2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习 Unit 2 The Olympic Games（含解析）新人教版必修2.doc

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Unit 2　The Olympic Games 【短文语法填空】 Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years.They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people，1. (cause) a farreaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.The traditional Chinese marriage usually 2. (involve) some necessary procedures，such as matchmaking，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. 3. addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged，4. follows is a 5. (choose) of the date of their marriage. Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends 6. (attend) the wedding.However，quite a few others，especially 7. in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”．The wedding ceremony is usually hosted 8. (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with 9. unique banquet.Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a 10. (health) baby and so on. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。 1．causing　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处表示自然而然的结果，主语They和动词cause之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。 2．involves　解析：考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。 3．In　解析：考查固定搭配。in addition为固定搭配，意为“此外，除此之外”。 4．what　解析：考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what引导该主语从句。 5．choice　解析：考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词形式。 6．to attend　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。 7．those　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故用代词those。 8．warmly　解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词hosted，故用副词形式。 9．a　解析：考查冠词。空后的banquet为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。 10．healthy　解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词baby，表示“一个健康的婴儿”，故用形容词healthy。 一．高考单词→识记思考运用 1．核心词汇 ①host vt.做东；主办；招待 n．主人 ②fine vt.罚款 ③charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉 n．费用；主管 ④bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n．便宜货 ⑤deserve vi. & vt.应受；值得 ⑥replace vt.取代；替换；代替 replacement n．代替，替换 ⑦pete vi.比赛；竞争 petitor n．竞争者 petition n．比赛；竞争 petitive adj.竞争的，有竞争性的 ⑧admit vt. & vi.容许；承认；接纳 admission n．准许进入；承认；入场费 ⑨advertise vt. & vi.做广告；登广告 advertisement n．广告 2．常考词汇 ①foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的 ②medal n．奖章；勋章；纪念章 ③nowadays adv.现今；现在 ④pain n．疼痛；痛苦 painful adj.痛苦的，(肉体)疼的 ⑤magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的 magic n．巫术；魔术 ⑥regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的 regularly adv.规则地；定期地；常规地 ⑦athlete n．运动员；运动选手 athletics n．体育运动；竞技 ⑧responsibility n．责任；职责 responsible adj.有责任心的 ⑨swift adj.快的；迅速的 swiftly adv.快速地 ⑩physical adj.物理的；身体的 physics n．物理；物理学 physician n．医生，医师；内科医生 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．Benjamin was forced to_admit (admit) what he had been doing.(2017浙江卷) 2．These advertise (advertisement) the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.(2017全国卷Ⅰ) 3．Taylor’s swift (swiftly) action helped her teammates calm down.(2017北京卷) 4．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what it used to_charge (charge)．(2017江苏卷) 5．I want to prove that I can be just as good as my petitors (pete)．(2016北京卷) 6．You can produce that kind of magical (magic) quality in your own garden，too.(2016全国Ⅱ卷) 7．Even chimp mothers regularly (regular) decline to share food with their children.(2016江苏卷) 8．Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility (responsible), independence, confidence and petence.(2016天津卷) 9．Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical (physics) world in this way.(2016浙江卷) 10．Tall poles，placed in large training areas，teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful (pain) but undeadly electric shock.(2016北京卷) ❶含serve的必备动词一览 ①deserve应受，值得 ②observe观察；遵守 ③preserve保存，保藏 ④reserve保留；预定 ⑤conserve保存；保护 ❷后缀less构成的常考形容词集锦 ①careless粗心的 ②hopeless无望的 ③doubtless无疑的 ④helpless无助的 ⑤restless不安的 ⑥homeless无家可归的 ❸词形相近词对比记 ①medal n．奖牌 ②modal n．模型，典型 ③metal n．金属 ④mental adj.心理的 ❹ive结尾的形容词集锦 ①active活泼的 ②instructive有教育意义的 ③predictive预言性的 ④productive多产的 ⑤protective防护的 ⑥relative有关的 ⑦representative代表的 ⑧restrictive限制的，约束的 【完形填空】 I was driving to the grocery store on a warm morning in May.I smiled as I watched the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves.It was such a __2__ and heavenly time. My calm was broken，__3__，as I rounded a curve(拐弯处)．A huge UHaul truck was ing my way several feet over the center line.I swerved as far onto the side of the road as I could to __4__ it.It was followed by not one but two other UHaul trucks just as __5__.I wondered if all the stuff inside of them __6__ the same person.I slowed down my car and waited for my heart rate to __7__.It was then that I __8__ a selfstorage business along the side of the highway，building new units for all the people who couldnt fit their __9__ into their houses.I saw a(n)__10__ couple carrying boxes into one of the units.It seemed __11__ that a couple just out of their teens could already have too much stuff. I lost my own __12__ for owning stuff when a house fire in the middle of the night destroyed everything my family owned.The only thing I had left was the underwear I was wearing.Yet，our whole family had awakened __13__ to escape.In the weeks that followed friends and family gave us a lot of stuff to get us back on our feet，but none of it seemed as __14__ any more.What was important was seeing Moms smile，giving Nana a hug and a kiss，and watching Dad snooze(打盹) in his chair __15__ a hard days work.What was important was the stuff of __16__，not the stuff of this world.Since then I have tried to limit the things I would __17__.I didnt want too much stuff to __18__ my life.I wanted to only buy what I needed and to spend my days in learning，growing，and __19__ my family and others. I assumed that only by doing so could I make my __20__. 1．A.appreciating　　　B．reflecting C．admiring D．releasing 2．A.refreshing B．delightful C．peaceful D．dynamic 3．A.though B．too C．anyway D．instead 4．A.miss B．reject C．ignore D．desert 5．A.useful B．large C．new D．good 6．A.turned to B．referred to C．reacted to D．belonged to 7．A.beat B．pulse C．accelerate D．follow 8．A.noticed B．thought C．did D．established 9．A.furniture B．boxes C．possessions D．materials 10．A.old B．young C．middleaged D．small 11．A.curious B．apparent C．certain D．obvious 12．A.hope B．talent C．faith D．taste 13．A.in return B．in turn C．in time D．in vain 14．A.affordable B．significant C．beneficial D．practical 15．A.before B．in C．after D．during 16．A.mind B．hand C．head D．soul 17．A.purchase B．donate C．waste D．need 18．A.put up B．crowd up C．bring up D．set up 19．A.helping B．abusing C．loving D．affecting 20．A.name B．day C．world D．way 【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述驾车途中的所见所感，并联想到自己家中曾经的火灾事件对他自身观念的影响，由此阐述了自己的感受：世上最重要的东西不是物质占有量，而在于精神世界的丰富，只有这样人才能感到快乐。 1．B　根据“the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves”可知，此处意为“树叶反射出金色的阳光”。reflect“反射”符合语境。appreciate“感激，欣赏”；admire“钦佩，赞赏”；release“释放，发行”。 2．C　根据空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者当时的心情是平静愉快的，故peaceful符合语境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的”；delightful“讨人喜欢的，令人愉快的”；peaceful“平静的，宁静的”；dynamic“动力的，有活力的”。 3．A　根据空前的“My calm was broken”可知，空处所在句与上文构成转折关系，故though“可是，不过”符合语境。too“太，也”；anyway“不管怎样，无论如何”；instead“相反”。 4．A　根据空前一句中的“truck was ing my way several feet over the center line”可知，作者尽量把车子往路边开来躲开卡车。miss“避开，躲开(不好或讨厌的事)”；reject“排斥，丢掉”；ignore“忽视，不理睬”；desert“遗弃，丢弃”。 5．B　根据上文可知，一辆卡车越过了中心线几英尺向作者的方向驶来，结合语境可知，这辆大卡车后还跟着另外两辆同样大的(large)卡车，故选B。 6．D　根据语境可知，作者不知道三辆卡车上的东西是否属于(belonged to)同一个人。belong to“属于”；turn to“转向，求助于”；refer to“参考，提到”；react to“对……作出反应”。 7．D　根据语境可知，作者放慢车速来平静心情调整心率。故follow“跟随，追赶”符合语境。beat“打败，拍打”；pulse“跳动，搏动”；accelerate“加速，增加”。 8．A　该句中的It was then that是强调句型，意思是“就在那时”。作者在平静心情时注意到路旁的一个自助存储公司。notice“注意到”；establish“建立，创办”。 9．C　根据语境可知，这些设备是为那些无法把所有物(possessions)存储到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，财产”符合语境。furniture“家具，设备”；material“材料”。 10．B　根据空后一句中的“a couple just out of their teens”可知，此处young“年轻的”符合语境。middleaged“中年的”。 11．A　根据该句中的“could already have too much stuff(可能已经拥有太多的东西)”可知，作者对此感到奇怪，故curious“稀奇古怪的”符合语境。apparent“显然的，表面上的”；certain“必然的，有把握的”；obvious“明显的，显然的”。 12．D　根据语境可知，夜半时分一场大火烧毁了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有拥有(很多)东西的兴趣(taste)。taste“爱好，兴趣”符合语境。hope“希望”； talent“才能，天资”；faith“信仰，信念”。 13．C　根据空前的“had awakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及时(in time)醒来逃了出去。in return“作为回报”；in turn“反过来，轮流”；in vain“徒劳”。 14．B　根据空后的“What was important was”和空前的“none of it”可知，空处所填词与important意思相同，故significant“重要的，有意义的”符合语境。affordable“买得起的”；beneficial“有益的”；practical“实用的”。 15．C　根据生活常识可知，父亲打盹应该是在一天的艰辛工作之后(after)。 16．D　根据空前的“What was important was the stuff of”及空后的“not the stuff of this world”可知，空处所填词与“this world”形成对比，再结合上文内容可知，作者认为精神世界的丰富更为重要。soul“(人类整体的)精神状况”符合语境。mind“头脑，智力”。 17．A　根据上文中的“not the stuff of this world”可知，作者从此努力限制自己购买(purchase)东西的数量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故选A。donate“捐赠”；waste“浪费”；need“需要”。 18．B　根据语境可知，此处表示作者不想让太多的物品充斥自己的生活。故crowd up符合语境。put up“张贴，搭建”；bring up“抚养，养育，提出”；set up“建立”。 19．C　根据空后的“my family and others”可以推断此处意为“爱我的家人和他人”，故选C。abuse“滥用”；affect“影响”。 20．B　根据语境可知，此处表示只有这样做作者才能开心。make sb.s day为固定用法，意为“使某人非常高兴”。 二．重点短语→识记思考运用 1．动词＋介词/副词 ①stand for代表；象征；表示 ②pick up拾起；捡起；用车接某人 2．动词＋名词＋介词 ①take the place of代替…… ②play a role in在……起作用 ③make a bargain with与……达成协议 ④take part in参加；参与 3．其他形式 ①in charge主管；看管；负责 ②apart from除了 ③as well也；又；还 ④one after another一个接一个地 ⑤as a matter of fact事实上 用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空 1．He made_a_bargain_with his wife，“You do the shopping and I will cook.” 2．But Sarah, who has_taken_part_in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国卷Ⅲ) 3．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand_for specific letters of the alphabet.(2016全国Ⅰ) 4．Please wait at the school gate. John will pick you up there. 5．Apart_from some spelling mistakes，the position is fairly good. ❶“动词＋for”短语小结 ①run for竞选 ②ask for要求得到 ③wait for等候 ④long for渴望 ⑤stand for代表，表示 ⑥hope/wish for希望得到 ⑦care for关心，喜欢 ⑧beg for乞求 ❷“动词＋out”短语荟萃 ①break out爆发 ②work out计算出；理解；解决；锻炼 ③point out指出 ④pick out挑选出 ⑤figure out算出，理解 三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通 背原句 学句型 练仿写 1.No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！ “nor/neither＋情态动词/助动词/系动词be＋主语”构成倒装句型。 你不能取消这个合同，我也不能。 You can’t cancel the contract，nor/neither_can_I. 2.Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and... 妇女不仅允许参加比赛，而且她们还在体操、田径和团体等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用…… not only...but (also)．..“不仅……而且……”，用来连接并列成分。 一方面，这不仅有助于我们强身健体，而且反过来有助于更高效地学习。 For one thing, it not_only_helps_to_build_up_our_physical_health，but_also helps us learn more efficiently in turn. 3.This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will bee. 这很重要，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就越高。 “the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)”意为“越……就越……”。 一般说来，一个运动员在赛前训练得越刻苦，他/她获胜的可能性就越大。 Generally speaking, the harder an athlete trains before a match, the_more_possible_he/she_will_win. 【七选五】 Traditional Chinese Culture Chinese culture is over 5000 years old.　1　 The spirit of the tea ceremony Xi Hu Long Jing (West Lake Dragon Well) and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous.　2　The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirituality. These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from. A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware is the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insight into the wisdom of this ancient civilization. 　3　 During the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, many different flavors, styles, and cuisines(烹饪)have developed based on traditional philosophy and culture. This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries, such as Japan, Mongolia, South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore. It has benefited billions of people around the world through such innovations as Chinese vegetarian culture, tea culture, vinegar, pasta medicated diets, ceramic tableware, and the use of soybeans in the diet. Confucianism has flourished during the last 2,500 of China’s 5,000-year history.　4　This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in China’s history. Seventy-four Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century, these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide.　5　 A. Chinese cuisine B. Traditional Chinese culture C. It has been the mainstay of this ancient civilization. D. They are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor. E. The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact. F. This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe, America and Oceania. G. This would provide long lasting benefits for man, helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life. 【备注】文章介绍了三项在世界范围内产生了重要影响的中国传统文化。 1.E 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。前面叙述到“中国传统文化有5000多年的历史”，后文具体讲述了三个方面，所以“以下三项中国传统文化在世界范围内产生了影响”是承上启下的作用。故选E。 2.D 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。前一句提到“西湖龙井和云南普洱早就闻名世界了”，下面要具体说明这两种茶叶因何而出名。故选D。 3.A 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。本段主要介绍了中国的烹饪。所以，A是段落主题。故选A。 5.G 【解析】考查上下文理解和逻辑推理。根据前面的内容可知，七十位四位诺贝尔奖获得者和许多其他德高望重的学者都表示，为了造福人类的生存和发展，儒家学说应该在世界范围内得到推广和采用。所以，此处要说明其好处，做总结。故选G。