语法专题六 并列句和状语从句.docx

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专题六　并列句和状语从句 ◆并列句的考查要点 1．并列句的基本概念 并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。 2．常见的并列连词 (1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not only...but (also)．..等。 He had plenty of money and he spent it freely. Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily. (2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...等。 Either you are right，or I am. (3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。 Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now. Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others do not. (4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。 It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over. The shops were closed，so I didn’t get any milk. (5)when还可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：①sb.was doing sth.when...；②sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...；③sb.had just done sth.when...。 We were having a meeting when someone broke in. We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. (6)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music. 题组训练1 语法填空 1．—I wonder how much you charge for your services. —The first two are free while the third costs 30. 2．Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 3．Don’t drive so fast，or you’ll have an accident. 4．She is seriously ill，but/yet she doesn’t give up hope. 5．He is a good teacher，so/and he is very popular with students. ◆时间状语从句的考查要点 1．before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型： It will be long before...(得过好久才……) It will not be long before...(过不了多久就……) It was long before... (过了好久才……) It was not long before... (过了不久就……) 2．since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。 It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。 3．as，when，while用法一览表。 类别 作用 例句 as as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 She came up as I was cooking.(同时) The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时) when (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点) When we were at school，we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内) while while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。 Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot. (用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”) 4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有： (1)till，not...until...，until Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. He waited for his father until/till it was twelve o’clock. (2)hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than表示“刚……就” We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. (3)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as，意为“一……就” He made for the door directly he heard the knock. The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears. (4)each time，every time Each time he came to my city，he would call on me. 题组训练2 语法填空 1．If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won’t bother to see it，or I’ll wait until/till it comes out on DVD. 2．They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 3．One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. 4．It was April 29,2001 when Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. 5．He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. ◆让步状语从句的考查要点 1．although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。 Although/Though they are poor，(yet)they are warmhearted. 2．even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”、“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。 I’ll get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air. 3．no matter后接上who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引导名词性从句时只能用whever类词。 Don’t trust him，no matter what/whatever he says. I will eat whatever you give me. No matter how hard the work is，you’d better try to do it well. 4．as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。 Child as(though) he is，he knows a lot. Much as I like it，I won’t buy. Try as he would，he couldn’t lift the heavy box. 5．while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。 题组训练3 语法填空 1．It was a nice meal，though a little expensive. 2．While/Though/Although volleyball is her main focus，she’s also great at basketball. 3．Frank insisted that he was not asleep although/though I had great difficulty in waking him up. 4．Although/Though regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 5．While/Though/Although all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. 6．We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. ◆原因状语从句：because，for，as，since，now that 1．表示不知道的原因时用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。 You want to know why I’m leaving？I’m leaving because I’m fed up with the boss. for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。 It’s morning now，for the birds are singing.(很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因)。 2．表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。 Seeing all of the children already seated，he said，“Since everyone is here，let’s start.” 3．下列情况下只能使用because： (1)在回答why的问句时； (2)在用于强调句型时； (3)被not所否定时。 ◆地点状语从句：where，wherever等 Make a mark wherever you have any questions. We will go where the Party directs us. ◆目的状语从句：that，so that，in order that 注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。 He got up early so that he could catch the early train. ◆结果状语从句：that，so that，so...that...，such...that... 注意：so＋形容词/副词＋that从句；such＋名词＋that从句。 She is so good that we all like her. He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. ◆方式状语从句：as，as if/though I’ll do as I am told to. It looks as if it is going to rain. ◆条件状语从句：if，unless，so/as long as，in case，once，on condition that等 You can use my bike as long as you return it on time. ◆注意状语从句中从句的省略现象 1．连词＋过去分词 Don’t speak until spoken to. Unless repaired，the washing machine is no use. 2．连词＋现在分词 Look out while crossing the street. 3．连词＋形容词/其他 常见的有if necessary，if possible，when necessary，if any等。 If necessary，I will go there. 题组训练4 语法填空 1．The police officers in our city work hard in order that/so that the rest of us can live a safe life. 2．She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time. 3．He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. 4．Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if/as though he had done something very clever. 5．Where there is a will，there is a way. ◆语法与写作 用状语从句翻译下面的句子 1．当有人落后的时候，其他人总是过来提供帮助。(2013江西书面表达) When some fell behind，others would come and offer help. 2．通常无论我们离得多远或多忙，我们都会尽量回家过节。(2013辽宁书面表达) Usually，no matter how far away or how busy we are，we will try to return home for the celebration. 3．尽管我很累，但我从没感到这样快乐过。(2013陕西书面表达) Tired as I was，I never felt so happy. 4．我告诉他长大后我会成为赢家。(2013湖南书面表达) I told him that I would be the winner when I grew up. 5．首先，如果你接受我的道歉，我会非常高兴。(2013山东写作) In the first place，I’ll be so happy if you could accept my apology. ◆语法填空 Do you like travelling？Staying 1.healthy(health) while 2.travelling(travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.3.If/When/While you are travelling abroad，here are the tips you need to make your trip much 4.easier(easy)： Make sure you have got signed passport(护照) and visa.Also，before you go，fill in the emergency information page of your passport！Make two copies of your passport identification page.This will help a lot if your passport 5.is stolen(steal)．Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives.Carry the other 6.with you in a separate place from your passport. Read the Public Announcements or Travel Warnings for the countries you plan to visit.Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to 7.which you are travelling. Leave a copy of your itinerary(旅行日程) with family or friends at home so that you can be contacted in case of an emergency. Do not accept packages from strangers.Do not carry too much money or 8.unnecessary(necessary) credit cards.If we make enough 9.preparations(prepare)，we will succeed.Have 10.a good time!