunteered to take charge of English study in my class. 一个星期以后，我自愿负责班级里的英语学习。 [夯实基础] (1)Police have charged Mr.Bell with murder. Police have accused Mr.Bell of murder.(用accuse改写句子) (2)He is in charge of the class. ①The class is in the charge of him.(用the class作主语改写句子) ②He takes charge of the class.(用take charge of改写句子) (3)Mr.Bell，who is in charge of the class，has been charged with murder by police.(用定语从句连接(1)(2)原句) 3 with the aid of sb.＝with one’s aid在某人的帮助下 in aid of用以援助/帮助 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid进行急救 aid sb.to do/with sth.帮助某人做某事 e/go to one’s aid来/去帮助某人 He succeeded with the aid of a pletely new method he discovered. 借助于自己发现的一种全新的方法，他获得了成功。 The hunt for her killer will continue，with police aided by the army and air force. 警方将在陆军和空军的帮助下，继续追踪谋杀她的凶手。 [夯实基础] 语法填空 (1)With the aid of puters，he finished his novel ahead of time. (2)Nobody came to her aid when she was in trouble. (3)They aided the poor country with money. 4 [多词一义]　consult，refer to，turn to，look up consult a dictionary查字典 consult sb.请教某人 consult with sb.about/on sth.就……与某人商量 She consulted her doctor about her disease. 她向她的医师求诊。 I consulted with a friend of mine about this matter. 我就此事与我的一个朋友商量。 [图解助记] [特别提醒] consult用作“请教；咨询；查阅”解时，是及物动词；作“商量”解时，多用作不及物动词，后跟with sb.，意为“和某人商量”。 [词义辨析]　consult，refer to，look up 都可以用来表示“查阅、参考”的意义，但是其宾语有所不同： consult (refer to)＋a book/dictionary/encyclopedia，etc. look up sth.in a book/dictionary/encyclopedia，etc. [夯实基础] 用consult，refer to，look up的适当形式填空 (1)Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt. (2)Let me just refer to/consult my notes for the exact figures. (3)When I e across something unknown，I will look it up in a reference book. 5 [应试指导]　过去分词作状语的考查 surroundings n.环境 surround vt.围绕；环绕 surround...with...使……包围…… be surrounded with/by被……包围 The surrounding cities require their factories to use advanced equipment for reducing air pollution. 周围的城市要求工厂使用先进的设备来降低空气污染。 As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness. 幼年时我备受关爱。 [夯实基础] (1)用surround的适当形式填空 ①The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city. ②Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves. ③He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded. (2)The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe. Surrounded by Europe，the Swiss can feel secure.(用过去分词作原因状语改写句子) 6 [多词一义]　mit，do，act，carry on，perform，practice mit a crime犯罪 mit suicide自杀 mit to doing...答应做…… mit oneself to (doing) sth.答应做…… make a mitment to do...答应做…… mitted adj.尽责的 I have never mitted any crime. 我从来没犯过罪。 There are unconfirmed reports that he has tried to mit suicide. 有未经证实的报道说他曾企图自杀。 [夯实基础] 语法填空 (1)On balance，I think I would rather not mit myself to going (go) with you. (2)We made a mitment (mit) to keep working together. (3)Chang’e3’s soft landing proves that，with mitment and determination, all obstacles can be overe. (4)The government mitted itself to reducing taxes. (5)A robbery was mitted(mit) near here last night. 7 e into existence产生；成立；开始存在 in existence存在 exist vi.存在(be present)；生活，生存(live) exist in存在于……之中 exist on靠……为生 There exists/existed...某地有……；存在…… This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence. 这是现存最早的希伯来语手稿。 They can’t exist on the money he’s earning. 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 [夯实基础] (1)用exist的适当形式填空 ①There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography. ②Do you know when the Marriage Law came into existence? (2)选择方框内的短语填空 ①He could hardly exist on such a low wage. ②Some substances unknown are in existence naturally. ③These programs didn’t exist in the 1930s. 8 [应试指导]　写作中用do...without hesitation代替don’t hesitate to do... hesitate to do...迟疑做……；不愿做…… hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决 without hesitation毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事 She hesitated a long time and then said “Yes”. 她犹豫了很长时间，然后才说“行”。 I will not hesitate to make unpopular decisions. 我会毫不犹豫地作出并不受欢迎的决定。 [夯实基础] (1)语法填空 ①Seeing(see) the girl struggling in the lake，he threw himself in the icy water without hesitation, and saved her from drowning. ②He never hesitates to help(help) me whenever I’m in trouble. (2)I would decline the post without hesitation. I would have no hesitation in declining the post.(用have no hesitation in...改写句子) 9 in one’s judgement依某人看来 judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决(form an opinion about sth.or decide a result of sth.) judge sb./sth.(to be)...判断某人(事)…… judging from/by...根据……判断 Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible. 从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。 Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgement. 她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。 [夯实基础] In my judgement，all of them are to blame. (1)In my opinion，all of them are to blame.(用opinion改写句子) (2)As far as I am concerned，all of them are to blame.(用concern改写句子) 10 operate on/upon sb.给某人动手术 be in operation在运转；在行动中；在实施中 e/go into operation开始工作(生效) put/bring into operation实施；实行 operator (电话)接线员 The department store is well operated. 这家百货公司经营得很好。 Do you know how to operate the heating system? 你知道怎么操作这个加热系统吗？ [夯实基础] 用operate的适当形式填空 (1)This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2)In the good care of the nurses，the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation. (3)He dialed the operator and put in a call for Rome. 11 envy sb.(for) sth.妒忌或羡慕某人某事 feel envy at/of...对……感到妒忌或羡慕 out of envy出于妒忌,with envy忌妒地；羡慕地 bee/be the envy of...成为……忌妒或羡慕的目标/对象 I envy you having such a close family. 我羡慕你有这么一个亲密的家庭。 Her many talents were the envy of all her friends. 她多才多艺，所有的朋友都很羡慕她。 [夯实基础] 语法填空 (1)He looked with envy at his neighbour’s new car. (2)Her beauty is the envy of all her friends. (3)You have no idea how I envy your talent. (4)He couldn’t hide his envy at/of his brother’s success. 12 [应试指导]　交际用语中的用法 bother about sth.为某事烦恼 bother sb.with sth.为某事打扰某人 bother doing sth.花费精力做某事 bother to do sth.特意(地)做某事 bother oneself about为……操心/焦虑/困扰 Most of the papers didn’t even bother reporting it. 大多数报纸甚至懒得去报道这件事。 [夯实基础] (1)语法填空 ①Don’t bother about getting dinner for me. ②Don’t bother me with little things like that. ③I don’t want to put you to any bother. (2)如今很多人不再费心思举行婚礼。(翻译句子) Lots of people don’t bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days. 13 be in a panic处在恐慌中 get into a panic陷入恐慌 in panic惊慌失措地 panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事 I phoned the police in a panic，crying that I’d lost the baby. 我惊慌失措地给警察打电话，哭着说我的孩子丢了。 She refused to be panicked into a hasty marriage. 她不愿因恐慌而仓促结婚。 [夯实基础] 语法填空 (1)I’m in a panic about getting everything done in time. (2)Shoppers are panicked into buying things they don’t need. (3)The crowd ran out in panic. 1 be made up of由……组成(构成) make up for弥补；补偿 be made of/from由……制成 be made into把……制成…… be made out of由……制成 make it获得成功；约定时间 make out看清；分清；辨认清楚 Women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。 [特别提醒] make up和make up for都可作“弥补”解，但是make up的宾语是直接可以弥补的东西，如耽误了一节课可以把这节课补上，而make up for的宾语是不能直接弥补的东西，只是通过另一种形式弥补，比如丢失的时间。 [夯实基础] 写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思 (1)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成，构成 (2)I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造 (3)She spent too much time making herself up.化妆 (4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上 (5)They never made up the quarrel.和好 2 pay off得到好结果(bring a good result)；付清(finish paying the money)；(付清工资后)解雇；取得成功(be successful) [应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换succeed，be successful pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价 pay back偿还；向……报复 pay up总算付清全部欠款；还清 pay a visit to访问 It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan. 他得用余生来还清那笔贷款。 I had a hard time getting him to pay up. 我好不容易让他还清了全部欠款。 [夯实基础] 选择方框内的短语填空 (1)Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. (2)Can you lend me 10？I’ll pay you back on Friday. (3)—Dad，I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. —I see.I’ll go right away and pay him off. 3 keep it up保持优秀成绩；继续干下去 keep up保持 keep back忍住；隐瞒 keep down抵制；控制 keep off不接近，让开；不让……接近，挡开 keep sth.in mind把某事记在心里 keep an eye on留神注意；照看 John has to study hard to keep up with his classmates. 约翰得努力学习才能跟上他的同学们。 [夯实基础] 选择方框内的短语填空 (1)They lit a fire to keep off wild animals. (2)Neither of them is telling the whole truth.Obviously，they keep something back. (3)Even wellestablished panies can scarcely keep up with demand. (4)You can use farm chemicals to keep down the weeds. 4 [应试指导]　(1)in no case位于句首时倒装的考查　(2)case作先行词时定语从句的考查 in most cases在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下 in case of万一……，如果发生…… in any case无论如何，总之 in no case决不(置于句首，引起倒装) as is often the case这是常有的事 as the case may be视情况而定，看状况 as the case stands现阶段下，以目前的情况看 It may rain；you’d better take an umbrella in case. 可能会下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。 In no case should you give up.你决不应该放弃。 [思考题] 表达“决不”的短语还有：at no time，by no means，under no circumstances，on no account，in no way，on no condition，on no consideration等。 [特别提醒] (1)in case可单独使用，也可后接句子，跟句子时，从句中可用虚拟语气(should) do。 (2)当case作先行词且定语从句中不缺少主干成分时，要用where引导定语从句。 [夯实基础] (1)选择方框内的短语填空 ①As is often the case with him，he was late for class. ②Keep the windows closed in case it rains. ③In no case have I noticed that. (2)语法填空 ①I’ll be out for some time.In case anything important happens/(should) happen(happen)，call me up immediately. ②As is often the case，she is punctual. ③Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 1 The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。 the instant作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the first time，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/every/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。 He paid back the money he owed us the instant he returned home. 他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。 [特别提醒] for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。 [夯实基础] I fell in love with you the moment I saw you. (1)I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子) (2)I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以ly结尾的连词改写句子) 2 People will move around to do different jobs，rather than moving up in the pany as before.人们不会像以前那样在同一个公司寻求提升，他们会多方去寻找不同的工作。 rather than而不是；宁肯；宁愿；与其……不如…… would rather do A than do B＝would do A rather than do B　宁愿做A而不愿做B would rather＋从句，宁愿……(从句中用一般过去时表示与现在、将来事实相反的假设；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设) prefer to do A rather than do B　比起做B更喜欢做A other than除了……以外 or rather更确切地说 We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules，stopping at the red light rather than plaining about traffic jams. 我们应该严格并自愿地遵守交通规则，做到红灯停，而不是一味地抱怨交通堵塞。(江苏书面表达) [夯实基础] She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind. (1)She preferred going with us to staying behind.(用prefer doing...to doing...改写句子) (2)She would rather go with us than stay behind.(用would rather do...than do...改写句子) (3)She would go with us rather than stay behind.(用would do...rather than do...改写句子) 3 单元语法 ——将下列直接引语变为间接引语 (1)“I’ll be visiting China’s Export modities Fair next week，” Amy said. Amy said that she would be visiting China’s Export modities Fair the next week. (2)“Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the boy. The mother asked the boy whether he was sorry for what he had done. (3)Uncle Liu asked John，“How long have you been waiting for the splendid sunrise？” Uncle Liu asked John how long he had been waiting for the splendid sunrise. (4)The teacher said，“Don’t read in dim light，boys.” The teacher told the boys not to read in dim light. (5)Alice thought，“The troops must have arrived by now.” Alice thought the troops must have arrived by then. 高考题组 Ⅰ.短文改错(xx新课标全国Ⅰ) I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she passes away.She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have never known. 答案 I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she away.She is just a distant memory for me now. I remember my grandfather very .He was tall，with broad and a beard that turned from black gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set apart from others in our small town， he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have known. Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译 1.然后他们开始喊叫，后来大吵了起来。(quarrel)(xx江苏书面表达) Then they started shouting and yelling，and it turned into a horrible quarrel. 2.我被委派来负责安排你们那天的所有活动。(take charge of)(2011天津书面表达) I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day. 3.我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。(judge)(xx大纲全国Ⅰ书面表达) I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15. 模拟题组 Ⅰ.语法填空 1.What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working. 2.The parents were shocked by the news that their son needed an operation on his knee. 3.He may win the petition，in which case he is likely to get into the national team. 4.If what your friend es up with surprises you，don’t reject it immediately.Rather，imagine that it is true. 5.Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers(bother) us. 6.It is said that this old building has existed(exist) for more than three hundred years. 7.They have discussed for two years of drafting a new law to control the pollution but when it will be put into operation is still unknown. 8.The sharp fall of the stock market caused a panic. 9.There are some cases where this rule does not hold good. 10.Whenever you have difficulty with your homework，don’t hesitate to ask(ask) her for help. Ⅱ.单句改错 1.What do you think he will charge us of delivery？of→for 2.To sum，she agrees with us.To→In或sum后加上up 3.Don’t be worried.We can depend on him to e to us aid.us→our 4.They finally had a tal