2019-2020年八年级英语下册 Module 5 Problems知识详解 外研版.doc

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2019-2020年八年级英语下册 Module 5 Problems知识详解 外研版 【同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容： Module 5 Problems 二. 重点内容： If引导的条件状语从句 三. 具体内容： Module 5 Problems （一）语法详解 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，由 if引导的条件状语从句表示我们不知目前的实际情况如何，但却只要某种条件成立，则必然有预期的结果。 If从句用现在式动词，主句则要用现在式的助动词加动词原形动词。 If...+现在时动词……，主语++原形动词 本模块主要学习if条件句主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，简称“主将从现”如： If you ask him，he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 那么，除了if之外，是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢？回答是肯定的，不仅有，还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小，且用法较复杂一些，所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。unless, on condition（that），supposing，provided等词引导的条件状语从句，主从句条件关系分明，结构清晰，但有些句子，虽没有含条件关系的连词，却也隐含着条件关系，这些句子常用一些词，如：but for，without等引出一个介词结构来表示条件，条件常常是虚拟的，或与事实相反的假设。 （二）知识点详解 1. Writing a problem page for a magazine. 为杂志写一份问题专栏。 辨析：problem 与 question的区别 二者都有“问题”的意思，但用法略有不同。problem 通常指等待解决或决定的问题，尤其比较困难的问题。例如： It is a problem how to make both ends meet. 如何使收支平衡，那是个问题。 I can’t work out this maths problem. 我做不出这道数学难题。 question通常指因对某事疑惑不解，而提出问题。例如： This questionis too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难，不能回答。 2. Tonny is spending too much time in playing his guitar. 托尼花费太多的时间弹奏吉他。 ① spend+名词+on（for）+名词 He spent all his saving on a new car .他将全部积蓄花在一辆新车上。 ② spend+名词+（in）+doing+名词（口语中常省略in） I spent the summer vacation（in）reading and fishing . 看看书、钓钓鱼度过暑假。 ③ spend+名词“用尽、耗尽”（力气等） I spent all my energy on that job . 那份工作耗尽了我全部的精力。 ④ spending money＝pocket money 零用钱 知识拓展：掌握spend与take，cost，pay的区别 （1）Sb. spend some time／money on sth. ／in doing sth . 某人花费时间或金钱在某事或做某事（spend主语一定是人称代词，用于花时间或金钱） （2）It takes somebody some time／some money to do something . 做某事花费某人时间 （It是take的形式主语，真正主语为不定式，take用于花费时间或金钱） It took me three hours to finish my work . 完成作业花费了我三个小时。 =It took three hours for me to finish my work. It took him a lot of money to buy her a fur coat . 他给她买一件皮外套花了很多钱。 =It took a lot of money for him to buy her a fur coat . （3）cost vt. 花费、要价（不可用被动语态，物作主语） cost+名词 This jacket cost 200 dollars.这件夹克价值200美元。 cost+名词（人）+名词 It will cost you 500 dollars to repair the car . （4）pay vi .& vt . 支付、付款给（某人）（人称代词作主语） She paid the driver and got out of the taxi. 她付钱给司机后下了出租车。 I paid 200 dollars for this watch. 我花了200美元买这块手表。 3. Rather you than me. 宁愿是你而不是我。 rather … than 宁可，而不／与其说……不如说 I am rather bored than tired. 我与其说疲惫不如说厌倦。 would rather do … than do 宁可……不愿 I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁可待在家里，不想出去。 知识拓展：rather，fairly的区别 二者都有“相当”的意思，但用法有所不同。fairly用于表示愉快或满意的场合。 试比较： It is fairly warm today. 今天相当暖和。（暖和的程度令人满意） It is rather cold this morning. 今晨相当冷。（令人不满意） rather可以与too连用，而fairly不能接too。例如： The book is rather too easy. 这本书过于容易。 4. And if I play well，I’ll play the solo during the Star search concert. 并且如果我演奏得好，在搜索新星的音乐会上我将上演独奏。 solo n. 独奏、独唱 play a flute solo独奏长笛 solo adv. 用法：动词+solo dance solo独舞 sing solo独唱 perform solo单独表演 5. warn+名词（人）+（not）to do警告某人不要做某事 The doctor warned me not to drink. 医生告诫我不要喝酒。 =The doctor warned me against drinking. 知识拓展：advise忠告 urge力劝 remend 劝告、推荐 advise 忠告 admonish 告诫、训诫 caution 警告 warn 警告 6. You mean alone in front of everyone. 你的意思是独自一人在大家面前。 ① alone adv. & adj. 独自的、单独的 He lives alone in an department. 他独自住在公寓里。 Mr Green has been alone since his wife died. 自从格林先生的妻子死后，他就独自一人。 ② alone仅仅、只有（置于名词、代词之后） She alone was able to answer the question. 只有她能回答这个问题。 You can’t live on meat alone. Eat more vegetable. 你不能单靠吃肉生活，多吃点蔬菜吧。 知识拓展：掌握alone与lonely的区别 作为形容词用alone，lonely都有“孤独的”，“单独的”意思。但alone是表语形容词，只能作表语用。lonely除了有“孤独的”意思外，还有“寂寞的”意思。另外说明特点时还有“人迹稀少的”，“荒凉的”意思。例如： Though I am alone，I am not lonely. 虽然我孤独一人，但我并不感到寂寞。 He was taken to a lonely house. 他被带到一个荒无人烟的房子内。 He is alone man. 他是一个孤独的人。 He doesn’t feel lonely when he is left alone. 当他一人被留下时，他不感到孤独。 7. And then one of us plays a solo of some Irish dance music at the end of the Star search concert. 然后在搜索新星音乐会结尾部分，我们中的一人独奏爱尔兰舞音乐。 at the end of 在……末端 例如：at the end of the week 在周末 知识拓展：at the end of，to the end，in the end与by the end to the end的意思是“到最后”例如： He held out to the end. 他坚持到底。 in the end意思是“最后、结局”，表示经过许多变化或周折，最后发生了某事。例如： We made several different plans for our holiday，but in the end we had a summer camp again. 我们制定了好几种不同的度假方案，但最后我们还是选定了再来一次夏令营活动。 by the end+过去的时间／未来的时间 例如： By the end of last term “到上学期期末之前”+过去完成时 By the end of next month“到下个月底之前”+将来时 By the end of last term we had done five experiments. 到上学期期末之前，我们已经作了五个试验。 8. Our music teacher will choose the best player during our final practice. 在我们最后练习期，我们音乐教师会挑选最好的乐手。 practice指为达到熟练，反复地去做某事。例如：Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 知识拓展：drill，exercise，practice的辨析 它们作为名词，都有“练习”的意思。但含义有所不同。drill指课堂上或军队中系统的、严格的训练；exercise指为提高业务水平或技能的必要的练习。例如： Now，let’s do pattern drills. 现在让我们做句型练习。 The soldiers were at drill in the playground. 士兵们在操场上操练。 To improve our English，we do exercises every day. 为了提高英语水平，我们每天做练习。 条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，由 if引导的条件状语从句表示我们不知目前的实际情况如何，但却知只要某种条件成立，则必然有预期的结果。 If从句用现在式动词，主句则要用现在式的助动词加动词原形动词。 If...+现在时动词……，主语++ 原形动词 本模块主要学习if条件句主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，简称“主将从现”如： If you ask him，he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 那么，除了if之外，是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢?回答是肯定的，不仅有，还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小，且用法较复杂一些，所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。unless，on condition（that），supposing，provided等词引导的条件状语从句，主从句条件关系分明，结构清晰，但有些句子，虽没有含条件关系的连词，却也隐含着条件关系，这些句子常用一些词，如：but for，without等引出一个介词结构来表示条件，条件常常是虚拟的，或与事实相反的假设。 【模拟试题】 一. 单项选择 （ ）1. With the new bridge, life in this town will bee more ________. A. useful B. boring C. serious D. convenient （ ）2. A: Oh, no! I ________ my cell phone on the train. B: Let’s call the station and ask if anyone has found it. A. broke B. carried C. left D. used （ ）3. There are some dangerous fishes in the river, and I’ve warned Jack __________ here. A. not to swim B. to not swim C. swim not to D. to swim not（ ）4. Millions of Beijing citizens are learning to _________English for the xx Olympic Game. A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk （ ）5. The xx Special Olympic Games _________ in Shanghai. A. will hold B. will be held C. were held D. held （ ）6. Obey the traffic rules and learn to protect yourself, _________is more important than life. A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything （ ）7. —Would you mind watering the flowers for me? —_________. I have to go to the post office. A. Not at all B. Never mind C. No, please D. Sorry, I can’t. （ ）8. —Did you have any problems in London? —Yes, _________Chinese food like rice, noodles and dumplings. 　　　　　A. find B. found C. finding D. to find （ ）9. I bought CDs for my friend and they ________ me $ 30. A. spent B. paid C. cost D. used （ ）10. I want to know _________the day after tomorrow. A. what he will do B. what will he do C. what he did D. what did he do （ ）11.—Would you like to go to the concert with me? —I’d love to, ________I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and （ ）12. —May I go surfing alone this afternoon, dad? —No, you__________. It’s dangerous. A. may not B. can’t C. needn’t D. don’t （ ）13. —Which is more useful, biology or chemistry? — I think _________ them are useful. A. either of B. none of C. both of D. all of （ ）14. Jack likes to ________ others but never writes to them. A. hear B. hear of C. hear about D. hear from （ ）15. It’s a _________ to treat the animals like that. A. shame B. problem C. pity D. question （ ）16. Call the taxi, _________ you will miss the train. A. and B. though C. because D. or （ ）17. We’ll go for a picnic if it _________ tomorrow. A. isn’t going to rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. isn’t rain （ ）18. As soon as we got to the airport , we found that the plane_______ A. had already taken off B. already took off C. was already taking off D. was already taken off （ ）19. Mary realized she _______. A. was made fun of（取笑） B. was made fun C. was being made fun of D. was being made fun （ ）20. Andrew spends long hours studying every night. He is a（n）_______student. A. hard-working B. honest C. lucky D. polite 二. 完型填空 English names and Chinese names are quite different in some ___1___ ways, but it’s not hard for us to know. Unlike Chinese, most English people have ___2__ names. One is their family name, both of the other names are given names. Their family name is___3___the given name. They use Mr, Mrs or Miss with the ___4___ name, but they never use___5___first name. For example, we can___6___ a man named James Allan Green Mr Green, ___7___we can’t call him Mr James or Mr Allan. People usually use Jim ___8___ James. Jim is short for James because it’s ___9___to remember. But Chinese names are the opposite. A girl with the name Han Limei __10__ her family name Han first. Of course, she can be called Ah Mei for short in China if you wish. （ ）1. A. another B. other C. others D. the others （ ）2. A. one B. two C. three D. four （ ）3. A. above B. front C. back D. behind （ ）4. A. last B. given C. middle D. full （ ）5. A. their B. them C. its D. it （ ）6. A. ask B. say C. call D. write （ ）7. A. so B. or C. and D. but （ ）8. A. instead of B. for long C. so far D. next to （ ）9. A. important B. easy C. difficult D. interesting （ ）10. A. put B. putting C. puts D. was put • 三. 阅读理解 A Have you wondered what David Beckham will do when he stops playing? He already has a good plan for his life. The 31-year-old star opened his football school, David Beckham Academy （学校）in London. It’s the largest sporting facility（设施）of its kind in Europe and will provide football training for up to 15,000 children a year. It has two full-size football field, classroom, a dining hall and medical facilities for boys and girls between the age of 8 and 15. Beckham hopes the academy will produce future professional footballers, but he also says that it is just for fun and for the children to enjoy themselves. However, Beckham still decides to continue playing at the highest level in the near future. “ This school is for my future, for after I finish playing. I will e here as much as I can when I get a break, but the most important thing is my playing career,” he said. “ I want to play as long as my legs can take me. I don’t want to stop playing, but if it es to a point where I can’t do it at the top level any more, then I will stop. But for me, I want to keep playing for Real Madrid and keep playing for England as long as I can.” （ ）1. Who can go to Beckham’s football school if possible. A. Linda,20,works in a children’s hospital. B. Carl, 6,likes playing football with other children C. Mike, 16 ,a football lover D. Julia,10,shows an interest in sport （ ）2. Beckham’s football school A. has 30 football stars B. can train more than ten thousand children a year C. has many football fields and other facilities D. Is sure to produce top footballers （ ）3. The Underline ‘it’ means A. playing football’ B. teaching in school C. taking part in the match D. walking with my legs （ ）4. Which question isn’t mentioned in the passage? A. How old is David Beckham B. Why did Beckham open the school C. How many children are there in his school now D. What’s the most important to Beckham （ ）5. What purpose（目的）does Beckham open the football school? A. the academy will produce future professional footballers B. After Beckham finish playing, he will e here to get a break. C. The academy is just for fun and for the children to enjoy themselves. D. All of the above B To: Aggie@yahoo. From: Joe@heinfo. net Subject. Help! Date:21/06/xx 19:02 AM Dear Aunt Aggie, I’m having a problem with my classmate, Rena, at school. The other day I wrote an email to another classmate, Beth, in which I said some things about Rena that perhaps weren’t very nice. Unluckily, when Beth was writing back to me, she accidentally forwarded（无意间转发）the message to Rena! Now Rena is really angry with me and won’t talk to me, and Beth is unhappy as well. She’ s said sorry to me a hundred times already, but the harm is done. I feel bad, because I never would have said those things to Rena’s face, but how do I get her to forgive（原谅）me? What should I do? Joe To: joe @ heinfo. net From: Aggie @ yahoo. Subject: Some advice Date:22/06/xx 10:45 AM Dear Joe, This problem is more mon than you might think! Email is very useful, but also very dangerous, as you don’t know where your message might end up! First of all, you should say sorry right away to Rena. Explain that it was a mistake, and that you didn’t mean to hurt her feelings. It may take time for her to be able to forgive you, but that’ s up to her. Then you might want to do something nice for her. Perhaps send her some flowers to show that you’re truly sorry. Also, you should remember that old saying : “ If you don’t have anything nice to say, don’t say anything at all. ” And good luck! Aggie （ ）1. What is Joe’s problem in the first email? A. Joe made Rena unhappy and he felt very sad. B. Joe’ s classmate, Rena, sent Beth an email and made her unhappy. C. Joe received a wrong email from Rena and became angry. D. Joe’s friend, Beth, is unhappy because Joe sent her an angry email. （ ）2. After Rena’s feelings got hurt, what did Joe do.’? A. He emailed her and said sorry. B. He asked Beth what he should do. C. He emailed Aunt Aggie for help. D. He said sorry to Rena face to face. （ ）3. What does the underlined sentence mean in the second email? It means “ ”. A. because you don’t know who the email is for B. because you can never know who will get your email at last C. because you don’t know where your email was written D. because you never know where the message is from （ ）4. What advice did Aggie give Joe? A. Joe, Beth and Rena should have a talk together. B. Joe should wait for some time before saying sorry to Rena. C. Joe should ask Beth to explain（解释）that to Rena. D. Joe should say sorry to Rena and then send her some flowers. （ ）5. From the emails, we know that A. Joe, Rena and Beth study at different schools B. Beth didn’t forward the message to Rena C. Joe has said sorry to Rena many times already D. Rena hasn’t forgiven Joe yet 四. 补全对话 （A） A. I forgot that. B. Of course, you do. C. Go upstairs and go to bed. .D I won’t.. E. That’s a good idea. F. I like to go fishing with Grandpa. G. Do I have to? A: Mary, it’ s your bed time._______________ B: Oh, Mum! _____________________ It’s Friday evening and it’s .still early. A: Yes. Tomorrow we have to get up early to catch the train to your grandpa’s. B: _________________OK , I’ll go to bed right now. Oh, Mum, do I have to brush my teeth before I go to sleep? A: ______________________ And don’t forget to open the bedroom window. B: __________________________Good night, Mum ! A : Good night. （B） A: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the airport? B: Certainly. Go down this street, and take a No. 11 bus. A: _________________________________? B: It’s about three kilometers away from here. A: Thanks.（Now A is in the airport, and wants to get two tickets. ） C: Can I help you, sir? A: Yes, please. I’d like two tickets to London. C. Ok. ____________________? A: On the 8th of next month. C: The 8th, July ? Let me see. Mm Sorry, we don’t have any planes to London on that day. B: The 9th of July? That’s OK. What’s the flight number? C: It’s CA 767. A: CA 767. C: Er, it leaves Beijing at 15:30. A: I see. C: 5200 yuan. 五. 完成句子 1. 我父亲警告过我不要使用他的电脑玩游戏，因为他用电脑工作。 My father ________ _________ me not to use his puter for playing games because he uses it for his job. 2. 如果你告诉他真相，你会证明你是多么诚实。 If you _________ him the __________ , you’ll prove how honest you are. 3. 你的胃痛并不令人惊讶，毕竟你吃得太多。 It’s not surprising you’ve got stomachache. ________ __________,you’ve eaten too much. 4. 李琳打破了学校记录，我们为他自豪。 Li Lin broke the school record, we are _______ _________him. 5. 出乎所有人的意料，那个计划竟然取得了成功。 To _______ ________ , the plan succeeded. 六. 综合填空 In sports, numbers tell the n_________ of the players to scorers（得分手）or other players, and sometimes also s________ their position（位置）. Some numbers have more important meaning. In soccer, goalkeeper generally w________ the No. 1 shirt. Defenders（守门员）often wear numbers b 2 and 6. Midfielders wear numbers 4,6,7,8,10 and 11. Strikers（前锋）u_______ wear 9 and 10. England’s Wayne Rooney wears No 9 in the world. In basketball , NBA teams often retire（~it~t~ ; l~J~J）the numbers of their greatest a________ most talented play- ers . Retiring a number is an honor to the p_________ who wore it. This m________ no other player on the team is able to use that number in the future. When Michael Jordan retired from basketball the first time , in 1993,the Chicago Bulls retired his number23. Out of respect for the h______ , the Miami Heat team also retires No 23 in xx, even t_______ he had never played for that team. 七. 书面表达 根据中文提示和英文书信的内容，写一封意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于80词的回信。假设你叫李玲，是英国中学生李玲的笔友，你收到了她的邮件。请根据她来信的内容写一封回信。针对她的困惑，谈谈你的看法，同时提出一些建议，告诉她能干什么，不能干什么。 Dear Li Ling, These days Tom Cruise, the film star, always es into my mind. I think of him night and day. I just sit in my room and watch videos of his films again and again. I’ve written hundreds of letters to him and sent E-mail to his fan club , but all I get back are only photos with his names on them. I dream that some day I’ll meet him and that he’ i1 feel the same way about me. I don’t want to learn my lessons any more , and I’11 have final exams next month. I’m thinking of running away to Hollywood to meet him. Can you help me with the problem? Yours Lucy Hi Lucy， Nice to hear from you ______________________________________________________ 【试题答案】 五. 完成句子 1. has warned 2. tell；truth 3. After all 4. proud of 5. everyone’s surprise 六. 综合填空 1. names 2. show 3. wear 4. between 5. usually 6. and 7. player 8. means 9. hero 10. though 七. 书面表达 One possible version: Hi, Lucy, Nice to hear from you. Everyone has his favorite stars and there’s nothing wrong with that. I understand you. I don’t think what you do is right since you are a student. You’d better read more interesting books and have more sports in your free time. Stop writing to him and watching his films. You may also tell your problem to your parents and teachers. I’m sure they’ll help you. Running away to Hollywood is a wrong idea. Work hard on your lessons and get ready for exams. Your future is in your hands. Yours, Li Ling 【励志故事】 上帝没有轻看卑微 　　一位父亲带着儿子去参观凡高故居，在看过那张小木床及裂了口的皮鞋之后，儿子问父亲：“凡高不是位百万富翁吗？”父亲答：“凡高是位连妻子都没娶上的穷人。”第二年，这位父亲带儿子去丹麦，在安徒生的故居前，儿子又困惑地问：“爸爸，安徒生不是生活在皇宫里吗？”父亲答：“安徒生是位鞋匠的儿子，他就生活在这栋阁楼里。”这位父亲是一个水手，他每年往来于大西洋各个港口，这位儿子叫伊东•布拉格，是美国历史上第一位获普利策奖的黑人记者，20年后，在回忆童年时，他说：“那时我们家很穷，父母都靠做苦力为生。有很长一段时间，我一直认为像我们这样地位卑微的黑人是不可能有什么出息的。好在父亲让我认识了凡高和安徒生，这两个人告诉我，上帝没有轻看卑微。” 　　原来，很多时候，是出身卑微的人自己看低了自己。