2017 小学英语语法讲解、练习及答案PPT演示课件
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小学英语语法总结,名词复数规则,1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es, 如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es, 如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries,4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es, 如:knife-knives leaf——leaves 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, child-children; foot-feet;tooth-teeth ; goose-geese fish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep deer-deer Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen,写出下列各词的复数 I _____ him ______ this _______ her ______ watch ________ child _______ photo ________ day______ foot______ book______ dress ______ tooth______ sheep ______ box______ tea______ strawberry ___________diary ______ rice______ thief ______ you _____peach _______man_____ woman________ paper_______ juice________ milk______ sandwich __________water________,we,them,these,them,watches,children,photos,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,sheep,boxes,diaries,∕,∕,∕,∕,∕,∕,strawberries,thieves,you,peaches,men,women,sandwiches,一 般 现 在 时,一般现在时的功能: 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。 如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时的构成: be动词:主语 + be (am, is, are) +其它。 如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语 + 行为动词 + 其它。 如:We study English.我们学习英语。 ※当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要 在动词后加“-s”或“-es” 如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的变化 1. be 动词的变化: ①否定句:主语 + be not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 ②一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + 其它? 如:- Are you a student? - Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. ※一般疑问句必须用yes/no 回答,答句的 主语必须是代词。 ③特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句? 如:- Where is my bike? - It’s there, under the tree.,2.行为动词的变化: ①否定句:主语 + don‘t (doesn’t) +动词原形 +其它。 如: I don't like bread. ※当主语为第三人称单数,用doesn‘t构成否定句 如: He doesn't often play. ②一般疑问句:Do (Does) +主语 + 动词原形 + 其它? 如:- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. ※当主语为第三人称单数,要用does构成一般疑问句 如:- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. ③特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 一般疑问句? 如:- How do you go to school? - I go to school on foot.,动词 单数第三人称(简称:单三)的变化规则: 1.一般情况下,直接加 s 如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾,加 es 如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加 es 如:study-studies,一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ______ go _______ stay ______ make ______look ______ have_______ pass______ carry _______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.3. We __________(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick __________(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?6. _______ your parents ______(read) newspapers every day?7. The girl ________(teach) us English on Sundays.8. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,has,are,don’t watch,doesn’t go,Do,like,Do,read,teaches,take,三、按照要求改写句子 Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_____________________________________ I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________ She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)____________________________________ ___________________ 4. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_____________________________________,Daniel doesn’t watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every day?,No, I don’t.,Does she like milk?,Yes, she does.,We don’t go to school every morning.,五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)1. Is your brother speak English? __________________2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________3. He likes play games after class. __________________4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. __________________,Does,__,____,like,playing / to play,____,teaches,______,doesn’t,____,现在进行时,1、现在进行时用法: ①现在正在进行或发生的动作, ②当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2、现在进行时的肯定句:be +V-ing. 3、现在进行时的否定句:be + not。 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句:be →句首。 5、现在进行时的特殊疑问句: 疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它? ※ 疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?,动词+ing的变化规则: 1.一般情况下,直接 加 ing, 如:cook --- cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去 e 加 ing, 如:make --- making, taste --- tasting 3.假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母, 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing 如:run --- running, stop --- stopping,现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: run _______ swim _______ make______ begin______ go _______ like ______ write ______ shop _______ have______ sing ______ dance _______ put ______ see ______ love _______ live ______ take ______ come _______ get ______ stop ______ sit _______ smoke______,running,swimming,making,beginning,going,liking,writing,shopping,having,singing,dancing,putting,seeing,loving,living,taking,coming,getting,stopping,sitting,smoking,二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy ____________( draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls ___________(sing) in the classroom . 3. My mother ________(cook)some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _________ (have) an English lesson .,is drawing,are singing,is cooking,are,doing,are having,三、句型转换: They are doing housework . (分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)____________________________________________________________________ 2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_____________________________________________________________________,Are they doing housework?,They aren’t doing housework.,Are the students cleaning the classroom?,Yes, they are.,No, they aren’t.,一 般 将 来 时,一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及 打算、计划或预备做某事。 句中一般有以下时间状语: tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow 等。 二、基本结构:①be going to do; ②will be / do.,三、否定句: ①be going to do → be not going to do ②will be / do → won’t be / do 例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon. → I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. I will go to Beijing next month. → I won’t go to Beijing next month. 四、一般疑问句: ①be或will提到句首; ②如果有some,改为any; 如果有 and,改为or; ③第一二人称互换。 例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. →Are you going to go on an outing this weekend.,五、对划线部分提问。 一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况: 1、问人。(Who) 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon. 2、问干什么。(What … do) 例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3、问什么时候。(When) 例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?,六、be going to 与 will : ① 一般情况下可以互换: I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. ② 区别: A、 be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情, will 表示的将来时间则较远一些 He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. B、 be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情, will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.,C、 be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情, will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情 She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. D、 be going to含有“计划,准备”的意思, will则没有这个意思 She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. E、在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多 用will If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you.,will和be going to的选用原则,关于“打算”: ①原先作好的打算用 “be going to” “Kate is in hospital.” “凯特在住院。” “Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.” “是的,我知道。我下午要去看她。” ②说话时即时的打算用“will” “Kate is in hospital.” “凯特在住院。” “Oh, really, I didn’t know. I will go and see her at once.” “哦,是吗?我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”,in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院里,立刻,马上,2. 关于“预料”: ①在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“be going to”; Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。 My God! We are going to crash. 天哪!我们快撞车了。 ②在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will 或 be going to” 皆可; I think the weather will be nice. 我想天会晴朗。 = I think the weather is going to be nice. ③当动词表示内心活动时,表示猜测的句子必须用“will”。 I think she will like the cake I made for her. 我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。,练习:填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ ______ _____ have a picnic with my friends. I ______ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What _____ _____ _____ ___ ____next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.(同义句) 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 ____ your mother _____ ____ go shopping this ________? Yes, she ____. She _____ _____ ____ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面? What time ______ you ______ _____ meet?,am,going,to,will,are,you,going,to,do,am,going,to,Is,going,to,weekend,is,is,going,to,are,going,to,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Today is a sunny day. We ________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _________(go) to Shanghai next week. 3.Tom often ______(go) to school on foot. But today is rainy. He ________(go) to school by bike. 4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually ________ (watch) TV and _________(catch) insects? 5.It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and __________ (catch) insects.,are going to have,is going,goes,will go,watch,catch,is,going to do,is going to watch,catch,一般过去时,1.功能: ①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 ②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2.谓语动词是be动词时,be的变化: ⑴ am 和is在一般过去时中变为 was。(was not=wasn’t) ⑵ are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) 3.谓语动词是其他实意动词时,动词变过去式,否定和 疑问借用助动词did 如:I went to school at 8 o’clock yesterday. Jim didn’t go home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday.,动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work---worked , 2.结尾是e加d,如:live---lived 3.重读的“辅·元·辅”结构(末尾只有一个元音 字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节),双写 末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed 如:stop---stopped, begin --- beginning /bɪʹgɪn/ 4.以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed, 如:study---studied,5.不规则动词过去式: am/is---was, eat---ate are---were, take---took, do---did, run---ran, see---saw, sing---sang, say---said, put---put, give---gave, make---made, get---got, read---read, go---went, write---wrote, come---came, draw---drew, have---had, drink---drank, swim-swam, sit---sat,一、 用动词的适当形式填空1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes ________ newspapers, but she _____a book yesterday. (read)6. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.7. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.,was,had,jumped,milked,reading,read,Did,sweep,didn’t,watched,形容词和副词,形容词: ① 是修饰名词(人或事物),表示名词的性质、 特征或属性一种词类。 ②它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。,形容词和副词的概念,副词: ①是用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词。 ②副词在句中多作状语。,形容词和副词的用法,①形容词作定语一般放在被修饰 的名词之前。 如: a new book, two big trees 等。,②形容词作表语放在系动词be 、look、 get、 keep、turn、feel、become、seem、 grow、 smell等之后。 如:1. I am short. 2. She looks fine. 3. They turn green.,③如果形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等时,要放在不定代词后面。 如: something interesting, nothing new,④副词放在所修饰的be动词之后、行为动词之前; 形容词和副 词之前。 如: 1.She works hard . (修饰动词) 2.I am very busy. (修饰形容词) 3.He runs too quickly. (修饰副词) 4.We play happily. (修饰动词),⑤通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。,slow → ______ real → ______ usual →______ careful→______ easy → ______ happy→ ______ heavy →______ angry→ ______,slowly,usually,easily,heavily,really,carefully,happily,angrily,形容词和副词的级,一、形容词的比较级和最高级,形容词和副词有三个等级: 原级、比较级、最高级 1.原级:即形容词和副词的原形。 small, good, pretty, big, many hard, happily, slowly, quickly ① 程度副词very, too, so, quite等修饰形容 词和副词的原级。 如:very tall、 too hot、 so cold quite interesting、 run quickly,② as…as ,(与…一样) ;not as(so)…as (与…不一样)的中间用原级。 The story is as interesting as that one. The question is not as / so difficult as that one.,2.比较级: ①两个人或物之间的比较 ②表示“较……”或“更……一些” ③标志词:than (比) ④构成:A.单音节词通常是-er结尾; B.多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前 加more.,3.最高级: ①三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。 ②表示“最……”的意思。 ③标志词:in+大范围; of all; of +the+具体的数字 ④单音节词通常是-est结尾;多音节或部分双音节 词通常在之前加most. ⑤※在形容词的最高级前必须加the; 副词之前可以不加。,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式,一、规则变化,二、不规则变化:,good / well → → bad / badly / ill→ → many / much → → little → →,better,best,worse,worst,more,most,less,least,old → → far→ →,older / elder,oldest / eldest,farthest / furthest,farther / further,important ______________ _________________ easy___________________ ___________________ wet___________________ ____________________ happy________________ ____________________ careful ________________ __________________ thin _________________ __________________ good________________ ____________________ hot __________________ ____________________ easily ________________ ____________________ many________________ ____________________ nice ________________ ____________________ big _________________ ____________________ heavy______________ ____________________ delicious____________ ____________________ much_______________ _____________________,给出下列词的比较级和最高级,more important,most important,easier,easiest,wetter,wettest,happiest,happier,more careful,1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用: ①两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面 一般带有单词than。 ②比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示 程度。 ③than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。,2.形容词比较级的规则变化:⑴一般在词尾加er ; ⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;⑶“辅·元·辅”结构,应双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加er ; ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。,3、不规则形容词比较级: good / well---better, bad / ill --- worse little--- less, old --- older / elder many / much --- more,二、副词的比较级 1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be; 有动用副,有副用动)⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词 之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相 同 (不规则变化:well-better,far-farther,一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 short________ strong_______ big ________ small_______ fat_________ thin ________ heavy________ light ________ nice ________ good_______ beautiful_______________ low_________ high________ slow_______ fast ________ late _______ early ________ far_________ well_______ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1. My brother is two years __________(old) than me.2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is ___________(thin), you or Helen? Helen is.,5.______Nancy sing _____(well) than Helen? Yes, she ___. 6.Fangfang is not as ____(tall) as the other girls. 7.My eyes are __________(big) than _____ (she). 8.Who gets up _________(early), Tim or Tom? 9._____the girls get up ______(early) than the boys? No, they______.,三、翻译句子:1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。 _______ is _______than Jim? ______ are.2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like ___.All my____ ____ _____than me. 3.谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。 ________pencil is _________,______or ______? ________is, I think.4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My_____ _____ ______than my ______. 5.多做运动,你会更强壮。 ____ more exercise, you’ll ____ ____soon.,There be 句型与have, has的区别,1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某人/物 2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语 是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据 最近be 动词的那个名词决定(就近原则)。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问 句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be表示在 某地有某人/物;have(has)表示某人拥有某物。,5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用some 用 于肯定句 ,any用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于 肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语? 8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语,Fill in the blank with “have, has”or “there is , there are” 1. I ________ a good father and a good mother. 2. ____________a telescope on the desk. 3. He_________ a tape-recorder. 4. ____________a basketball in the playground. 5. She__________ some dresses.,人称代词和物主代词,1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别: 主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位 于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别: 形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单 独使用,后面不带名词。,人称代词和物主代词,主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirs,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. That is not _____kite. That kite is very small, but ____is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is ____. Give it to _____( she ). 3. ___is my brother. ___ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are___ ( he ). 4. I can find my toy, but where’s ______? ( you ) 5. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they),用am,is,are填空。 1. That ______ my red skirt. 2. Who ______ I? 3.The jeans ______ on the desk. 4. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 5. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 6. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 7. Some tea ______ in the glass.,- 配套讲稿:
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