2019高考英语一轮基础达标练题 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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Astronomy the science of the stars 一、阅读理解。 On April 14th, 2010, my entire life changed in an instant. One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine. The next moment, metal, flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash. Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oning traffic. As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life, another disaster also occurred on April 14th, 2010. It cost the airline industry $ 1.7 billion. Ten million travelers were stuck for days. Economics all over the world were disturbed. This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Iceland’s many volcanoes. However, volcanoes are not all bad. In fact, they are necessary. They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil. This eruption gave off 0.15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily. But cancelling 48% of the world’s flight travel saved about 2.8 million tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere, temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint. Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations. In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal(地热的) energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes，focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future. I ran from April 14th, 2010, to every kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a newfound love in Earth sciences. 【解题导语】　作者把自己遭遇突发事件和火山爆发这种自然灾害进行类比，说明遭遇到不幸也有好处，面对现实情况要乐观积极。 1．What happened to the writer on April 14th, 2010? A．He was involved in a car crash. B．He was stuck in an Iceland’s airport. C．He witnessed a volcanic eruption. D．He was badly injured on a bike ride. D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The next moment, metal... sent me supermanning toward oning traffic.”可知，一个马虎的骑自行车的人撞到了作者，作者遭遇了事故，受伤严重，故D项正确。 2．Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull? A．The economy was cost globally by the eruption. B．Carbon dioxide increased temporarily. C．Most of the world’s planes were held up. D．The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted. A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Economics all over the world were disturbed.”可知，艾雅法拉火山爆发后，全世界的经济都受到了干扰，即火山的爆发使全球经济受损，故A项正确。 3．Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano? A．It broke out in Iceland on April 14th as well. B．It symbolized the accident that changed his life. C．It told us to make the best of a given situation. D．It encouraged him to know more about himself. C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“After their plan worked... their homes.”并结合“One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.”可推知，我们应该充分利用特定的环境。 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Escape from Volcanoes B．Inspiration from Disasters C．Love for Earth Sciences D．Attitude Toward Nature B　解析：标题归纳题。本文作者通过讲述自己遭遇事故和火山爆发带来的好处及坏处，告诉人们要积极应对现实情况，所以选B项。 二、单句语法填空 1．(2017北京高考)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 答案：whoever　whoever “无论谁”，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。 2．My relationship with the actors is fundamental ________my work as a director. 答案：to　be fundamental to ... “……是……的基础”。 3．I can say that it is the ________(violence) film that I have ever seen. 答案：most violent　由“that I have ever seen”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。 4．His last paintings are perhaps the most ________(puzzle), which even the artists cant make sense of. 答案：puzzling　此处形容词puzzling “令人困惑的”作表语，描述主语paintings的本质特征。 5．________exists a good way to solve the problem in geography. 答案：There　There exists ... “存在……；有……”。 6．As secondhand smoking is ________(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public. 答案：harmful　此处形容词harmful “有害的”作表语。 7．She bought a heavy curtain ________(block) out the light. 答案：to block　此处动词不定式短语to block out作目的状语。 8．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ________ , hoping to make his parents less worried. 答案：up　cheer up “(使)感到高兴，(使)振作起来”。 9．Measures have been taken to prevent the river from ________(pollute)． 答案：being polluted　prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填动名词的被动结构。 10．________(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing. 答案：Unlike　根据语意可知，“并不像”你所猜测的那样，故填Unlike，引导名词性从句。 三、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was a shy kid.Nothing seemed harder than talking to people.I didnt even like to answer the phone for fear that Id have to talk to somebody I didnt know. __1__ ，at school I had to spend all day in the pany of others.My __2__ was studying.It was something I could do __3__ and by myself.I spent a lot of time studying and was __4__ with good grades. Eventually I went to college.I came to realize that some people were rather fun to __5__ with.Yet my childhood __6__ carried over and I found myself tonguetied and __7__ whenever I found myself in a conversation. One day while on campus，I __8__ an advertisement for a position on the local classical music __9__ station.I had grown up listening to classical music，and I loved it. In order to get the job，applicants needed to be interviewed.I had absolutely no background in radio，and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me.I didnt really want the job.I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) __11__. Two weeks __12__ ，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job. It was a __13__ job，but I grew to enjoy it.I announced music to thousands of __14__ in the city，sometimes answering their calls and __15__ to their requests.I began to feel fortable talking to these people，these strangers who I couldnt even __16__. Although I now spend much time talking with people，Im still basically a __17__ person.My former shyness is a gift，as I can __18__ people who feel disfort when they talk to strangers.I still enjoy moments of being __19__.But Im also glad I decided to make a __20__ in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed. 1．A.However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Besides 2．A.advice B．practice C．task D．escape 3．A.obviously B．simply C．quietly D．poorly 4．A.filled B．rewarded C．decorated D．faced 5．A.help out B．catch up C．put up D．hang out 6．A.happiness B．shyness C．kindness D．goodness 7．A.excited B．astonished C．embarrassed D．interested 8．A.noticed B．posted C．realized D．believed 9．A.fire B．gas C．TV D．radio 10．A.terrified B．pleased C．satisfied D．amazed 11．A.child B．singer C．interviewer D．applicant 12．A.ago B．later C．before D．since 13．A.wellpaid B．puzzling C．fortable D．challenging 14．A.listeners B．followers C．viewers D．dancers 15．A.referring B．responding C．offering D．paring 16．A.feel B．move C．hear D．see 17．A.busy B．warm C．quiet D．smart 18．A.look into B．relate to C．bine with D．worry with 19．A.alone B．alive C．active D．awake 20．A.plan B．mistake C．change D．dream 【解题导语】该文主要讲述了害羞的作者通过应聘电台工作而实现自我突破的故事。 1．A　根据上下文可知，此处表示逻辑上的转折关系。然而，作者在学校里不得不和同学们相处。 2．D　根据上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，害羞的作者在学校用学习来逃避与人交流。 3．C　与语境“by myself”呼应可推知，作者一个人安安静静地做功课。 4．B　与语境“with good grades”呼应可推知，作者在学习上的付出得到了丰厚的回报，成绩突出。 5．D　由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最终意识到了和朋友相处是有趣的。hang out“常去某处”。 6．B　根据上文的“I was a shy kid”并结合“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，作者童年时代的害羞个性还存在。 7．C　根据“I found myself tonguetied”可推知，和他人交流时沟通不顺畅是令人尴尬的。 8．A　根据语境可知，作者在校园里注意到了一则让他感兴趣的广告。 9．D　根据下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，这是一则电台的招募广告。 10．A　根据“I had absolutely no background in radio”并结合下文的“I didnt really want the job”可推知，作者因自己没有广播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，与下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼应。 11．C　作者害怕与成千上万的听众交流，只想证明自己能够和面试官交谈。 12．B　根据语境可推知，时间已经过去了两周。 13．D　根据上文可知，这项工作需要与成千上万的听众交流，这对作者来说有一定的挑战性，且与语境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼应。 14．A　与上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me”呼应可推知，此处表示作者给听众播放音乐。 15．B　与语境“answering their calls”呼应可推知，作者回应听众的要求。 16．D　根据上文可知，作者应聘的是电台工作，和听众们基本上是不见面的。 17．C　根据“still”的提示并结合上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，作者尽管现在花费很多时间和人们交流，但是本质上还是一个不多说话的人，与下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼应。 18．B　结合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能够理解那些和他相同的人。relate to“理解，认同”。 19．A　根据上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍旧喜欢独处。 20．C　根据语境可推知，作者通过做电台工作有了重大改变，从而人生有了更多的可能性。 四、单句改错 1．Mary arrived just on time for her flight to London. _____________________________________________________ 答案：on→in　in time for ... “及时赶上了……”。 2．It was hot in the room, because the airconditioning system broke out. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out→down　break down “出故障”。 3．She married at 27 and gave birth of her first child shortly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：of→to　give birth to “分娩；产生”。 4．Watch out sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. _____________________________________________________ 答案：out后加for　watch out for sth. “当心/密切注意某物”。 5．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as bigger as the present one. _____________________________________________________ 答案：bigger→big　在比较等级的表达方式中“as ... as”中，应用形容词或副词的原级。 五、短文改错 I have met many teachers since I begin my schooling.Of all my teachers，Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50，she looks very young at her age.paring with other teachers，Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and interestingly.In her opinion，we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us answer immediately，she encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions.With her help, we have learned how to analyze and settled problems.What the amazing world of “why” she leads us! She is such a learned person that we all admire him very much. 【答案】　 I have met many teachers since I my schooling.Of all my teachers，Mrs.Green is the one who impresses me most.Though she is 50，she looks very young her age. with other teachers，Mrs.Green pays more attention to her way of teaching.She tries various ways to make her class lively and .In her opinion，we will not only know “what” but also understand “why”. So instead of giving us immediately，she encourages us to think carefully every time she puts forward questions.With her help, we have learned how to analyze and problems.What amazing world of “why” she leads us ! She is such a learned person that we all admire very much.