2019-2020年高考英语一轮 语法专题10 数词和主谓一致01 译林牛津版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英语一轮 语法专题10 数词和主谓一致01 译林牛津版 高考预练 1、 Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. A. in B. below C. beside D. against 答案：D 解析：考查介词，句意为：“累了，吉姆背倚着树，很快就睡着了。”against此处意为：“倚着，靠着”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁边”；in“在……里面或（时间）……之后”。 2、 Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice. m A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes 答案：Ａw_ 解析：考查系动词辨析。与上句中的eat with their eyes相对，后句应该为点看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。 3、 On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine 答案：C 解析：考查代词。take a photo of sb意为给某人照相，此处应用人称代词的宾格。正确答案为C。 4、Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man and left． A．took up B．got up C．shut up D．set up 答案：Bw 解析：考查动词词组。get up意为“起床，起立”。句意为“Jenny正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运地，一个人站起来离开了。”故选B。1意为“从事，占据时间或空间”；C意为“闭嘴”；D意为“建造，搭起”。 5、We laugh at jokes，but seldom about how they work． A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think 答案：D 解析：考查倒装。seldom为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。” 6、After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision A．that B．which C．when D．where 答案：B 解析：考查定语从句。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。” 7、In many people’s opinion，that pany，though relatively small，is pleasant ． A．to deal with B．dealing with C．to be dealt with D．dealt with 答案：Aw 解析：考查不定式主动表被动。在某些形容词后经常用不定式的主动形式表被动，此时，不定式动作和句子的主语存在动宾关系。又如：The apartment is fortable to live in. 8、The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ． A．small B．few C．1arge D．many 答案：C 解析：考查形容词的用法。the number of 意为“……的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。又据句意学校被移出了市中心，应该是学生的数量变得太大了，故选C。 9、一I’m sorry．That wasn’t of much help． 一Oh， ．As a matter of fact，it was most helpful． A．sure it was B．it doesn’t matter C．of course not D．thanks anyway 答案：A 解析：考查日常用语。后句中的As a matter of fact, it was most helpful,可知是对前句表意的否定，所以A项合适。句意为：“对不起，那帮助不太大。当然不是了，实际上，它很有用。” 10、How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives． A．what B．who C．how D．why 答案：B 解析：考查介词后的宾语从句。根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。” 一、数词 数词分为两种：基数词（表示数目）和序数词（表示顺序）。 考点一　dozen与score的用法 1．dozen（一打，十二），score（二十）与具体数词或与many，several 等连用时，后不加s，所修饰的名词前常省去of。如：two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋，many dozen pencils好多打铅笔；dozen，score的复数形式后接of时，表示“许多”，是概数。如：dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋，scores of pencils几十支铅笔。此外，有“数词＋score＋of＋名词”这种用法。如：two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋，three score of people 60个人。 2．当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these，those，my，your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them，us，you时，这时需要加of。如：two dozen of these pens，three score of them。 考点二　分数的表达法 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，则分母用复数。如：onefourth（a quarter）1/4 twofifths 2/5 Twothirds of the money was spent on food. 考点三　年龄的表达法 表示某人的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”或者“at the age of＋基数词”，也可直接用基数词；表示某人几十多岁时，用“in ones＋逢十的基数词的复数（如tens，twenties，thirties等）”来表达。 She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。 考点四　年代的表达法 表示“几十年代”时，在阿拉伯数字后加s或s。 My grandpa was born in 1910s. 二、主谓一致 谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。 考点一　谓语动词用单数的情况 1．主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词时。 Ten miles is not a long way for me. 2．由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语，前面由不定代词every/each/no修饰时。 Every student and every teacher is in the classroom. 3．and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，因而两个名词共用一个冠词时。 The writer and artist has e. Bread and butter is her favourite food. 4．the number of＋复数名词作主语时。 The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800. 5．动名词（短语）、不定式、从句等作主语时。 What he said is very important for us all. 6．one and a half＋复数名词；more than one＋单数名词；many a＋单数名词作主语时。 More than one student has gone to Beijing. 7．“the＋形容词”表示一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数。 The new is sure to replace the old. 考点二　谓语动词用复数的情况 1．有些集合名词，如：clothes，cattle，folk，people，police，poultry（家禽）等作主语，后面的谓语动词多用复数形式。 The police are searching for the murderer. 2．“the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时动词用复数。 The old are living a happy life now. 3．由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词同样）。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. 考点三　谓语动词单复数视情况而定 1．集合名词如：group，family，class，government，team，public，enemy，crowd，audience，club，party，crew等作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 The family which is not big like watching football games. 2．主语是单复数同形的名词如：deer，sheep，fish，series，species，means，works，aircraft等时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。 A new means has been used by our government. Many means have not e into effect. 3．代词none，neither，all等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于所指代的内容。 All our hope has gone. All the students have e on time. 4．population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 The population of Canada is about 29 million. Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers. 考点四　“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致 1．有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。 The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly. 2．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，acpanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数要与它们前面的主语取得一致。 The singer together with his agent has arrived. 考点五　“名词（或代词）＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致 1．由“some，plenty，a lot，lots，most，the rest，all，half，part或分数、百分数＋of＋名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。 About one third of the books are well worth reading. Over 30% of the work has been finished. 2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词＋of this kind”等，以及type，sort，part，piece，section，pair等构成的同类型短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。 This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous. 3．“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。 “large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。 “a large quantity of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。 “a large quantity of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。 “large quantities of＋不可数名词/复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。 “a good/great deal of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。 Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market. 考点六　就近原则 1．由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. Are either you or your brother going to the party? 2．there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。 There are some envelopes and paper for you. 考点七　定语从句中的主谓一致 1．在定语从句里，关系代词that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who have seen the film please put up your hands. 2．“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。 Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad. 3．“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。 He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.